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52-779: The medal is in memory of his worldwide involvement in the politics of peace and humanitarian causes, in particular since the dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945 by the United States Army Air Forces. It was established by his grandson Dietrich Hahn in 1988 and is awarded by the United Nations Association of Germany (Deutsche Gesellschaft für die Vereinten Nationen, DGVN, Berlin-Brandenburg) to persons or institutions that have rendered "outstanding services to peace and international understanding" . By tradition,

104-424: A population density of 1321 persons per km . As of 2023, the city has a population of 1,183,696. The population around 1910 was 143,000. Before World War II , Hiroshima's population had grown to 360,000, and peaked at 419,182 in 1942. Following the atomic bombing in 1945, the population dropped to 137,197. By 1955, the city's population had returned to pre-war levels. The region where Hiroshima stands today

156-591: A generous dollop of okonomiyaki sauce (Carp and Otafuku are two popular brands). The amount of cabbage used is usually 3 to 4 times the amount used in the Osaka style. It starts piled very high and is generally pushed down as the cabbage cooks. The order of the layers may vary slightly depending on the chef's style and preference, and ingredients will vary depending on the preference of the customer. Hiroshima has several professional sports clubs. Hiroshima Prefecture Hiroshima Prefecture ( 広島県 , Hiroshima-ken )

208-436: A great scientist, and a modest human being who was ready to help other people at all times, and who has always been a role model for me." (Prof. Dr. h.c. Simon Wiesenthal , Vienna, 1991). "Ever since my early youth, I have admired Otto Hahn as a scientist and a human being. The reason for Hahn's peace work was simply that, knowing more than other citizens about atomic weapons, he felt it his duty to speak about this issue that

260-629: A professional symphony orchestra , which has performed at Wel City Hiroshima since 1963. There are also many museums in Hiroshima, including the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum , along with several art museums. The Hiroshima Museum of Art , which has a large collection of French renaissance art, opened in 1978. The Hiroshima Prefectural Art Museum opened in 1968 and is located near Shukkei-en gardens. The Hiroshima City Museum of Contemporary Art , which opened in 1989,

312-692: A real threat existed and was recognized. To protect against potential firebombings in Hiroshima, school children aged 11–14 years were mobilized to demolish houses and create firebreaks . On Monday, August 6, 1945, at 8:15 a.m. (Hiroshima time), the American Boeing B-29 Superfortress , the Enola Gay , flown by Paul Tibbets (23 February 1915 – 1 November 2007), dropped the nuclear weapon " Little Boy " on Hiroshima, directly killing at least 70,000 people, including thousands of Korean slave laborers . Fewer than 10% of

364-460: A result of the blast and its effects. The Hiroshima Peace Memorial (a UNESCO World Heritage Site ) serves as a memorial of the bombing. Since being rebuilt after the war, Hiroshima has become the largest city in the Chūgoku region of western Honshu . Hiroshima has a humid subtropical climate characterized by cool to mild winters and hot, humid summers. Like much of Japan, Hiroshima experiences

416-501: A seasonal temperature lag in summer, with August rather than July being the warmest month of the year. Precipitation occurs year-round, although winter is the driest season. Rainfall peaks in June and July, with August experiencing sunnier and drier conditions. Hiroshima has eight wards ( ku ): In 2017, the city had an estimated population of 1,195,327. The total area of the city is 905.08 square kilometres (349.45 sq mi), with

468-490: A similar relationship with Nagasaki . The Chūgoku Shimbun is the local newspaper serving Hiroshima. It publishes both morning and evening editions. Television stations include Hiroshima Home Television , Hiroshima Telecasting , Shinhiroshima Telecasting , and the RCC Broadcasting . Radio stations include Hiroshima FM , Chugoku Communication Network , FM Fukuyama , FM Nanami , and Onomichi FM . Hiroshima

520-454: Is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu . Hiroshima Prefecture has a population of 2,811,410 (1 June 2019) and has a geographic area of 8,479 km² (3,274 sq mi ). Hiroshima Prefecture borders Okayama Prefecture to the east, Tottori Prefecture to the northeast, Shimane Prefecture to the north, and Yamaguchi Prefecture to the southwest. Hiroshima is the capital and largest city of Hiroshima Prefecture, and

572-774: Is a state of preserved ruin. During World War I , Hiroshima became a focal point of military activity, as the Japanese government joined the Allied at war. About 500 German POWs were held in Ninoshima Island in Hiroshima Bay. The growth of Hiroshima as a city continued after the First World War, as the city now attracted the attention of the Catholic Church, and on May 4, 1923, an Apostolic Vicar

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624-661: Is also served by NHK , Japan's public broadcaster, with television and radio broadcasting. Hiroshima University was established in 1949, as part of a national restructuring of the education system. One national university was set up in each prefecture , including Hiroshima University, which combined eight existing institutions (Hiroshima University of Literature and Science, Hiroshima School of Secondary Education, Hiroshima School of Education, Hiroshima Women's School of Secondary Education, Hiroshima School of Education for Youth, Hiroshima Higher School, Hiroshima Higher Technical School, and Hiroshima Municipal Higher Technical School), with

676-542: Is headquartered there) and tourism in two World Heritage Sites : the A-Bomb dome and Itsukushima Shrine . Components of the economy are primary industry, secondary industry, and tertiary industry, which compose 0.6%, 32.6%, and 66.2% in 2015. There is 0.6% of unclassified production. Value of production of manufacturing is 10,343 billion yen in 2016, which is the 10th largest in Japan. After 2012, production of manufacturing

728-526: Is known for okonomiyaki , a savory ( umami ) pancake cooked on an iron plate, usually in front of the customer. It is cooked with various ingredients, which are layered rather than mixed as done with the Osaka version of okonomiyaki. The layers are typically egg, cabbage, bean sprouts (moyashi), sliced pork/bacon with optional items (mayonnaise, fried squid, octopus, cheese, mochi , kimchi , etc.), and noodles ( soba , udon ) topped with another layer of egg and

780-592: Is located near Hijiyama Park. Festivals include Hiroshima Flower Festival and Hiroshima International Film Festival . The Hiroshima International Animation Festival was held biennially from 1985 until 2020. Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park , which includes the Hiroshima Peace Memorial , draws many visitors from around the world, especially for the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Ceremony , an annual commemoration held on

832-451: Is notable, in Japan, for its light rail system, nicknamed Hiroden , and the "Moving Streetcar Museum". Streetcar service started in 1912, was interrupted by the atomic bomb, and was restored as soon as was practical. (Service between Koi/Nishi Hiroshima and Tenma-cho was started up three days after the bombing. ) Streetcars and light rail vehicles are still rolling down Hiroshima's streets, including streetcars 651 and 652, which survived

884-610: Is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture in Japan . As of June 1, 2019 , the city had an estimated population of 1,199,391. The gross domestic product (GDP) in Greater Hiroshima, Hiroshima Urban Employment Area , was US$ 61.3 billion as of 2010. Kazumi Matsui has been the city's mayor since April 2011. The Hiroshima metropolitan area is the second largest urban area in the Chugoku Region of Japan, following

936-616: The Okayama metropolitan area. Hiroshima was founded in 1589 as a castle town on the Ōta River delta . Following the Meiji Restoration in 1868, Hiroshima rapidly transformed into a major urban center and industrial hub. In 1889, Hiroshima officially gained city status. The city was a center of military activities during the imperial era , playing significant roles such as in the First Sino-Japanese War ,

988-627: The Russo-Japanese War , and the two world wars. Hiroshima was the first military target of a nuclear weapon in history. This occurred on August 6, 1945, in the Pacific theatre of World War II , at 8:15 a.m., when the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) dropped the atomic bomb " Little Boy " on the city. Most of Hiroshima was destroyed, and by the end of the year between 90,000 and 166,000 had died as

1040-804: The Higashi-Senda Campus are still in Hiroshima City. Notable art institutions include the Elisabeth University of Music and Actor's School Hiroshima . Hiroshima is served by Hiroshima Airport ( IATA : HIJ , ICAO : RJOA ), located 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of the city, with regular flights to Tokyo , Sapporo , Sendai , Okinawa , and also to China , Taiwan and South Korea . Iwakuni Kintaikyo Airport , 43 kilometres (27 mi) south-west of Hiroshima, re-instated commercial flights on December 13, 2012. Hiroshima Rapid Transit Skyrail Service Hiroshima

1092-653: The Hiroshima Prefectural Medical College added in 1953. In 1972, Hiroshima University moved from Hiroshima City to a larger campus in Higashihiroshima City. By 1995, almost all campuses were relocated to Higashihiroshima . The schools of medicine, dentistry, pharmaceutical sciences, and the graduate schools in these fields on the Kasumi Campus and the law school and Center for Research on Regional Economic System on

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1144-596: The Japanese government can be discerned from the fact that the first round of talks between Chinese and Japanese representatives to end the Sino-Japanese War was held in Hiroshima, from February 1 to 4, 1895. New industrial plants, including cotton mills , were established in Hiroshima in the late 19th century. Further industrialization in Hiroshima was stimulated during the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, which required development and production of military supplies. The Hiroshima Prefectural Commercial Exhibition Hall

1196-722: The United Nations Association of Germany, Berlin-Brandenburg, for honouring Muhammad's commitment. He will continue to devote every effort to his activities as United Nations Messenger of Peace and to his work within the Muhammad Ali Center for Peace and International Understanding." (Dr. Lonnie Ali , Berrien Springs, 2005). Hiroshima Hiroshima ( 広島市 , Hiroshima-shi , / ˌ h ɪr oʊ ˈ ʃ iː m ə / , also UK : / h ɪ ˈ r ɒ ʃ ɪ m ə / , US : / h ɪ ˈ r oʊ ʃ ɪ m ə / , [çiɾoɕima] )

1248-786: The atomic blast and are among the older streetcars in the system. When Kyoto and Fukuoka discontinued their trolley systems, Hiroshima bought them up at discounted prices, and, by 2011, the city had 298 streetcars, more than any other city in Japan. Hiroshima is served by Japan National Route 2 , Japan National Route 54 , Japan National Route 183 , Japan National Route 261 , Japan National Route 433 , Japan National Route 487 , Japan National Route 488 . Hiroshima Prefectural Route 37 (Hiroshima-Miyoshi Route), Hiroshima Prefectural Route 70 (Hiroshima-Nakashima Route), Hiroshima Prefectural Route 84 (Higashi Kaita Hiroshima Route), Hiroshima Prefectural Route 164 (Hiroshima-Kaita Route), and Hiroshima Prefectural Route 264 (Nakayama-Onaga Route). Hiroshima has

1300-486: The casualties were military. By the end of the year, injury and radiation brought the total number of deaths to 90,000–140,000. The population before the bombing was around 345,000. About 70% of the city's buildings were destroyed, and another 7% severely damaged. The public release of film footage of the city following the attack, and some of the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission research on

1352-496: The catastrophe ... but also by the fact that public struggle with this traumatic experience was not permitted." The US occupation authorities maintained a monopoly on scientific and medical information about the effects of the atomic bomb through the work of the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission, which treated the data gathered in studies of hibakusha as privileged information rather than making

1404-408: The contemporary world and the future, we found something which we could identify. And when in the fifties he came out so strongly and impressively against the misuse of nuclear science for aggressive purposes, we looked upon him as an example to us all. Another reason for the admiration we felt for Otto Hahn was that he never ceased to remind us of our duty to think not only of ourselves, and not only of

1456-800: The date of the atomic bombing. The park also contains a large collection of monuments, including the Children's Peace Monument , the Hiroshima National Peace Memorial Hall for the Atomic Bomb Victims and many others. Hiroshima's rebuilt castle (nicknamed Rijō , meaning Koi Castle ) houses a museum of life in the Edo period . Hiroshima Gokoku Shrine is within the walls of the castle. Other attractions in Hiroshima include Shukkei-en , Fudōin, Mitaki-dera , Hiroshima Tōshō-gū , and Hijiyama Park. Hiroshima

1508-558: The developed world, but of the world as a whole." (Dr. h.c. Hans Koschnick , Bremen, 1995). "Otto Hahn was a fantastic man, who gives us all an example of humanity, also in the nazi era." (Prof. Dr. h.c. Lord Yehudi Menuhin , London, 1997). "I wish to express my thanks on behalf of my husband. This award is very important to Muhammad. He feels very honoured to be the winner of the tenth Otto Hahn Peace Medal. Both Otto Hahn and Muhammad worked in professions that had destructive effects – but both worked tirelessly for peace. We warmly thank

1560-588: The efforts of Hiroshima Governor Sadaaki Senda in the 1880s, allowing Hiroshima to become an important port city. The San'yō Railway was extended to Hiroshima in 1894, and a rail line from the main station to the harbor was constructed for military transportation during the First Sino-Japanese War . During that war, the Japanese government moved temporarily to Hiroshima, and Emperor Meiji maintained his headquarters at Hiroshima Castle from September 15, 1894, to April 27, 1895. The significance of Hiroshima for

1612-513: The first sitting United States president to visit Hiroshima since the atomic bombing. The 49th annual G7 summit was held in Hiroshima in May 2023. Hiroshima is situated on the Ōta River delta, on Hiroshima Bay , facing the Seto Inland Sea on its south side. The river's six channels divide Hiroshima into several islets. Hiroshima has six sister cities : Within Japan, Hiroshima has

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1664-736: The gold medal, together with a leather-bound diploma inlaid in gold, is presented in Berlin at a biennial ceremony on 17 December by the Governing Mayor of Berlin and the President of the DGVN. On 17 December 1938, in Berlin-Dahlem, Otto Hahn and his assistant Fritz Strassmann discovered a new reaction in uranium (which exiled Lise Meitner and her nephew Otto Frisch two weeks later correctly interpreted as "nuclear fission") thus laying

1716-500: The human effects of the attack, were restricted during the occupation of Japan , and much of this information was censored until the signing of the Treaty of San Francisco in 1951, restoring control to the Japanese. As Ian Buruma observed: News of the amazing explosion of the atom bomb attacks on Japan was deliberately withheld from the Japanese public by US military censors during the Allied occupation—even as they sought to teach

1768-516: The largest city in the Chūgoku region, with other major cities including Fukuyama , Kure , and Higashihiroshima . Hiroshima Prefecture is located on the Seto Inland Sea across from the island of Shikoku , and is bounded to the north by the Chūgoku Mountains . Hiroshima Prefecture is one of the three prefectures of Japan with more than one UNESCO World Heritage Site . The area around Hiroshima

1820-613: The location of the bomb's detonation, was designated the Genbaku Dome (原爆ドーム) or "Atomic Dome" , a part of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park . The Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum was opened in 1955 in the Peace Park. The historic castle of Hiroshima was rebuilt in 1958. Hiroshima also contains a Peace Pagoda , built in 1966 by Nipponzan-Myōhōji . Uniquely, the pagoda is made of steel , rather than

1872-527: The middle of Japan. Most of the prefecture consists of mountains leading towards Shimane Prefecture ; and rivers produce rich plains near the coast. The province faces Shikoku across the Seto Inland Sea . Hiroshima Bay opens on the Inland Sea . The prefecture also includes many small islands. The sheltered nature of the Inland Sea makes Hiroshima's climate very mild. As of 1 April 2014, 4% of

1924-584: The national government through the Hiroshima Peace Memorial City Construction Law passed in 1949. It provided financial assistance for reconstruction, along with land donated that was previously owned by the national government and used by the Imperial military. In 1949, a design was selected for the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park . Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall, the closest surviving building to

1976-463: The natives the virtues of a free press. Casualty statistics were suppressed. Film shot by Japanese cameramen in Hiroshima and Nagasaki after the bombings was confiscated. "Hiroshima", the account written by John Hersey for The New Yorker , had a huge impact in the US, but was banned in Japan. As [John] Dower says: "In the localities themselves, suffering was compounded not merely by the unprecedented nature of

2028-459: The results available for the treatment of victims or providing financial or medical support to aid victims. The book Hiroshima by John Hersey was originally published in article form in the magazine The New Yorker , on August 31, 1946. It is reported to have reached Tokyo, in English, at least by January 1947 and the translated version was released in Japan in 1949. Although the article

2080-543: The scientific and technical foundations of nuclear energy. This 17 December 1938 therefore marks the beginning of the Atomic age , which from the scientific, political, economic, social and philosophical point of view has fundamentally changed the world. Source: "The award of the Otto Hahn Peace Medal has given me great joy and satisfaction, particularly because it is linked with the name of this great man,

2132-491: The total land area of the prefecture was designated as Natural Parks (the lowest percentage of any prefecture), namely Setonaikai National Park ; Hiba-Dōgo-Taishaku and Nishi-Chūgoku Sanchi Quasi-National Parks; and six Prefectural Natural Parks. Fourteen cities are located in Hiroshima Prefecture: These are the towns in each district : Hiroshima's main industries include automobiles ( Mazda

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2184-486: The usual stone. Hiroshima was proclaimed a City of Peace by the Japanese parliament in 1949, at the initiative of its mayor, Shinzo Hamai (1905–1968). As a result, the city of Hiroshima received more international attention as a desirable location for holding international conferences on peace as well as social issues. As part of that effort, the Hiroshima Interpreters' and Guide's Association (HIGA)

2236-636: Was appointed for that city. During World War II , the Second General Army and Chūgoku Regional Army was headquartered in Hiroshima, and the Army Marine Headquarters was located at Ujina port. The city also had large depots of military supplies, and was a key center for shipping. The bombing of Tokyo and other cities in Japan during World War II caused widespread destruction and hundreds of thousands of civilian deaths. There were no such air raids on Hiroshima. However,

2288-460: Was constructed in 1915 as a center for trade and the exhibition of new products. Later, its name was changed to Hiroshima Prefectural Product Exhibition Hall, and again to Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall. The building, now known as the A-Bomb Dome, part of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial , a World Heritage Site since 1996, permanently remains the only structure still standing and

2340-686: Was established in 1992 to facilitate interpretation for conferences, and the Hiroshima Peace Institute was established in 1998 within the Hiroshima University . The city government continues to advocate the abolition of all nuclear weapons and the Mayor of Hiroshima is the president of Mayors for Peace , an international Mayoral organization mobilizing cities and citizens worldwide to abolish and eliminate nuclear weapons by 2020 . On May 27, 2016, Barack Obama became

2392-667: Was formerly divided into Bingo Province and Aki Province . This location has been a center of trade and culture since the beginning of Japan's recorded history. Hiroshima is a traditional center of the Chūgoku region and was the seat of the Mōri clan until the Battle of Sekigahara . Together with Nara and Tokyo , Hiroshima is one of the three prefectures with more than one UNESCO World Heritage Site . The two such sites in Hiroshima Prefecture are: Hiroshima prefecture lies in

2444-528: Was originally a small fishing village along the shores of Hiroshima Bay. From the 12th century, the village was rather prosperous and was economically attached to a Zen Buddhist temple called Mitaki-Ji . This new prosperity was partly caused by the increase of trade with the rest of Japan under the auspices of the Taira clan . Hiroshima was established on the delta coastline of the Seto Inland Sea in 1589 by powerful warlord Mōri Terumoto . Hiroshima Castle

2496-510: Was planned to be published over four issues, "Hiroshima" made up the entire contents of one issue of the magazine. Hiroshima narrates the stories of six bomb survivors immediately before and four months after the dropping of the Little Boy bomb. Oleander ( Nerium ) is the official flower of the city of Hiroshima because it was the first to bloom again after the explosion of the atomic bomb in 1945. On September 17, 1945, Hiroshima

2548-405: Was quickly built, and in 1593 Mōri moved in. The name Hiroshima means wide island in Japanese. Terumoto was on the losing side at the Battle of Sekigahara . The winner of the battle, Tokugawa Ieyasu , deprived Mōri Terumoto of most of his fiefs, including Hiroshima and gave Aki Province to Masanori Fukushima , a daimyō (Feudal Lord) who had supported Tokugawa. From 1619 until 1871, Hiroshima

2600-516: Was ruled by the Asano clan . After the Han was abolished in 1871, the city became the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture . Hiroshima became a major urban center during the imperial period , as the Japanese economy shifted from primarily rural to urban industries. During the 1870s, one of the seven government-sponsored English language schools was established in Hiroshima. Ujina Harbor was constructed through

2652-492: Was so crucial for mankind. He could make things clear, he had to use his knowledge. And it is why Otto Hahn, with atomic weapons in mind, wrote shortly before his death of the 'necessity of world peace'." (Prof. Dr. Sir Karl R. Popper , Kenley, 1993). "Otto Hahn held a particular attraction for us younger people after the war. In his commitment to the promotion of free scientific enquiry, as well as in his efforts to persuade scientists to recognize their responsibility for shaping

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2704-555: Was struck by the Makurazaki Typhoon ( Typhoon Ida ). Hiroshima Prefecture suffered more than 3,000 deaths and injuries, about half the national total. More than half the bridges in the city were destroyed, along with heavy damage to roads and railroads, further devastating the city. From 1945 to 1952, Hiroshima came under occupation from the British Empire . Hiroshima was rebuilt after the war, with help from

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