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18-430: The commune itself is a significant railway junction served by local railway lines radiating in five directions. It is an agro-industrial and urban center for the surrounding region. Until the early 1990s, the majority of inhabitants were of German descent, but emigration has significantly reduced their numbers. Lovrin was documented in 1466 as Lóránthalma . Later it was also known as Lóránt or Lórántfalva . In 1529 it

36-503: A train shed for protection. A fire on 18 April 1859 resulted in one building being burnt down. All trains then used the 'up' platform (that built for trains towards Frome and London Paddington ) until the station was rebuilt in the 1880s. The GWR opened a locomotive depot at the station in September 1856, which operated until January 1959, when it was closed and the locomotives transferred to Yeovil Town depot. A connection between

54-460: A fairly simple layout of tracks suffices to allow trains to transfer from one route to the other. More complicated junctions are needed to permit trains to travel in either direction after joining the new route – for example by providing a triangular track layout. Rail transport operations refer to stations that lie on or near a railway junction as a junction station . In the UK it is customary for

72-428: A signal on 8 August 1913 and hit the rear of another passenger train. Two people were killed and ten injured. Yeovil Pen Mill has three platform faces but only two are in use. Platform 1 is used predominantly by trains heading north and platform 3 is used mostly by trains heading south to Weymouth. The former platform 2 is now unused; there is only a single track between platforms 1 and 2 but trains open their doors on

90-665: A similar purpose. The capacity of the junctions limits the capacity of a railway network more than the capacity of individual railway lines . This applies more as the network density increases. Measures to improve junctions are often more useful than building new railway lines. The capacity of a railway junction can be increased with improved signaling measures, by building points suitable for higher speeds, or by turning level junctions into flying junctions , where tracks are grade-separated , and so one track passes over or under another. With more complicated junctions such construction can rapidly become very expensive, especially if space

108-555: Is one of two railway stations that serve the town of Yeovil , Somerset , England. It is situated just under a mile to the east of the town centre. The station is located 59.5 miles (96 km) south of Bristol Temple Meads , on the Heart of Wessex Line . It is managed by Great Western Railway , who operate services along with South Western Railway . The station was opened by the Great Western Railway (GWR) as part of

126-439: Is restricted by tunnels , bridges or inner-city tracks. The installation of junctions into a rail system poses many challenges, including increased maintenance costs, and problems in on-time performance. Metro rail systems have a rail network design where the number of junctions is minimized. Passengers, and not trains, move from one train station to another. Yeovil Pen Mill railway station Yeovil Pen Mill

144-399: Is unknown. Junction (rail) A junction , in the context of rail transport , is a place at which two or more rail routes converge or diverge. The physical connection between the tracks of the two routes (assuming they are of the same gauge) is provided by turnouts (US: switches ) and signalling . In a simple case where two routes with one or two tracks each meet at a junction,

162-510: The Wilts, Somerset and Weymouth route on 1 September 1856. The route was completed to Weymouth on 20 January 1857. The Bristol and Exeter Railway 's (B&ER) line from Taunton , which initially terminated at Yeovil Hendford , was extended to connect with the GWR at Yeovil Pen Mill from 2 February 1857. Both these lines were built using the 7 ft ( 2,134 mm ) broad gauge . The GWR line

180-404: The 2002 census. Most inhabitants were Romanians (88.4%), larger minorities being represented by Roma (3.41%), Germans (2.36%), and Hungarians (1.27%). For 3.41% of the population, ethnicity was unknown. By religion, most inhabitants are Orthodox (79.34%), but there are also minorities of Roman Catholics (8.25%) and Pentecostals (7.88%). For 3.57% of the population, religious affiliation

198-473: The GWR line and the Southern Railway line to Exeter was established during World War II to allow trains direct access between Yeovil Junction and Yeovil Pen Mill. This was opened on 13 October 1943 and offered a new route for trains of war materials as well as a diversion route in the event of bomb damage. A passenger train, hauled by GWR City Class 4-4-0 No. 3710 City of Bath , overran

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216-525: The agrarian reform of 1945. Between 1951 and 1956, 434 people were deported from Lovrin to the Bărăgan Plain . After 1989–1991, most of the remaining Germans emigrated, their place being taken by the Romanian population. Ethnic composition (2011) Religious composition (2011) Lovrin had a population of 2,866 inhabitants at the 2021 census . At the 2011 census , it had 3,223 inhabitants, down 10% from

234-571: The battles against the Turks. General Lipthay built a mansion here that still bears his name today. Lovrin experienced an industrial boom in the 19th century, several small factories opening here. Some of them include the brewery (1846–1870), the iron foundry (1924–1944) and the dressing factory. Between 1940 and 1944, canned vegetables were fabricated for the Wehrmacht ; the factory was closed immediately after 1944. The German majority remained until

252-465: The junction (and the related station) to be named after the next station on the branch, e.g. Yeovil Junction is on the mainline railway south of Yeovil , and the next destination on the branch is Yeovil Pen Mill . Frequently, trains are built up and taken apart (separated) at such stations so that the same train can be divided and proceed to multiple destinations. For goods trains (US: freight trains), marshalling yards (US: Classification yards ) serve

270-525: The platform 1 side. Great Western Railway operate the majority of services at Pen Mill on their route between Weymouth and Gloucester , via Bristol Temple Meads . South Western Railway operate a few services between London Waterloo and Pen Mill, some via Yeovil Junction and others via Westbury . The town is also served by Yeovil Junction , around two miles away, on the West of England Main Line ; it

288-502: Was converted to what become the 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ( 1,435 mm ) standard gauge in June 1874. The B&ER line was mixed and had trains of both gauges from 12 November 1868 but broad gauge trains ceased operation after 30 June 1879 by which time the B&;ER had been taken over by the GWR. The station originally had two platforms, one for each direction, with

306-499: Was looted by the Turks, which led to the refuge of the population for a while. In 1564 the village is recorded as private property of the bishop of Cenad . It began to be repopulated and was inhabited by Serbs who were still living here in 1582. A period of decline followed again, with the settlement almost deserted. The repopulation took place only after 1760. At that time Lovrin was part of the Nagykikinda District and

324-631: Was subject to the military administration that had been established in Banat after the expulsion of the Turks in 1717. Bulgarian settlers first came here, who changed its name to Lovrinac . Between 1785–1792, the first German colonizations are recorded, with Swabians brought from Cenad and other Banat localities. They have received numerous privileges to indigenous peoples, which is why communities of Serbs and Bulgarians were forced to leave. In 1792, Lovrin, along with Gottlob , were gifted by Emperor Leopold II to General Anton Lipthay , for special merits in

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