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60-616: The Lower Manhattan Development Corporation was formed in November 2001 by then- Governor George Pataki and then- Mayor Rudolph Giuliani . The LMDC is a joint State-City corporation governed by a 16-member Board of Directors , half appointed by the Governor of New York and half by the Mayor of New York . As a result, Pataki and Giuliani appointees dominate the LMDC. Its original chairman

120-541: A Republican governor and 23 states with a Democratic governor. Four Democrats (including the Mayor of the District of Columbia ), one Independent, and one New Progressive also occupy territorial governorships or mayorships. No independent and other third parties currently hold a state governorship. For each term, governors serve four years in office. The exceptions are Vermont and New Hampshire where tenures are two years long. The longest-serving current governor

180-438: A blanket primary against each other. Regardless of political party, the top two candidates move on to the general election. In Louisiana, the general election occurs between the top two candidates if no candidate obtains more than 50% of the votes cast, and is cancelled if one of the candidates receives more than 50%. In California and Washington, the top two vote getters proceed to the general election regardless of how many votes

240-534: A "reinvigorated LMDC" that would continue the revitalization of Lower Manhattan. Mayor Bloomberg welcomed the Governor's renewed interest at the time. However, in September 2008, Mayor Bloomberg condemned the LMDC as a contributor to a slower progress in rebuilding and he demanded dissolution of the LMDC. Governor of New York See also: [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The governor of New York

300-475: A 1996 referendum. In 47 of the 50 states, whenever there is a vacancy of one of the state's U.S. Senate seats, that state's governor has the power to appoint someone to fill the vacancy until a special election is held; the governors of Oregon , Alaska , and Wisconsin do not have this power. A state governor may give an annual State of the State address in order to satisfy a constitutional stipulation that

360-583: A considerable role in legislation. The governor may also have additional roles, such as that of commander-in-chief of the state's National Guard (when not federalized) and of that state's respective defense force (which is not subject to federalization). In many states and territories the governor also has partial or absolute power to commute or pardon a criminal sentence . All U.S. governors serve four-year terms except those in New Hampshire and Vermont , who serve two-year terms. In all states,

420-460: A governor has strong budget controls, appointment authority, and veto powers are examples of institutional powers. In colonial North America, governors were chosen in a variety of ways, depending on how the colony was organized. In the crown colonies of Great Britain, France, and Spain, the governor was chosen by the ruling monarch of the colonizing power, or his designees; in British colonies,

480-399: A governor must report annually (or in older constitutions described as being "from time to time") on the state or condition of the state. Governors of states may also perform ceremonial roles, such as greeting dignitaries, conferring state decorations, issuing symbolic proclamations or attending the state fair . The governor may also have an official residence (see Governor's Mansion ). In

540-400: A higher salary than the $ 174,000 paid to members of Congress. In many states, the governor is not the highest-paid state employee; most often, that distinction is held by the head football or men's basketball coach at a major state university. All states except Louisiana hold gubernatorial elections on the first Tuesday following the first Monday in November. The earliest possible date for

600-468: A list of names submitted by a nominations committee. All with the exception of four states and one territory ( Maine , New Hampshire , Oregon , Puerto Rico , and Wyoming ) have a lieutenant governor . The lieutenant governor succeeds to the gubernatorial office (the powers and duties but not the office, in Massachusetts and West Virginia ), if vacated by impeachment, death, or resignation of

660-580: A major party, four of whom ( Martin Van Buren , Grover Cleveland , Theodore Roosevelt , and Franklin D. Roosevelt ) were elected as President of the United States . Meanwhile, six New York governors have gone on to serve as vice president . Additionally, two New York governors, John Jay and Charles Evans Hughes , have served as chief justice . The governor is responsible for appointing their Executive Chamber. These appointments do not require

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720-465: A ranking of the power of the governorship in all 50 states, University of North Carolina political scientist Thad Beyle makes the distinction between "personal powers" of governors, which are factors that vary from person to person, season to season – and the "institutional powers" that are set in place by law. Examples of measurable personal factors are how large a governor's margin of victory was on election day, and standing in public opinion polls. Whether

780-403: A reduction in their salary instead of refusing it entirely. New York Governor Andrew Cuomo took a 5 percent reduction in his salary in 2015, and Kentucky Governor Steve Beshear reduced his salary by 10 percent during the same year. Only nine states (Massachusetts, California, Illinois, New York, New Jersey, Michigan, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, and Virginia) currently offer their governors

840-400: A variety of tools, among them executive orders , executive budgets, and legislative proposals and vetoes. Governors carry out their management and leadership responsibilities and objectives with the support and assistance of department and agency heads, many of whom they are empowered to appoint. A majority of governors have the authority to appoint state court judges as well, in most cases from

900-575: Is Jay Inslee of Washington , who was re-elected to his third term in 2020. The longest-serving governor of all time was Terry Branstad of Iowa , who was elected to his sixth (non-consecutive) term in 2014 . Governor Branstad resigned on May 24, 2017, to become the United States Ambassador to China. He held the title of Governor of Iowa for 22 years. On December 14, 2015, he became the longest-serving governor in US history, breaking

960-518: Is also charged with naming the heads of the various departments, divisions, boards, and offices within the state government. These nominees require confirmation by the state Senate. While some appointees may share the title of commissioner , director , etc., only department level-heads are considered members of the actual state cabinet, although the heads of the various divisions, boards, and offices may attend cabinet-level meetings from time to time. The Constitution of New York has provided since 1777 for

1020-629: Is black, Michelle Lujan Grisham of New Mexico , who is of Hispanic descent; Chris Sununu of New Hampshire , who is of Lebanese, Palestinian, Latin American, Irish and British descent; and Kevin Stitt of Oklahoma , who is a member of the Cherokee Nation . Sununu and Stitt are Republicans , while Grisham and Moore are Democrats . Among the five U.S. territories, one Hispanic ( Pedro Pierluisi of Puerto Rico ), one Black ( Albert Bryan of

1080-507: Is directly elected every four years, in years when there is no presidential election. The governor is required to be a United States citizen and a resident of New York for five years preceding their election. No person can be elected as governor under the age of thirty. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the New York State Legislature , to convene

1140-535: Is the head of government of the U.S. state of New York . The governor is the head of the executive branch of New York's state government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the New York Legislature , to convene the legislature and grant pardons , except in cases of impeachment and treason . The governor of New York

1200-562: Is the highest paid governor in the country. The current governor is Kathy Hochul , a member of the Democratic Party who took office on August 24, 2021, following the resignation of Andrew Cuomo . She was elected to a full term in 2022. The position of governor in New York dates back to the British take over of New Amsterdam where the position replaced the former Dutch offices of director or director-general. The governor

1260-1070: Is the only state with an older minimum age requirement, age 31 years old or older. Some states require the governor to be a qualified elector/voter, implying a minimum age of 18. Vermont requires candidates to be residents of the state for at least four years as of Election Day, which would preclude small children from running, but has no other implicit or explicit age limit. As of January 2023, there are 38 male state governors. The 12 female governors are: Kay Ivey of Alabama , Katie Hobbs of Arizona , Sarah Huckabee Sanders of Arkansas , Kim Reynolds of Iowa , Laura Kelly of Kansas , Janet Mills of Maine , Maura Healey of Massachusetts , Gretchen Whitmer of Michigan , Michelle Lujan Grisham of New Mexico , Kathy Hochul of New York , Tina Kotek of Oregon , and Kristi Noem of South Dakota . Of those, Ivey, Huckabee Sanders, Noem, and Reynolds are Republicans , while Hobbs, Kelly, Mills, Healey, Whitmer, Grisham, Hochul, and Kotek are Democrats . Four territorial governors are male; one territorial governor and

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1320-680: The Board of Trade was often the primary decision maker. Colonies based on a corporate charter, such as the Connecticut Colony and the Massachusetts Bay Colony , elected their own governors based on rules spelled out in the charter or other colonial legislation. In proprietary colonies , such as the Province of Carolina before it became a crown colony (and was divided into North and South ), governors were chosen by

1380-565: The LGBTQ community: Jared Polis (Colorado), who is gay, and Tina Kotek (Oregon) and Maura Healey (Massachusetts) who are lesbians. Ethnic minorities as defined by the United States Census currently constitute 38.9% of the total population of the U.S. as of 2018. There are currently 46 state governors who are non-Hispanic whites of European American background. There are 4 minority governors: Wes Moore of Maryland , who

1440-704: The Lords Proprietor who controlled the colony. In the early years of the American Revolutionary War , eleven of the Thirteen Colonies evicted (with varying levels of violence) royal and proprietary governors. The other two colonies ( Connecticut and Rhode Island ) had corporate charters; Connecticut Governor Jonathan Trumbull was governor before and during the war period, while in Rhode Island, Governor Joseph Wanton

1500-1466: The Reconstruction era . Thirteen of the current state governors were born outside the state they are serving: Mike Dunleavy of Alaska (born in Pennsylvania), Ned Lamont of Connecticut (born in Washington, D.C.), Josh Green of Hawaii (born in New York), J. B. Pritzker of Illinois (born in California), Laura Kelly of Kansas (born in New York), Maura Healey of Massachusetts (born in Maryland), Tim Walz of Minnesota (born in Nebraska), Greg Gianforte of Montana (born in California), Joe Lombardo of Nevada (born in Japan), Phil Murphy of New Jersey (born in Massachusetts), Kevin Stitt of Oklahoma (born in Florida), Tina Kotek of Oregon (born in Pennsylvania), Josh Shapiro of Pennsylvania (born in Missouri), and Mark Gordon of Wyoming (born in New York). One governor, Joe Lombardo of Nevada,

1560-583: The U.S. Virgin Islands ), and three Pacific Islander Americans ( Lou Leon Guerrero of Guam , Lemanu Peleti Mauga of American Samoa , and Arnold Palacios of the Northern Mariana Islands ) currently serve as governor. African-American Muriel Bowser is the current Mayor of the District of Columbia , an office equivalent to a governor. In 1990, Douglas Wilder of Virginia became the first African-American governor of any state since

1620-478: The United States , a governor serves as the chief executive and commander-in-chief in each of the fifty states and in the five permanently inhabited territories , functioning as head of state and head of government therein. While like all officials in the United States, checks and balances are placed on the office of the governor, significant powers may include ceremonial head of state (representing

1680-678: The West Thames Street pedestrian bridge . In 2023, LMDC announced plans for the final wind down in early 2024 after years of discussion and staff cuts. It will remain in existence as a conduit for grants, however, including for the PAC NYC , and waterfront rehabilitation efforts. LMDC does not own the World Trade Center site although it partners with the Port Authority on some elements of development. The LMDC

1740-515: The federal government of the United States, and possess a number of powers and rights under the United States Constitution , such as regulating intrastate commerce, holding elections , creating local governments , and ratifying constitutional amendments . Each state has its own constitution , grounded in republican principles , and government, consisting of three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. Also, due to

1800-510: The acting capacity for a short time. Arizona was the first state where a woman followed another woman as governor (they were from different parties). Arizona also has had the most female governors with a total of five, and is the first state to have three women in a row serve as governor. Washington was the first state to have both a female governor and female U.S. Senators serving at the same time ( Christine Gregoire ; Patty Murray ; Maria Cantwell , respectively), from 2005 to 2013. New Hampshire

1860-420: The age of 29. When future President Bill Clinton was elected Governor of Arkansas in 1978 at age 32, he became the youngest governor since Harold Stassen of Minnesota , elected in 1938 at age 31. In 35 states, the minimum age requirement of the governor is age 30 years old or older, though in some it is age 25 years old or older (7), age 21 years old or older (1), or age 18 years old or older (5). Oklahoma

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1920-657: The confirmation of the New York State Senate . Most political advisors report to the secretary to the governor, while most policy advisors report to the director of state operations, who also answers to the secretary to the governor, making that position, in practice, the true chief of staff and most powerful position in the Cabinet. The actual "chief of staff" is in charge of the Office of Scheduling and holds no authority over other cabinet officials. The governor

1980-409: The election is therefore November 2 (if that date falls on a Tuesday), and the latest possible date is November 8 (if November 1 falls on a Tuesday). Louisiana holds its gubernatorial primary on the third or fourth Saturday of October and the general election (commonly referred to as the runoff within the state) on the third Saturday of November, but the general election is cancelled if one candidate wins

2040-482: The election of a lieutenant governor of New York , who also acts as president of the State Senate, to the same term (keeping the same term lengths as the governor throughout all the constitutional revisions). Originally, in the event of the death, resignation or impeachment of the governor, or absence from the state, the lieutenant governor would take on the governor's duties and powers. Since the 1938 constitution,

2100-518: The first governor of the state of Michigan when it was admitted to the Union in January 1837, when he was 25. Mason was re-elected in November 1837, then age 26. The second youngest governor ever elected was Henry C. Warmoth of Louisiana , who was elected during reconstruction in 1868 at the age of 26. The third youngest governor was William Sprague IV of Rhode Island , who was elected in 1860 at

2160-532: The future 5 World Trade Center continued to develop. Two members of the LMDC's board have asserted that up to $ 45 million allocated to the LMDC from a "community enhancement" fund in May 2005 has not been directly accounted for, and that up to $ 15 million from that stipend might have been spent in areas other than those it had been explicitly stipulated for. Former Attorney General Democrat Eliot Spitzer became governor in 2007, rethought his condemnation, and announced

2220-575: The governor gets to choose (prior to the election) who would be their lieutenant governor. With the notable exception of Kansas, each of the states specifies in its constitution its qualifications for Governor. "The governor shall not hold any other office or position of profit under the United States, the State, or its political subdivisions." "May not hold any federal office, any civil or military commission, any office in another state, or any other office in Arkansas." hold any federal office, be

2280-525: The governor is directly elected, and in most cases has considerable practical powers, though this may be moderated by the state legislature and in some cases by other elected executive officials. In the five extant U.S. territories, all governors are now directly elected as well, though in the past many territorial governors were historically appointed by the President of the United States. Governors can veto state bills, and in all but seven states they have

2340-571: The governor of a state has either refused their salary in its entirety or instead only taken $ 1.00 per year. Alabama Governor Robert J. Bentley refused his yearly salary of $ 119,950.00 until the state reached full employment. Michigan Governor Rick Snyder took a $ 1.00 yearly salary. Texas Governor Greg Abbott has returned his salary to the state during each year he has held office. During his tenure as Governor of California , Arnold Schwarzenegger also did not accept his salary of $ 170,000 per year. However, several governors instead have decided to take

2400-467: The legislature, and to grant pardons , except in cases of treason and impeachment . Unlike the other government departments that compose the executive branch of government, the governor is the head of the state Executive Department . The officeholder is afforded the courtesy style of His/Her Excellency while in office. Often considered a potential candidate for U.S. president , ten New York governors have been selected as presidential candidates by

2460-407: The lieutenant governor explicitly becomes governor upon such vacancy in the office. Should the office of lieutenant governor become vacant, the temporary president of the state senate performs the duties of a lieutenant governor until the governor can take back the duties of the office, or the next election; likewise, should both offices become vacant, the temporary president acts as governor, with

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2520-421: The mayor of Washington, D.C. are female. Forty-three women have served or are currently serving as state or territorial governors, including two in an acting capacity. The first female governor was Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming (widow of the late Wyoming Governor William B. Ross ) who was elected on November 4, 1924, and sworn in on January 5, 1925, succeeding Frank Lucas . Also elected on November 4, 1924,

2580-548: The office of lieutenant governor remaining vacant. Although no provision exists in the constitution for it, precedent set in 2009 allows the governor to appoint a lieutenant governor should a vacancy occur. Should the temporary president be unable to fulfill the duties, the speaker of the assembly is next in the line of succession. The lieutenant governor is elected on the same ticket as the governor, but nominated separately. Line of succession: Governor (United States) ( Alabama to Missouri , Montana to Wyoming ) In

2640-467: The power of the line-item veto on appropriations bills (a power the President does not have). In some cases legislatures can override a gubernatorial veto by a two-thirds vote, in others by three-fifths. In Alabama , Indiana , Kentucky , and Tennessee , the governor's veto can be overridden by a simple majority vote. In Arkansas , a gubernatorial veto may be overridden by an absolute majority . The governor of North Carolina had no veto power until

2700-438: The previous governor. Lieutenant governors also serve as unofficial acting state governors in case the incumbent governors are unable to fulfill their duties, and they often serve as presiding officers of the upper houses of state legislatures. In such cases, they cannot participate in political debates, and they have no vote whenever these houses are not equally divided. States are semi-sovereign republics sharing sovereignty with

2760-401: The primary outright (see primary section below). The other 48 states hold gubernatorial elections every four years. All states except for California, Louisiana, and Washington hold primaries in which each political party holds a primary election, and the winner of the primary election moves on to compete in a general election. In California, Louisiana, and Washington, all the candidates run in

2820-408: The record held by George Clinton of New York , who served 21 years from 1777 to 1795 and from 1801 to 1804. In the majority of states and territories, term limit laws officially cap a governor's tenure. The oldest current governor is Kay Ivey of Alabama , born on ( 1944-10-15 ) October 15, 1944 (age 80) . The youngest current state governor is Sarah Huckabee Sanders of Arkansas who

2880-431: The shared sovereignty between each state and the federal government , Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside . The governor heads the government's executive branch in each state or territory and, depending on the individual jurisdiction, may have considerable control over government budgeting, the power of appointment of many officials (including many judges), and

2940-463: The state), executive (overseeing the state's government), legislative (proposing, and signing or vetoing laws), judicial (granting state law pardons or commutations), and military (overseeing the militia and organized armed forces of the state). As such, governors are responsible for implementing state laws and overseeing the operation of the state executive branch . As state leaders, governors advance and pursue new and revised policies and programs using

3000-401: The top vote getter received in the primary, and California prohibits write-in candidates from competing in the general election. In most states, governors can serve two four-year terms. The type of relationship between the governor and the lieutenant governor greatly varies by state. In some states the governor and lieutenant governor are completely independent of each other, while in others

3060-643: The winning design in January 2004. Having distributed its funds, the LMDC in July 2006 announced plans to dissolve and transfer its responsibilities to other existing agencies and foundations, including the W.T.C. Memorial Foundation , and the Lower Manhattan Construction Command Center. However a settlement following the fire at the Deutsche Bank Building allowed them funding for future projects including

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3120-650: Was John C. Whitehead , a former Deputy Secretary of State and head of Goldman Sachs . One of its first projects was the granting of more than $ 40 million for parks and green space. In February 2003, the LMDC chose Daniel Libeskind 's master plan for the reconstruction of the World Trade Center complex. The organization also sponsored the international design competition for the World Trade Center Memorial , which resulted in Michael Arad and Peter Walker's Reflecting Absence being chosen as

3180-555: Was Miriam A. Ferguson of Texas (wife of former Texas Governor James E. Ferguson ), succeeding Pat Morris Neff on January 21, 1925. The first female governor elected without being the wife or widow of a past state governor was Ella T. Grasso of Connecticut , elected in 1974 and sworn in on January 8, 1975. Connecticut , Arizona , and New Mexico are the only three states to have elected female governors from both major parties. New Hampshire has also had female governors from two parties, but Republican Vesta M. Roy served only in

3240-422: Was acting governor of Arkansas for eleven days in January 1975, and David Paterson , who was governor of New York from 2008 until 2010. The current governor of Texas, Greg Abbott , has been paraplegic since an accident in 1984; he has used a wheelchair ever since. Governor of New York Franklin D. Roosevelt was paraplegic; he later became the first wheelchair-using president. Governor of Alabama George Wallace

3300-561: Was born on ( 1982-08-13 ) August 13, 1982 (age 42) . Among territorial governors, Albert Bryan of the United States Virgin Islands is the youngest, born on ( 1968-02-21 ) February 21, 1968 (age 56) . The youngest person to ever serve as a governor in the United States was Stevens T. Mason of the Michigan Territory , first elected in 1835 having just turned 24. Mason would later become

3360-475: Was born outside the United States (born in Sapporo, Japan). State constitutions have varying requirements for the length of citizenship and residency of the governor but unlike the President, state governors do not need to be natural-born citizens . There is some ambiguity in some state constitutions if a governor must be a citizen or just a resident. Two legally blind governors have served: Bob C. Riley , who

3420-497: Was funded through the disbursement of Community Development Block Grants -amounting to $ 2.783 billion—approved by the federal government in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks and resultant destruction of much of lower Manhattan's economic and structural base. It was not listed in the New York State Authorities Budget Office 's 2018 annual report, but remains in operation as of 2019 as plans for

3480-407: Was paralyzed from the waist down after being shot in 1972. He never walked again. The average salary of a state governor in 2009 was $ 124,398. The highest salary currently being accepted is that of New York Governor Kathy Hochul at $ 225,000. The lowest salaries are those of Maine Governor Janet Mills and Pedro Pierluisi of Puerto Rico at $ 70,000 each. There have been several instances where

3540-733: Was removed from office in 1775 for failing to support the rebel war effort. Before achieving statehood, many of the 50 states were territories or parts of territories. Administered by the federal government, they had governors who were appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate rather than elected by the resident population. Election of territorial governors began in Puerto Rico in 1948. The last appointed territorial governor, Hyrum Rex Lee in American Samoa , left office in 1978. As of January 2024, there are 27 states with

3600-524: Was the first and currently only state to have a female governor and entirely female Congressional delegation serving at the same time, from 2013 to 2015. Twelve women have been serving as chief executive of their states since January 10, 2023, when Sarah Huckabee Sanders was inaugurated as the first female governor of Arkansas . This beats the record of eleven set just days earlier following Maura Healey 's inauguration as Governor of Massachusetts on January 5, 2023. There are currently three governors from

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