47-552: Otway may refer to: Places [ edit ] Australia [ edit ] Cape Otway , a geographical feature on the coast of Victoria, Australia Shire of Colac Otway , Victoria, Australia Great Otway National Park , a national park in Victoria, Australia Otway Basin , a geological feature with natural gas reserves spanning the coast of South Australia and Victoria Otway Ranges in Victoria, Australia Parish of Otway,
94-702: A cadastral land division in the County of Polwarth in Western Victoria Elsewhere [ edit ] Otway, Ohio , a village in the United States Otway Massif , massif in Antarctica Seno Otway , inland sound in southern Chile People [ edit ] Otway Burns (1775–1850), American privateer Otway (surname) Other uses [ edit ] HMAS Otway , two submarines of
141-587: A guard and Ensign Francis Barrallier , also of the New South Wales Corps, joined as surveyor for the expedition. The expedition was joined by George Caley , a botanist sent by Sir Joseph Banks to collect plants, John Lewin , naturalist and artist, and an Aboriginal man named Euranabie and his wife Worogan. The Lady Nelson was to be accompanied by the sloop Bee to act as a tender. The two vessels left Sydney Cove on 6 March 1801 but encountered heavy weather soon after their departure. Bee shipped
188-421: A livestock property at Moonlight Head in 1845 but his hut was burnt down and his shepherd supposedly killed by the resident Gadubanud people. More detailed exploration occurred in 1846 when a number of surveying expeditions entered the area with the view of placing a lighthouse upon Cape Otway. During these assignments, an Aboriginal man was attacked by colonists with stockwhips, while a surveyor's assistant by
235-510: A lot of water and was obliged to return to Port Jackson. Lady Nelson continued south alone and, after spending two days in Jervis Bay, passed Cape Howe on the 15th, Wilsons Promontory on the 20th, and sighted Western Port on 21 March. Lady Nelson had arrived off the island that forms the south head of Western Port and from its likeness to a snapper's head, Grant named it Snapper Island, since renamed Phillip Island . The greater part of
282-752: Is a cape and a bounded locality of the Colac Otway Shire in southern Victoria , Australia on the Great Ocean Road ; much of the area is enclosed in the Great Otway National Park . The cape marks the boundary between the Southern Ocean on the west and Bass Strait on the east. Cape Otway was originally inhabited by the Gadubanud people; evidence of their campsites is contained in the middens throughout
329-514: The Victorian Heritage Register . A telegraph office opened in 1859. The post office opened on 1 September 1880 and closed in 1972. Eight ships were wrecked along the coast of Cape Otway: Marie (1851), Sacramento (1853), Schomberg (1855), Loch Ard (1878), Joseph H. Scammell (May 1891), Fiji (September 1891), and Casino in 1932. The first American vessel sunk during World War II , MS City of Rayville ,
376-745: The Bass Strait area. She was involved in the discovery of Port Phillip , on the coast of Victoria , in establishing settlements on the River Derwent and at Port Dalrymple in Tasmania, at Newcastle and Port Macquarie in New South Wales, and on Melville Island off the north coast of the continent. At the end of the 1790s the New South Wales Colonial Government had no vessels capable of reaching
423-466: The Cape, Grant received a despatch from London in which he was advised that a navigable strait had recently been discovered between New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania), in latitude 38° south, and the despatch instructed him to: sail through the said strait on your way to Port Jackson, by which means you will not only shorten your voyage, but will have an opportunity of more minutely surveying
470-665: The Downs on 20 January 1800. After riding out a heavy gale Grant decided to seek shelter in Ramsgate Harbour. Lady Nelson remained there until 7 February, when she sailed for Portsmouth to await a convoy to escort her past the French and Spanish coasts. Whilst at Portsmouth Lady Nelson ' s armament, consisting of two brass carriage guns, was increased to six. On 15 March 1800, Captain Schanck, accompanied by Mr. Bayley, of
517-523: The Otways on an expedition. It was found that Hesse probably died of exposure, while Gellibrand was initially cared for by a local Aboriginal clan but later killed by members of another clan visiting from the Apollo Bay area. The ship Joanna was wrecked near the Cape in 1843, with several survivors making a difficult journey by foot along the coast back toward Geelong. Mr Kearnon attempted to establish
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#1732765595885564-521: The Royal Academy, Portsmouth, paid Grant a visit. Many people who saw Lady Nelson did not consider her suitable to undertake such a long voyage and this caused Grant some difficulty in keeping his crew together and finding replacements for those that deserted. The carpenter, who had deserted when leaving Portsmouth, and one other member of the crew were not replaced and one man was put ashore due to illness. When Lady Nelson sailed her complement
611-482: The Royal Australian Navy Otway (1800 ship) , British sailing ship in the slave trade Otway-Rees protocol , computer network authentication protocol SS Otway A passenger liner sunk in 1917 Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Otway . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
658-509: The absence of a chronometer on Lady Nelson . During the succeeding days, as Lady Nelson approached Bass Strait, Grant made numerous observations and named several geographic features along the southern coast of the continent. Lady Nelson entered Bass Strait itself on 7 December when Grant sighted a cape that he named Cape Albany Otway (now Cape Otway ). He named another cape, eight or ten nautical miles East-North-East-half East, Patton's Cape (now Cape Patton). A large bay, now appearing to
705-601: The coast of Australia. At the time large parts of the Australian coast were unmapped and Britain had claimed only part of the continent. The British Government were concerned that, in the event of settlers of another European power becoming established in Australia, any future conflict in Europe would lead to a widening of the conflict into the southern hemisphere to the detriment of the trade that Britain sought to develop. It
752-670: The colony possessed no vessels for exploration and surveying. In 1799 the Admiralty's Commissioners of Transport (the Transport Board ), ordered a cutter of 60 tons (bm), to be built for their own use in the River Thames and called it Lady Nelson . Her design followed that of the armed cutter Trial , built in Plymouth in 1789 to a design developed by Captain (later Admiral) John Schanck [often spelled Schank]. Trial
799-411: The country appears to be of the most immediate importance'. The Governor, now Philip Gidley King, therefore had to find a commander and a new crew to carry out these instructions. As there was no other naval officer in the colony, command of Lady Nelson was offered to Grant (then unemployed), which he accepted. John Murray , Second Mate of Porpoise , transferred to Lady Nelson as First Mate. As
846-476: The crew could only be given naval pay, and not the very high wages paid by the Transport Board during the delivery voyage, only two of the crew that had sailed Lady Nelson from England were prepared re-join the vessel. King therefore had to recruit a convict crew. This he did by granting conditional emancipations to some of the best behaved of the seamen among the convicts to enable them to serve on board
893-608: The crew of Lady Nelson terminated on arrival of the vessel in Port Jackson and accordingly the crew were paid off. King had not received any directions on whether the vessel was to be considered on the establishment of the Navy, the Transport Board, or the Colony, and it was many months before this administrative matter was resolved. Before Grant left England he had received an appointment as Lieutenant to HMS Supply , which
940-409: The east, he named Portland Bay . On 8 December Lady Nelson sailed across a large bay, which was found to extend from Cape Otway in the west to Wilsons Promontory in the east, a distance of 120 nautical miles. Grant named this large extent of water Governor King's Bay, but the name has not survived. The discovery of Port Phillip , at the head of this bay, the bottom of which could not be seen from
987-465: The first of these mountains after Captain Schanck (since renamed Mount Schank ), and the other Gambier's Mountain . The western cape he called Cape Banks and the second, eastern cape, he called Cape Northumberland . The actual position of Cape Banks is longitude 37°54′S 140°23′E / 37.900°S 140.383°E / -37.900; 140.383 ( Cape Banks ) . The discrepancy in longitude would have resulted, at least in part, by
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#17327655958851034-562: The generality of seamen. Schanck agreed with this change and the Commissioners of Transport were directed to rig the vessel as a brig, and not as a cutter like the Trial as had been intended. The ability to raise the keels was a useful feature for a survey vessel required to work in shallow waters. Lady Nelson ' s draught was 12 feet when she left England, fully provisioned for her voyage. This draught would halve to six feet when
1081-421: The keels were raised. The keels were of timber construction with no added ballast. Lady Nelson was built by John Dudman in the dockyard, known as Deadman's Dock, at Grove Street, Deptford . Lady Nelson ' s first commander was Lieutenant James Grant , the commission of whom came into effect on 19 October 1799. Lady Nelson was commissioned: for the purpose of prosecuting the discovery and survey of
1128-407: The lack of vessels in New South Wales, and lobbied for Lady Nelson to be taken over for use in the Colony. The cost to the government was said to be £890. He personally inspected the vessel on 8 October 1799, whilst it was being fitted-out at Deptford, and suggested that: as few seamen know anything about the management of a cutter, her being constructed into a brig would make her more manageable to
1175-405: The land, our latitude to be 38° 10' S. longitude, by account, 142° 30' E. which according to my best judgement, after looking over my reckoning, I allowed the western point of land Cape Banks to lay in 142° E. From the distance I was from the shore, and observing in 38° 10', I make Cape Banks to lie in 38° 4' S. Grant observed two capes and two high mountains a considerable way inshore. Grant named
1222-408: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Otway&oldid=1199381746 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Cape Otway Cape Otway
1269-464: The mast-head, was still many months into the future. As the coast between Wilsons Promontory and Port Jackson had already examined by Bass and Flinders , Grant did not conduct any further surveys and headed for Port Jackson, anchoring in Sydney Cove at 7.30 pm on 16 December 1800 after a voyage of 71 days from the Cape of Good Hope. The agreements entered into between the Transport Board and
1316-527: The name of James Conroy was killed by the Gadubanud. A reprisal force led by the surveyor and consisting of a well-armed militia of Barrabool men was organised by the district official Captain Foster Fyans . This force exterminated almost completely the remaining Gadubanud population of around ten people. Cape Otway Lighthouse was built on the point of the cape in 1848. The lighthouse is listed on
1363-551: The naval dockyard examined Lady Nelson and as her main and after keels were both found to be beyond repair they were replaced with new ones. Lady Nelson had been troubled by leaks in her topsides since she left England. This was also investigated whilst the vessel was at the Cape, and it was found 'that instead of the seams being filled with oakum they had absolutely substituted putty'. Two new keels having been fitted, Lady Nelson left Table Bay on 16 June and anchored in Simon's Bay
1410-501: The next day. Already anchored there was Porpoise , which had left Portsmouth in the same convoy as Lady Nelson . Grant's orders were 'to remain at the Cape till the summer season commenced' so as not to risk his small vessel in the Roaring Forties during the southern hemisphere winter. Grant therefore spent many weeks at the Cape and the observations he made during the period are recorded in his book (Grant 1803). Whilst at
1457-547: The outside world. Supply (1793) was found to be unseaworthy in 1797 and was subsequently condemned. Reliance was also unseaworthy. Reliance was temporarily repaired to enable her to sail back to England, whither she departed in March 1800. The only other vessel under the control of the colonial government was Francis , a schooner of only 44 tons (bm). The situation was partially relieved when Buffalo arrived in May 1799, but
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1504-675: The region. The traditional Gadubanud name for the cape is Bangurac . The cape was charted by the British when Lieutenant James Grant sailed through Bass Strait in HMS ; Lady Nelson in December 1800. Grant named it Cape Albany Otway after Captain William Albany Otway. This was later shortened to Cape Otway. The British started to colonise the region in 1837 when Joseph Gellibrand and George Hesse became lost in
1551-416: The said strait. Before leaving the Cape, Grant took on board a carpenter and a person named Dr. Brandt. Grant also consented to take on board a Danish seaman, thought to be Jorgen Jorgenson , sentenced at the Cape to transportation, for his involvement in mutinous behaviour on board a recently arrived ship. Lady Nelson left the Cape on 7 October 1800. The south coast of what was then called New Holland
1598-416: The shoreline beneath the lighthouse. Commercial crayfishers use baited pots or traps throughout the reef system, with white floats on the surface marking their locations. Cape Otway has an oceanic climate ( Cfb ) with mild summers and cool damp winters, and only 38 clear days annually. HMS Lady Nelson (1798) His Majesty ' s Armed Survey Vessel Lady Nelson was commissioned in 1799 to survey
1645-454: The survey of Western Port was completed by 22 April but bad weather prevented Lady Nelson from leaving until 29 April. Grant noted: Western Port is capable of containing several hundred sail of ships with perfect security from storms, and will admit of being fortified. Lady Nelson then headed east with the intention of surveying the coast between Western Port and Wilsons Promontory but the weather prevented them from remaining constantly near
1692-486: The unknown parts of the coast of New Holland , and ascertaining, as far as is practicable, the hydrography of that part of the globe. Philip Gidley King departed for New South Wales in Speedy on 26 Nov 1799 with a despatch recalling the incumbent Governor, John Hunter, who returned to England. King then took over as Governor and subsequently played a key part in the affairs of Lady Nelson after she arrived. Lady Nelson
1739-481: The vessel and to receive the pay given in the Navy. The naval complement of the vessel was therefore: Lady Nelson was provisioned for a six-month voyage and Grant received orders to return to Bass Strait with detailed instructions to carry out a survey of those parts not examined during the passage from the Cape of Good Hope. Four Privates of the New South Wales Corps were placed on board as
1786-470: The vessel might be strained too much in the heavy seas and therefore, after a couple of days, ordered the hawser to be cast off, preferring to continue the voyage alone. On 13 April Lady Nelson anchored at Port Praya ( Praia ), on the island of 'St Jago' ( Ilha de Santiago ), the largest of the Cape Verde Islands, 26 days after leaving Portsmouth. Whilst there, the keels were inspected and it
1833-522: Was against this background that Lady Nelson was chosen to survey and establish sovereignty over strategic parts of the continent. Lady Nelson left Portsmouth on 18 March 1800 and arrived at Sydney on 16 December 1800 after having been the first vessel to reach the east coast of Australia via Bass Strait . Prior to that date all vessels had sailed around the southern tip of Tasmania to reach their destination. Lady Nelson ' s survey work commenced shortly after her arrival at Sydney, initially in
1880-527: Was also sunk off the cape by a German mine. Following this, the Americans built a radar bunker on the cape in 1942; it is now open to the public. The hostile seas, where the Southern Ocean meets with Bass Strait, that surround Cape Otway are home to some of the world's most prized marine species, including crayfish and abalone . On calm days, as many as 20 abalone dive boats commonly operate along
1927-531: Was found that part of the after keel had broken off, which may have occurred during earlier heavy weather. The missing part of the keel was replaced, a task not made any easier by the lack of a carpenter on board. Before leaving, Grant put his second mate ashore for sowing seeds of discontent amongst the crew, and obtained the Governor's permission to take two young men from the island to supplement his crew. Lady Nelson left Praia on 27 April. The vessel's complement
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1974-568: Was loaded with sufficient provisions for nine months and enough water for six months, at an allowance of one gallon for each man per day. She was not equipped with a chronometer. The beginning of the voyage to Australia was recorded by Grant: On 13 January 1800, the Lady Nelson hauled out of Deadman's Dock into the River, having her complement of men, stores, and provisions on board. Lady Nelson reached Gravesend on 16 January, anchored in
2021-428: Was not sighted until Lady Nelson approached the land near the present border between South Australia and Victoria. Grant recorded first sighting the mainland on 3 December 1800: At 8.00 am I saw the land from the north training as far to the east as east-north-east. The part that was right ahead appearing like unconnected islands, being four in number, distant six or seven leagues . At noon I observed, being in with
2068-471: Was now three officers and twelve crew. On 23 May, the weather being fine, Lady Nelson ' s keels were examined and it was found that the piece that had been fitted to the bottom of the after keel at Praia had broken off. A temporary repair was effected by pushing the keel deeper into the well, and securing it with a plank of wood. Land was sighted near Table Bay at 5 am on 7 June and Lady Nelson anchored there at 5 pm on 8 June 1800. A shipbuilder from
2115-526: Was probably therefore only three officers and ten crew. Lady Nelson departed from Dunnose, Isle of Wight, at 6 pm on 18 March. The convoy consisted of East Indiamen, heading for the East, and HMS Porpoise , which was also bound for New South Wales. Shortly after departure it became apparent that Lady Nelson could not keep up with the larger and faster vessels in the convoy. Brunswick therefore took Lady Nelson in tow, but Grant became concerned that
2162-426: Was to come into effect on his arrival at Port Jackson, but when he arrived he found Supply had been condemned as unfit to proceed to sea. Grant: 'was therefore, to make use of a sailor's phrase, completely adrift.' Lady Nelson carried despatches to the Governor of New South Wales that included instructions on her future deployment. The instructions indicated that 'The survey of the southern or south-western coast of
2209-455: Was unusual in that she had three sliding keels, or centre-boards, that the crew could raise or lower individually. At the time there were several other vessels named Lady Nelson and this has led some authors to write that the vessel that is the subject of this article was employed on other duties before being sent to Australia. Philip Gidley King , who was in England in 1799, was aware of
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