60-505: Euornithes (from Greek ευόρνιθες euórnithes meaning "true birds") is a natural group which includes the most recent common ancestor of all avialans closer to modern birds than to the enantiornithines . This group was defined in the PhyloCode by Juan Benito and colleagues in 2022 as "the largest clade containing Vultur gryphus , but not Enantiornis leali and Cathayornis yandica ". Clarke et al . (2006) found that
120-543: A pitch accent . In Modern Greek, all vowels and consonants are short. Many vowels and diphthongs once pronounced distinctly are pronounced as /i/ ( iotacism ). Some of the stops and glides in diphthongs have become fricatives , and the pitch accent has changed to a stress accent . Many of the changes took place in the Koine Greek period. The writing system of Modern Greek, however, does not reflect all pronunciation changes. The examples below represent Attic Greek in
180-549: A fan of tail feathers of this sort; instead, they showed only paired plumes or a tuft of short feathers. The name Euornithes has been used for a wide variety of avialan groups since it was first named by Leonhard Stejneger in 1884. It was first defined as a clade in 1998 by Paul Sereno , who made it the group of all animals closer to birds than to Enantiornithes (represented by Sinornis ). This definition currently includes similar content as another widely used name, Ornithuromorpha , named and defined by Luis Chiappe in 1999 as
240-443: A few teeth in the middle of the upper jaw (maxilla) but none in the front (premaxilla). The upper teeth of J. palmapenis seem to have been angled slightly forward as in some other basal avialans. The teeth in all three species were small, blunt and peg-like with no serrations. Their arms were robust and longer than the legs, with relatively well-developed shoulder girdles indicating strong wing musculature. The wishbone ( furcula )
300-477: A lack of contemporaneous evidence. Several theories exist about what Hellenic dialect groups may have existed between the divergence of early Greek-like speech from the common Proto-Indo-European language and the Classical period. They have the same general outline but differ in some of the detail. The only attested dialect from this period is Mycenaean Greek , but its relationship to the historical dialects and
360-419: A lesser degree. Pamphylian Greek , spoken in a small area on the southwestern coast of Anatolia and little preserved in inscriptions, may be either a fifth major dialect group, or it is Mycenaean Greek overlaid by Doric, with a non-Greek native influence. Regarding the speech of the ancient Macedonians diverse theories have been put forward, but the epigraphic activity and the archaeological discoveries in
420-550: A prefix /e-/, called the augment . This was probably originally a separate word, meaning something like "then", added because tenses in PIE had primarily aspectual meaning. The augment is added to the indicative of the aorist, imperfect, and pluperfect, but not to any of the other forms of the aorist (no other forms of the imperfect and pluperfect exist). The two kinds of augment in Greek are syllabic and quantitative. The syllabic augment
480-608: A separate historical stage, though its earliest form closely resembles Attic Greek , and its latest form approaches Medieval Greek . There were several regional dialects of Ancient Greek; Attic Greek developed into Koine. Ancient Greek was a pluricentric language , divided into many dialects. The main dialect groups are Attic and Ionic , Aeolic , Arcadocypriot , and Doric , many of them with several subdivisions. Some dialects are found in standardized literary forms in literature , while others are attested only in inscriptions. There are also several historical forms. Homeric Greek
540-637: A short, robust hand. However, like other basal (non-ornithothoracean) avialans and theropod dinosaurs, the shoulder blades of Jeholornis were oriented along the sides of the body, rather than on top of its back. This meant that the shoulder girdle was slung low, and according to a 2006 study by Phil Senter, would have allowed only for a typical dinosaurian motion of the shoulder. Primitive avialans like Archaeopteryx , Confuciusornis , and Jeholornis would not have been able to lift their arms vertically to achieve true flapping flight, though semi-powered gliding or parachuting would have been possible. Examination of
600-630: A standard subject of study in educational institutions of the Western world since the Renaissance . This article primarily contains information about the Epic and Classical periods of the language, which are the best-attested periods and considered most typical of Ancient Greek. From the Hellenistic period ( c. 300 BC ), Ancient Greek was followed by Koine Greek , which is regarded as
660-510: A vowel or /n s r/ ; final stops were lost, as in γάλα "milk", compared with γάλακτος "of milk" (genitive). Ancient Greek of the classical period also differed in both the inventory and distribution of original PIE phonemes due to numerous sound changes, notably the following: The pronunciation of Ancient Greek was very different from that of Modern Greek . Ancient Greek had long and short vowels ; many diphthongs ; double and single consonants; voiced, voiceless, and aspirated stops ; and
SECTION 10
#1732782917947720-454: Is a list of primitive euornithian genera and those that cannot be confidently referred to any subgroups, following Holtz (2011) unless otherwise noted. Note that Holtz also included the genera Eurolimnornis and Piksi as euornitheans , though they have since been re-identified as pterosaurs . [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Ancient Greek Ancient Greek ( Ἑλληνῐκή , Hellēnikḗ ; [hellɛːnikɛ́ː] ) includes
780-570: Is a literary form of Archaic Greek (derived primarily from Ionic and Aeolic) used in the epic poems , the Iliad and the Odyssey , and in later poems by other authors. Homeric Greek had significant differences in grammar and pronunciation from Classical Attic and other Classical-era dialects. The origins, early form and development of the Hellenic language family are not well understood because of
840-418: Is added to stems beginning with consonants, and simply prefixes e (stems beginning with r , however, add er ). The quantitative augment is added to stems beginning with vowels, and involves lengthening the vowel: Some verbs augment irregularly; the most common variation is e → ei . The irregularity can be explained diachronically by the loss of s between vowels, or that of the letter w , which affected
900-666: Is called 'East Greek'. Arcadocypriot apparently descended more closely from the Mycenaean Greek of the Bronze Age. Boeotian Greek had come under a strong Northwest Greek influence, and can in some respects be considered a transitional dialect, as exemplified in the poems of the Boeotian poet Pindar who wrote in Doric with a small Aeolic admixture. Thessalian likewise had come under Northwest Greek influence, though to
960-448: Is considered by some linguists to have been closely related to Greek . Among Indo-European branches with living descendants, Greek is often argued to have the closest genetic ties with Armenian (see also Graeco-Armenian ) and Indo-Iranian languages (see Graeco-Aryan ). Ancient Greek differs from Proto-Indo-European (PIE) and other Indo-European languages in certain ways. In phonotactics , ancient Greek words could end only in
1020-535: Is derived from "Shenzhou", an ancient name for China, and "raptor", Latin for "violent plunderer" ) was described in the July 2002 issue of Geological Bulletin of China by Ji et al., the same month as Jeholornis was described by Zhou and Zhang. Two of the diagnostic characteristics which could have distinguished Shenzhouraptor from Jeholornis were its smaller size and the absence of teeth, which may be attributed to age and preservational bias. The other major difference
1080-622: Is in the collection of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing. It is cataloged as IVPP V13274, and was reported in the journal Nature in 2002. A second specimen is in the collection of the Liaoning Provincial Museum of Paleontology, and is catalogued as LPM 0193 it was reported as a new species, Shenzhouraptor sinensis , in the journal The Geological Bulletin of China in 2002, but
1140-524: Is likely a junior synonym of Jeholornis prima . Two more specimens were later accessioned by the IVPP as V13550 and V13553 and they were reported in the journal Naturwissenschaften in 2003. A fifth specimen, SDM 20090109, was described in 2012 and made the type specimen of the species J. palmapenis . A sixth specimen, STM2-51, was reported in 2013 and preserved round structures in the body cavity which were interpreted as ovaries. A seventh specimen, YFGP-yb2,
1200-476: Is uncertain what exact lineage of plant they represent. This J. prima specimen, while about two times heavier than the type specimen Shenzhouraptor , had three small teeth in the lower jaw, whereas no teeth were visible in the latter. Two other specimens, IVPP V13353 and the aforementioned V13550 are smaller still and most certainly immature individuals; they both have teeth. In the Shenzhouraptor type,
1260-759: The Greek region of Macedonia during the last decades has brought to light documents, among which the first texts written in Macedonian , such as the Pella curse tablet , as Hatzopoulos and other scholars note. Based on the conclusions drawn by several studies and findings such as Pella curse tablet , Emilio Crespo and other scholars suggest that ancient Macedonian was a Northwest Doric dialect , which shares isoglosses with its neighboring Thessalian dialects spoken in northeastern Thessaly . Some have also suggested an Aeolic Greek classification. The Lesbian dialect
SECTION 20
#17327829179471320-523: The dentary and anterior skull are poorly preserved and this makes it impossible to say whether there were any teeth. The jaw is deep, the dentaries are well fused, and the teeth are reduced, and all indicate a specialized seed-feeding habit for Jeholornis . In 2017 it was announced, that one specimen was fossilized with gastroliths in its stomach. A 2022 study by the University of Oxford , england and Linyi University showed that Jeholornis prima
1380-501: The present , future , and imperfect are imperfective in aspect; the aorist , present perfect , pluperfect and future perfect are perfective in aspect. Most tenses display all four moods and three voices, although there is no future subjunctive or imperative. Also, there is no imperfect subjunctive, optative or imperative. The infinitives and participles correspond to the finite combinations of tense, aspect, and voice. The indicative of past tenses adds (conceptually, at least)
1440-1031: The 5th century BC. Ancient pronunciation cannot be reconstructed with certainty, but Greek from the period is well documented, and there is little disagreement among linguists as to the general nature of the sounds that the letters represent. /oː/ raised to [uː] , probably by the 4th century BC. Greek, like all of the older Indo-European languages , is highly inflected. It is highly archaic in its preservation of Proto-Indo-European forms. In ancient Greek, nouns (including proper nouns) have five cases ( nominative , genitive , dative , accusative , and vocative ), three genders ( masculine , feminine , and neuter ), and three numbers (singular, dual , and plural ). Verbs have four moods ( indicative , imperative , subjunctive , and optative ) and three voices (active, middle, and passive ), as well as three persons (first, second, and third) and various other forms. Verbs are conjugated through seven combinations of tenses and aspect (generally simply called "tenses"):
1500-495: The Archaic period of ancient Greek (see Homeric Greek for more details): Μῆνιν ἄειδε, θεά, Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος οὐλομένην, ἣ μυρί' Ἀχαιοῖς ἄλγε' ἔθηκε, πολλὰς δ' ἰφθίμους ψυχὰς Ἄϊδι προΐαψεν ἡρώων, αὐτοὺς δὲ ἑλώρια τεῦχε κύνεσσιν οἰωνοῖσί τε πᾶσι· Διὸς δ' ἐτελείετο βουλή· ἐξ οὗ δὴ τὰ πρῶτα διαστήτην ἐρίσαντε Ἀτρεΐδης τε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν καὶ δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς. The beginning of Apology by Plato exemplifies Attic Greek from
1560-581: The Classical period of ancient Greek. (The second line is the IPA , the third is transliterated into the Latin alphabet using a modern version of the Erasmian scheme .) Ὅτι [hóti Hóti μὲν men mèn ὑμεῖς, hyːmêːs hūmeîs, Jeholornis Jeholornis (meaning "Jehol bird") is a genus of avialan dinosaurs that lived between approximately 122 and 120 million years ago during
1620-448: The ankle ( metatarsus ). Zhonghe Zhou and Fucheng Zhang classified Jeholornis in a new family, Jeholornithidae , of which it is the type genus , and the order Jeholornithiformes . No phylogenetic definitions for these groups were provided by Zhou and Zhang, but a topological definition was provided in 2020 by Wang and colleagues where Jeholornithiformes was defined as "the most inclusive clade containing Je. prima but excluding
1680-550: The aorist. Following Homer 's practice, the augment is sometimes not made in poetry , especially epic poetry. The augment sometimes substitutes for reduplication; see below. Almost all forms of the perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect reduplicate the initial syllable of the verb stem. (A few irregular forms of perfect do not reduplicate, whereas a handful of irregular aorists reduplicate.) The three types of reduplication are: Irregular duplication can be understood diachronically. For example, lambanō (root lab ) has
1740-627: The article describing Jeholornis was July 25, 2002. The discovery of Shenzhouraptor was reported in at least one newspaper on July 23, 2002, though the official paper naming the species, published in a monthly journal, did not bear a specific date of issue. In 2003, Ji and colleagues made Jeholornis a junior synonym of Shenzhouraptor . In 2006, Zhou and Zhang noted that the ICZN gives priority to these over monthly journals, and argued that because of this Jeholornis has priority over Shenzhouraptor . Most studies have since treated Jeholornis prima as
1800-419: The augment when it was word-initial. In verbs with a preposition as a prefix, the augment is placed not at the start of the word, but between the preposition and the original verb. For example, προσ(-)βάλλω (I attack) goes to προσ έ βαλoν in the aorist. However compound verbs consisting of a prefix that is not a preposition retain the augment at the start of the word: αὐτο(-)μολῶ goes to ηὐ τομόλησα in
1860-477: The body of the tail, so that the entire array of tail feathers resembled a palm frond. The tail feathers did not overlap, and so could not have formed a lift-generating surface, so the tail was probably used mainly for display. Jeholornis contains at least three species : the type species , Jeholornis prima (named in reference to the Jehol group of fossil beds where it was found, and the primitive appearance of
Euornithes - Misplaced Pages Continue
1920-438: The center of Greek scholarship, this division of people and language is quite similar to the results of modern archaeological-linguistic investigation. One standard formulation for the dialects is: West vs. non-West Greek is the strongest-marked and earliest division, with non-West in subsets of Ionic-Attic (or Attic-Ionic) and Aeolic vs. Arcadocypriot, or Aeolic and Arcado-Cypriot vs. Ionic-Attic. Often non-West
1980-487: The claw curvature in Jeholornis suggests it may have been able to perch and may have been at least partly arboreal , spending much of its time in trees. One key adaptation of modern perching birds is the reversed, opposable first toe, or "hallux." Jeholornis was initially described as having a reversed hallux, though others cast doubt on this interpretation, noting that the reversed appearance could be an artifact of
2040-820: The common ancestor of Patagopteryx , Vorona , and Ornithurae , plus all of its descendants. Because one definition is node-based and the other branch-based, Ornithuromorpha is a slightly less inclusive group. The cladogram below follows the results of a phylogenetic analysis by Lee et al. , 2014: † Enantiornithes [REDACTED] † Archaeorhynchus † Jianchangornis † Zhongjianornis † Chaoyangia † Schizooura † Patagopteryx [REDACTED] † Vorona † Ambiortus † Songlingornithidae [REDACTED] † Hongshanornithidae [REDACTED] † Apsaravis † Gansus † Hollanda † Ichthyornis [REDACTED] † Hesperornithes [REDACTED] † Limenavis Aves (modern birds) [REDACTED] The following cladogram below follows
2100-615: The dialect of Sparta ), and Northern Peloponnesus Doric (including Corinthian ). All the groups were represented by colonies beyond Greece proper as well, and these colonies generally developed local characteristics, often under the influence of settlers or neighbors speaking different Greek dialects. After the conquests of Alexander the Great in the late 4th century BC, a new international dialect known as Koine or Common Greek developed, largely based on Attic Greek , but with influence from other dialects. This dialect slowly replaced most of
2160-595: The early Cretaceous Period in China . Fossil Jeholornis were first discovered in the Jiufotang Formation in Hebei Province , China (in what was previously Rehe Province , also known as Jehol—hence the name) and additional specimens have been found in the older Yixian Formation . Jeholornis had long tails and few small teeth , and were approximately the size of turkeys , making them among
2220-516: The extant birds". The results of a phylogenetic analysis of all valid jeholornithiform species considered by Wang and colleagues is shown below: Archaeopteryx lithographica Archaeopteryx albersdoerferi Alcmonavis Jixiangornis Jeholornis palmapenis Shenzhouraptor sinensis Kompsornis Jeholornis prima Jeholornis curvipes Pygostylia Over 100 specimens of Jeholornis have been found, though only seven have been formally described. The type specimen
2280-673: The forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek ( c. 1400–1200 BC ), Dark Ages ( c. 1200–800 BC ), the Archaic or Epic period ( c. 800–500 BC ), and the Classical period ( c. 500–300 BC ). Ancient Greek was the language of Homer and of fifth-century Athenian historians, playwrights, and philosophers . It has contributed many words to English vocabulary and has been
2340-561: The historical Dorians . The invasion is known to have displaced population to the later Attic-Ionic regions, who regarded themselves as descendants of the population displaced by or contending with the Dorians. The Greeks of this period believed there were three major divisions of all Greek people – Dorians, Aeolians, and Ionians (including Athenians), each with their own defining and distinctive dialects. Allowing for their oversight of Arcadian, an obscure mountain dialect, and Cypriot, far from
2400-476: The historical circumstances of the times imply that the overall groups already existed in some form. Scholars assume that major Ancient Greek period dialect groups developed not later than 1120 BC, at the time of the Dorian invasions —and that their first appearances as precise alphabetic writing began in the 8th century BC. The invasion would not be "Dorian" unless the invaders had some cultural relationship to
2460-831: The largest avialans known until the Late Cretaceous. Their diet included seeds of cycads , Ginkgo or similar plants . Jeholornis were relatively large, basal avialans, with a maximum adult length of up to 75 cm (2.5 ft) and an estimated weight of 2.27-9.1 kg (5-20 lbs). Another estimation listed it at 85 cm (2.6 ft) and 780 gr (1.72 lbs). Their skulls were short and high, similar to basal paravians like Epidexipteryx and to early oviraptorosaurs like Incisivosaurus . The lower jaws were short, stout, and curved downward, possibly an adaptation for eating seeds. Jeholornis prima lacked teeth in their upper jaws, and had only three small teeth in their lower jaws, while J. palmapenis had
Euornithes - Misplaced Pages Continue
2520-499: The most primitive known euornithians (the Yanornithiformes ) had a mosaic of advanced and primitive features. These species retained primitive features like gastralia and a pubic symphysis . They also showed the first fully modern pygostyles , and the type specimen of Yixianornis (IVPP 13631) preserves eight elongated rectrices (tail feathers) in a modern arrangement. No earlier pygostylians are known which preserve
2580-508: The older dialects, although the Doric dialect has survived in the Tsakonian language , which is spoken in the region of modern Sparta. Doric has also passed down its aorist terminations into most verbs of Demotic Greek . By about the 6th century AD, the Koine had slowly metamorphosed into Medieval Greek . Phrygian is an extinct Indo-European language of West and Central Anatolia , which
2640-487: The perfect stem eilēpha (not * lelēpha ) because it was originally slambanō , with perfect seslēpha , becoming eilēpha through compensatory lengthening. Reduplication is also visible in the present tense stems of certain verbs. These stems add a syllable consisting of the root's initial consonant followed by i . A nasal stop appears after the reduplication in some verbs. The earliest extant examples of ancient Greek writing ( c. 1450 BC ) are in
2700-472: The plant spread and grow into more fruit producing plants providing more food scorces for Jeholornis . The shoulder girdles of Jeholornis were well developed and probably allowed for better flight capability than seen in Archaeopteryx . The flight apparatus of the Jeholornis was overall quite similar to that of Confuciusornis in form and function, with forelimbs longer than hindlimbs, and
2760-530: The preservation is too poor. The tails of several specimens preserve a fan of feathers ( rectrices ) at the tip, shorter than those on the forelimbs. The feather fan is similar to those of Microraptor and Caudipteryx , being restricted to the tip of the tail, unlike those of Archaeopteryx and Similicaudipteryx which have rectrices extending down much of the tail length. In at least one species, Jeholornis palmapenis , there were 11 tail feathers. The feathers were short and pointed, and arched away from
2820-639: The results of a phylogenetic analysis by Pei et al. , 2020: † Xiaotingia [REDACTED] † Aurornis [REDACTED] † Eosinopteryx [REDACTED] † Anchiornis [REDACTED] † Archaeopteryx [REDACTED] † Sapeornis † Jeholornis [REDACTED] † Jixiangornis † Confuciusornis [REDACTED] † Enantiornithes [REDACTED] † Patagopteryx [REDACTED] † Hongshanornis [REDACTED] † Yanornis [REDACTED] † Yixianornis † Apsaravis Ornithurae [REDACTED] The following
2880-422: The suggestion that they are synonymous. A phylogenetic analysis supported this conclusion, recovering Shenzhouraptor as a less derived species outside of a clade composed of Jeholornis prima , J. curvipes and Kompsornis . The type fossil of Jeholornis prima preserved over 50 round seeds in the area of the crop , each about 8-10 millimeters wide. The seeds belong to the form genus Carpolithes , thus it
2940-517: The syllabic script Linear B . Beginning in the 8th century BC, however, the Greek alphabet became standard, albeit with some variation among dialects. Early texts are written in boustrophedon style, but left-to-right became standard during the classic period. Modern editions of ancient Greek texts are usually written with accents and breathing marks , interword spacing , modern punctuation , and sometimes mixed case , but these were all introduced later. The beginning of Homer 's Iliad exemplifies
3000-409: The tail) and two referred species, Jeholornis palmapenis described by Jingmai O'Connor and colleagues in 2012, and Jeholornis curvipes , described by Ulysse Lefèvre and colleagues in 2014. The name J. palmapenis translates to "palm tail" in reference to the unusual arrangement of its tail feathers, while the name J. curvipes means "curved foot" due to a distinctive bend in the bones just above
3060-440: The type specimen of J. palmapenis . A study by Gregory M. Erickson in 2009 has shown that Jeholornis (along with Archaeopteryx ) had relatively slow ontogenic development, i.e. they grew very slowly, compared to most modern birds, which grow very quickly. The living kiwi birds however, have slow development, and it has been speculated that Jeholornis could have had a metabolism similar to these. Feather traces from
SECTION 50
#17327829179473120-430: The valid name for the species. In 2020, a publication of a new genus and species of jeholornithiform, Kompsornis longicaudus , by Wang and colleagues included a re-evaluation of the diagnostic characteristics of all Jeholornis species, including the holotype of Shenzhouraptor . This examination concluded that Shenzhouraptor was a valid species distinct from Jeholornis prima and other jeholornithiforms, rejecting
3180-502: The way the fossils were crushed. Indeed, in most avialans with a reversed hallux, the foot bone where the reversed toe attaches is twisted, allowing the toe to point backward, but this feature is not found in any Jeholornis specimen. In a 2008 presentation for the conference of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution (SAPE), Zhiheng Li and Yuguang Zhang re-examined the evidence for a reversed hallux in Jeholornis . They found that
3240-404: The wing have only been identified in two specimens, LPM 0193 ( J. prima ) and (SDM 20090109.1 ( J. palmapenis ). The first specimen shows that the flight feathers were asymmetrical (and therefore aerodynamic, as in modern flying birds) and up to 21 centimeters long, longer than the forearm and hand combined. The exact number of flight feathers cannot be determined from known specimens, however, as
3300-480: Was Aeolic. For example, fragments of the works of the poet Sappho from the island of Lesbos are in Aeolian. Most of the dialect sub-groups listed above had further subdivisions, generally equivalent to a city-state and its surrounding territory, or to an island. Doric notably had several intermediate divisions as well, into Island Doric (including Cretan Doric ), Southern Peloponnesus Doric (including Laconian ,
3360-507: Was U-shaped in J. prima and J. palmapenis but not in J. curvipes . Their fingers were short compared to those of Archaeopteryx and also more robust. The lower legs were not particularly long, indicating that these animals were not specialized runners. The first toe, or hallux , which is reversed in modern birds and used to perch in trees, was only partially reversed in both Jeholornis species, pointing inward and slightly backward. The halluces of Jeholornis were short, but their claw
3420-437: Was a different number of caudal vertebrae , though Zhou and Zhang showed in 2003 that the specimen was missing several of the proximal caudals. Several scientists have come to the conclusion that Jeholornis and Shenzhouraptor are specimens of the same species. However, both names were published in print within days of each other, and there was initially controversy over which name should be considered official. The date on
3480-415: Was described in 2014 and made the type specimen of a third species, J. curvipes . The non-pygostylian avialan Jixiangornis orientalis was considered a possible synonym of Jeholornis prima . However, a phylogenetic analysis performed in 2014 found that it may actually be more closely related to short-tailed avialans ( Pygostylia ) than to Jeholornis . Shenzhouraptor sinensis (the name of which
3540-515: Was more strongly curved than those of the other toes. Unlike deinonychosaurs and some other Mesozoic avialans, the claw of the second toe was not enlarged relative to the other claws. Their tail anatomy was more like those of dromaeosaurids than Archaeopteryx , with more strongly interlocking vertebrae, and though they had a similar number of tail vertebrae (between 20 and 24) those of Jeholornis were much longer overall than those of Archaeopteryx . The only well-preserved tail feathers come from
3600-466: Was the earliest known fruit eating bird. This trait possibly developed when plants somewhere around 135 million years ago started developing new kinds of fruits. Some birds like Jeholornis evolved the ability to eat the fruits and a co-evolutionary relationship started about 120 million years ago. During this study, they also found that Jeholornis was not just eating the seeds but the entire fruit itself. It would have defecated un-crushed seeds helping
#946053