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33-562: The Outerbridge Crossing , also known as the Outerbridge , is a cantilever bridge that spans the Arthur Kill between Perth Amboy , New Jersey , and Staten Island , New York . It carries New York State Route 440 and New Jersey Route 440 , with the two roads connecting at the state border at the river’s center. The Outerbridge Crossing is one of three vehicular bridges connecting New Jersey with Staten Island, and like

66-423: A balanced cantilever ; when they attach to a solid foundation, the counterbalancing arms are called anchor arms . Thus, in a bridge built on two foundation piers, there are four cantilever arms: two which span the obstacle, and two anchor arms that extend away from the obstacle. Because of the need for more strength at the balanced cantilever's supports, the bridge superstructure often takes the form of towers above

99-616: A 130-mile (210 km) stretch, from the Outerbridge Crossing in the south to the Rip Van Winkle Bridge in the north, were also changed to south- or eastbound-only at that time. In 2003, the Port Authority raised the speed limit for the three inner E-ZPass lanes at the toll plaza from 15 to 25 miles per hour (25 to 40 km/h), separating these lanes from the rest of the eight-lane toll plaza by

132-525: A barrier. Two years later, the tollbooths adjacent to the 25 mph E-ZPass lanes were removed and overhead gantries were installed with electronic tag readers to permit E-ZPass vehicles to travel at 45 miles per hour (70 km/h) in special high-speed lanes. Motorists using the high-speed E-ZPass lanes cannot use exit 1 to Page Avenue, which is located immediately after the toll plaza. Open road tolling began on April 24, 2019. The tollbooths were dismantled, and drivers are no longer able to pay cash at

165-505: A bridge that could handle differential settlement of the foundations. Engineers could more easily calculate the forces and stresses with a hinge in the girder. Heinrich Gerber was one of the engineers to obtain a patent for a hinged girder (1866) and is recognized as the first to build one. The Hassfurt Bridge over the Main river in Germany with a central span of 124 feet (38 metres)

198-529: A central computer which would calculate the charge according to the intersection and the time of day and add it to the car's bill. Norway has been the world's pioneer in the widespread implementation of this technology. ETC was first introduced in Bergen , in 1986, operating together with traditional tollbooths. The first major deployment of an RFID electronic toll collection system in the United States

231-467: A specified size and/or weight to access the toll road free of charge. In 1959, Nobel Economics Prize winner William Vickrey was the first to propose a system of electronic tolling for the Washington metropolitan area. He proposed that each car would be equipped with a transponder. The transponder's personalized signal would be picked up when the car passed through an intersection and then relayed to

264-446: Is a system that uses optical character recognition on images to read the license plates on vehicles. While the technology is most commonly used by law enforcement for cataloging vehicle movements and traffic enforcement, ANPR has also been used as a method of electronic toll collection. ANPR can be used in conjunction with transponder systems. If a transponder is not detected on a vehicle, a system of cameras located at each junction logs

297-402: Is available to support the tension in the upper chord of the span during construction, usually limiting this method to the spanning of narrow canyons. World's longest cantilever bridges (by longest span): Open road tolling Open road tolling ( ORT ), also called all-electronic tolling , cashless tolling , or free-flow tolling , is the collection of tolls on toll roads without

330-416: Is relatively limited (for example, targeting only commercial vehicles and other such flagrant and/or repeat offenders). Some toll operators prefer to simply write off leakage as an expense, especially if the costs associated with collection efforts are expected to exceed the additional tolls, fees and/or fines that will likely be collected, or alternatively allow vehicles that are privately operated and/or below

363-593: Is that the collected data can be abused by employees or stolen by computer hackers. This has led the police of Scotland to delete their collection of ANPR records in 2016. As ANPR is a new technology, its use is often not tightly regulated; it is unclear whether ANPR in Scotland complied with the UK data retention laws. All three tolled sections of New Zealand highways use ANPR. Tolls can be paid at selected gas stations, online, or by setting up an account. The following

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396-519: Is used on a number of different highway systems. Both methods aims to eliminate the delay on toll roads by collecting tolls electronically by electronically debiting the accounts of registered car owners without requiring them to stop. Transponders are a receiver-transmitter that will generate a reply signal upon proper electronic interrogation. Transponders are an adaptation of military identification friend or foe technology. Most current systems rely on radio-frequency identification, where an antenna at

429-465: The Navajo Bridge ) are built using pure cantilever spans from each side, with neither falsework below nor temporary supporting towers and cables above. These are then joined with a pin, usually after forcing the union point apart, and when jacks are removed and the bridge decking is added the bridge becomes a truss arch bridge . Such unsupported construction is only possible where appropriate rock

462-492: The "Staten Island Bridges Plan" ($ 7.69 per trip for cars at all times). Users with E-ZPass issued from agencies outside of New Jersey and New York are charged the tolls-by-mail rate. Tolls are only collected for eastbound traffic. Originally, tolls were collected in both directions. In August 1970, the toll was abolished for westbound drivers, and at the same time, eastbound drivers saw their tolls doubled. The tolls of eleven other New York–New Jersey and Hudson River crossings along

495-435: The 19th century understood that a bridge that was continuous across multiple supports would distribute the loads among them. This would result in lower stresses in the girder or truss and meant that longer spans could be built. Several 19th-century engineers patented continuous bridges with hinge points mid-span. The use of a hinge in the multi-span system presented the advantages of a statically determinate system and of

528-415: The action of the outer foundations. Cantilever Bridge.—A structure at least one portion of which acts as an anchorage for sustaining another portion which extends beyond the supporting pier. A simple cantilever span is formed by two cantilever arms extending from opposite sides of an obstacle to be crossed, meeting at the center. In a common variant, the suspended span , the cantilever arms do not meet in

561-726: The auspices of the Port of New York Authority, now the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey , which currently operates it. It opened simultaneously with the first Goethals Bridge on June 29, 1928. Both spans had similar designs prior to replacement of the Goethals with the current cable-stayed bridge in 2018. Neither bridge saw high traffic counts until the opening of the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge in 1964. Traffic counts on both bridges were also depressed due to

594-660: The bridge. Instead, there are cameras mounted onto new overhead gantries located on the Staten Island side. A vehicle without E-ZPass has a picture taken of its license plate and a bill for the toll is mailed to its owner. For E-ZPass users, sensors detect their transponders wirelessly. Cantilever bridge The steel truss cantilever bridge was a major engineering breakthrough when first put into practice, as it can span distances of over 1,500 feet (450 m), and can be more easily constructed at difficult crossings by virtue of using little or no falsework . Engineers in

627-423: The center; instead, they support a central truss bridge which rests on the ends of the cantilever arms. The suspended span may be built off-site and lifted into place, or constructed in place using special travelling supports. A common way to construct steel truss and prestressed concrete cantilever spans is to counterbalance each cantilever arm with another cantilever arm projecting the opposite direction, forming

660-643: The effects of the Great Depression and World War II . The Outerbridge Crossing has undergone numerous repairs as a result of the high volume of traffic that crosses the bridge each day. On October 11, 2013, the Port Authority announced the completion of the bridge's repaving project. On March 2, 2017, Port Authority Executive Director Patrick Foye announced the funding of a study into a potential replacement bridge. The Outerbridge Crossing carried 32,438,000 vehicles (both directions) in 2006, or approximately 90,000 each day. As of January 7, 2024,

693-473: The extent that without the presence of toll booths there is typically no physical means of preventing drivers who have no intention of paying the toll from accessing the road. Toll operators refer to such toll evasion as "leakage." To deter such behavior, toll operators can employ tools such as high-definition cameras to identify violators, and leakage can be offset in part or whole by fees and fines collected against offenders. However, in many cases such enforcement

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726-648: The foundation piers. The Commodore Barry Bridge is an example of this type of cantilever bridge. Steel truss cantilevers support loads by tension of the upper members and compression of the lower ones. Commonly, the structure distributes the tension via the anchor arms to the outermost supports, while the compression is carried to the foundations beneath the central towers. Many truss cantilever bridges use pinned joints and are therefore statically determinate with no members carrying mixed loads. Prestressed concrete balanced cantilever bridges are often built using segmental construction . Some steel arch bridges (such as

759-531: The others, is maintained and operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey . The others are the Bayonne Bridge (also carrying Route 440), which connects Staten Island with Bayonne , and the Goethals Bridge (carrying I-278 , which connects the island with Elizabeth ). Constructed from 1925 to 1928, the bridge was named for Eugenius Harvey Outerbridge , the first chairman of

792-431: The structural principles of the suspended span cantilever by sitting in chairs and supporting their colleague, Kaichi Watanabe , in between them, using just their arms and wooden poles. The suspended span, where Watanabe sits, is in the center. The wooden poles resist the compression of the lower chord , while the outstretched arms support the tension of the upper chord. The placement of the brick counterweights demonstrates

825-577: The then– Port of New York Authority and a resident of Staten Island. Rather than calling it the "Outerbridge Bridge", the span was labeled a "crossing". The bridge's etymology is sometimes incorrectly attributed to the fact that the Outerbridge Crossing is the most remote bridge in New York City and the southernmost crossing in New York state. The bridge is of a steel cantilever construction, designed by John Alexander Low Waddell and built under

858-421: The toll gate communicates with a transponder on the vehicle via dedicated short-range communications (DSRC). Some early systems used barcodes affixed to each vehicle, to be read optically at the toll booth. Optical systems proved to have poor reading reliability, especially when faced with inclement weather and dirty vehicles. Automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) or an automatic license plate reader (ALPR)

891-458: The tolls-by-mail rate going from New Jersey to New York City are $ 17.63 for cars and motorcycles; there is no toll for passenger vehicles going from New York City to New Jersey. New Jersey and New York–issued E-ZPass users are charged $ 13.38 for cars and $ 12.38 for motorcycles during off-peak hours, and $ 15.38 for cars and $ 14.38 for motorcycles during peak hours. Frequent users traveling more than three trips per month can receive discounts under

924-418: The use of toll booths . An electronic toll collection system is usually used instead. The major advantage to ORT is that users are able to drive through the toll plaza at highway speeds without having to slow down to pay the toll. In some installations, ORT may also reduce congestion at the plazas by allowing more vehicles per hour/per lane. The disadvantage to ORT is that it relies on the honor system to

957-495: The vehicle's unique identity and an invoice is mailed. The use of ANPR reduces fraud related to cash transactions or non-payment, makes charging effective, and reduces the amount of required manpower to enforce the toll road, but requires expensive computer software. However, ANPR usage raises questions over privacy and data protection . ANPR allows police to automatically compile vast databases of innocent road users' movements, thus invading their privacy. Another concern

990-461: The world using electronic toll collection technologies, and ORT has opened the feasibility to implement congestion pricing policies in urban areas. Collection of tolls on open toll roads is usually conducted through either the use of transponders or automatic plate recognition, the vast majority of which utilizes an overhead gantry system above the road. While rarely used as the primary vehicle identification method, automatic number plate recognition

1023-574: Was 275 feet (84 metres) deep and took full advantage of the fact that falsework, or temporary support, is not needed for the main span of a cantilever bridge. The Forth Bridge is a notable example of an early cantilever bridge. This bridge held the record for longest span in the world for twenty-nine years until it was surpassed by the Quebec Bridge . The engineers responsible for the bridge, Sir Benjamin Baker and Sir John Fowler , demonstrated

Outerbridge Crossing - Misplaced Pages Continue

1056-550: Was completed in 1867 and is recognized as the first modern cantilever bridge. The High Bridge of Kentucky by C. Shaler Smith (1877), the Niagara Cantilever Bridge by Charles Conrad Schneider (1883) and the Poughkeepsie Bridge by John Francis O'Rourke and Pomeroy P. Dickinson (1889) were all important early uses of the cantilever design. The Kentucky River Bridge spanned a gorge that

1089-709: Was the TollTag system used on the Dallas North Tollway , implemented in 1989 by Amtech . The first fully automated toll highway in the world, Ontario Highway 407 , opened in Canada on June 7, 1997. The highway managed to achieve this automation through the use of both RFID technology and automatic number-plate recognition . In September 1998, Singapore became the first city in the world to implement an electronic road toll collection system for purposes of congestion pricing . Today there are many roads around

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