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34-612: The city of Locri in Calabria ( Italy ), also known in antiquity as "Epizephyrian Locris", was a colony founded by the Locrians in Magna Graecia . There is some disagreement over whether it was those from Opuntian Locris or from Ozolian Locris who were responsible. The territory of the Locrians was divided into three by Doris and Phocis , perhaps due to an early invasion of a contiguous Locrian state. This fact, combined with

68-569: A criminal and civil court, a revenue agency, a police station, travel agencies, three post offices (two of which have ATM facilities), banks, the State Archive, the City Hall (built in 1880), trade unions, the bishop's office, several Catholic churches, and an Indian and an Evangelical church. The city is also home to the most important hospital of the area, an emergency medical service, many private doctors, and three pharmacies. There are in

102-474: A hillside slope. The original structure had space for more than 4,500 people; now only the central part of the theatre is visible. Part of the Cavea was cut into the rocks. Each plane was divided in 7 wedges between 6 scales. A horizontal separation divided the upper theater from the lower theatre. In 1982, the exquisite and famous Ludovisi Throne , found reused in the ancient Roman gardens of Sallust in 1887,

136-404: A wide range of sports, including soccer, basketball, volleyball, tennis, swimming, snorkeling, fishing and diving, and, because there is nearby hilly and mountainous terrain, trekking and hiking are further options. Finally, being a seaside city, Locri can offer enjoyable walks on the sea-front boulevard or on the beach and in the summer months it plays host to an assortment of beach-side lidos. In

170-477: Is the river which flows from the modern village of Proskyná . The Opuntian Gulf, at the head of which stood the town of Opus, is a considerable bay, shallow at its inner extremity. In this bay, close to the coast, is the small island of Atalanta . The Eastern Locrians, are mentioned by Homer , who describes them as following Ajax , the son of Oïleus , to the Trojan War in forty ships, and as inhabiting

204-636: Is well connected to all regional and national towns and cities by train, shuttle, taxi, and bus. The A2 autoroute makes Locri easy to reach by car, too. Sicily is accessible by ferry boat from Villa San Giovanni or Reggio Calabria, both of which are a car or a train journey away from Locri. There are several hotels, residences, hostels, and bed&breakfast establishments where tourists and visitors can find comfortable accommodation for their stay. The Tourist Information Centre can offer assistance and information on matters of accommodation. In Locri, you can find many administrative bodies and public services, such as

238-594: The National Museum of Magna Græcia in Reggio Calabria. Locrian pinakes represent one of the most significant categories of objects from Magna Graecia, both as documents of religious practice and as works of art. In the iconography of votive plaques at Locri, her abduction and marriage to Hades served as an emblem of the marital state, children at Locri were dedicated to Persephone, and maidens about to be wed brought their peplos to be blessed. During

272-718: The Costa dei Gelsomini , or Jasmine Coast, one of the wildest coastlines of Italy. Locri, with over 12,000 inhabitants, is an important administrative and cultural centre on the Ionian Coast, in the Italian Province of Reggio Calabria. The town is easily reached by plane; in fact, it is only 90 minutes away from the International Airport of Lamezia Terme and from the Airport of Reggio Calabria. Locri

306-584: The Locrians , apparently by Opuntii (East Locrians) from the city of Opus , but including Ozolae (West Locrians) and Lacedaemonians . Its Latin name, Locri , is the plural of the Latin Locrus , which was used both to mean an inhabitant of Locris and the eponymous ancestor of the Locrians . Strabo suggests that the Ozolian Locrians were the principal founders, while Ephorus held that

340-607: The Ionian Coast and within its province. Epizephyrian Locris or Locri Epizephyrii ( Ancient Greek : Λοκροί Ἐπιζεφύριοι , romanized :  Lokroí Epizephúrioi ; from the plural of Λοκρός ( Lokros , "a Locrian"), ἐπί ( epí , "on"), Ζέφυρος ( Zéphuros , " West Wind "), thus "the Western Locrians") was founded about 680 BC on the Italian shore of the Ionian Sea , near modern Capo Zefirio, by

374-482: The Locri was a colony of Opuntian Locris . Due to fierce winds at an original settlement, the settlers moved to the present site. After a century, a defensive wall was built. Outside the city there are several necropoleis , some of which are very large. Its renowned lawgiver Zaleucus decreed that anyone who proposed a change in the laws should do so with a noose about their neck, with which they should be hanged if

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408-535: The Opuntian Locrians from the north-eastern parts of Boeotia. Lateral branches extended from these mountains to the coast, of which one terminated in the promontory Cnemides , opposite the islands called Lichades ; but there were several fruitful valleys, and the fertility of the whole of the Locrian coast is praised both by ancient and modern observers. In consequence of the proximity of the mountains to

442-585: The Pyrrhic Wars (280-275 BC) fought between Pyrrhus of Epirus and Rome , Locris accepted a Roman garrison and fought against the Epirote king. However, the city changed sides numerous times during the war. Bronze tablets from the treasury of its Olympeum, a temple to Zeus , record payments to a 'king', generally thought to be Pyrrhus. Despite this, Pyrrhus plundered the temple of Persephone at Locris before his return to Epirus, an event which would live on in

476-457: The amendment did not pass. Plato called it "The flower of Italy", due to the local peoples' characteristics. Locris was the site of two great sanctuaries, that of Persephone and of Aphrodite . Perhaps uniquely, Persephone was worshiped as protector of marriage and childbirth, a role usually assumed by Hera , and Diodorus Siculus knew the temple there as the most illustrious in Italy. In

510-682: The area in 426 BC, causing significant damage. The cities and towns of the Locri Epicnemidii, along the coast from north to south, were: Alpenus , Nicaea , Scarphe (Scarpheia), Thronium , Cnemis (Cnemides), more inland, Tarphe later Pharygae , and Augeiae . The cities and towns of the Locri Opuntii, along the coast from north to south, were: Alope , Kynos , Opus , Halae , Larymna which later belonged to Boeotia, more inland, Calliarus , Naryx , and Corseia . [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from

544-488: The area is part of Aetolia-Acarnania and Phocis . The main towns of Opuntia Locris were Opus and Larymna . Today, Opuntian Locris is part of modern Phthiotis . The main towns of Epicnemidian Locris were Nicaea and Thronium. Today, Epicnemidian Locris is part of modern Phthiotis. The province of Locris ( Greek : Επαρχία Λοκρίδας ) was one of the provinces of the Phthiotis Prefecture. Its capital

578-700: The coast there was no room for any considerable rivers. The largest, which, however, is only a mountain torrent, is the Boagrius ( Βοάγριος ), called also Manes ( Μάνης ) by Strabo, rising in Mount Cnemis, and flowing into the sea between Scarpheia and Thronium . The only other river mentioned by name is the Platanius , a small stream, which flows into the Opuntian gulf near the Boeotian frontier: it

612-400: The early centuries Locris was allied with Sparta , and later with Syracuse . It founded two colonies of its own, Hipponion and Medma . During the 5th century BC , votive pinakes in terracotta were often dedicated as offerings to the goddess, made in series and painted with bright colors, animated by scenes connected to the myth of Persephone. Many of these pinakes are now on display in

646-528: The eastern division of the Locrians , the so-called tribe of the Locri Epicnemidii ( Greek : Λοκροὶ Ἐπικνημίδιοι ) or Locri Opuntii (Greek: Λοκροὶ Ὀπούντιοι ). Opuntian Locris consisted of a narrow slip upon the eastern coast of central Greece, from the pass of Thermopylae to the mouth of the river Cephissus . The northern frontier town was Alpeni , which bordered upon the Malians , and

680-452: The first half of the fifth century BC, the Locrians demolished their archaic temple and rebuilt a new temple in the Ionic style . The temple was designed by Syracusan architects around 470 BC, based on the idea of Hiero I of Syracuse . The new temple occupies the same place as the previous one but it has a different orientation. The temple was destroyed in the 11th century. The dimensions of

714-549: The locality several state schools – including Elementary Schools, High Schools, Lyceums, and Vocational Schools – as well as private schools and two private English language schools . The city boasts a National Museum and an Archaeological Park, two cinemas, two cultural centres, a theatre, and a library. In Locri you will find many shops, restaurants, pizzerias, fast food outlets, pubs, bars, cafeterias, patisseries, farm restaurants, fruit and vegetable market halls, florists, supermarkets, and shopping malls. You also have facilities for

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748-577: The memory of the Greeks of Italy. At the end of the war, perhaps to allay fears about its loyalty, Locris minted coins depicting a seated Rome being crowned by 'Pistis', a goddess personifying good faith and loyalty, and returned to the Roman fold. The city was abandoned in the 5th century AD . The town was finally destroyed by the Saracens in 915. The survivors fled inland about 10 kilometres (6 mi) to

782-761: The metropolis of the Epicnemidii (ix. p. 416); and the same is confirmed by Pliny (iv. 7. s. 12) and Stephanus . In the Persian War the Opuntian Locrians fought with Leonidas at the Battle of Thermopylae , and also sent seven ships to the Greek fleet. The Locrians fought on the side of Sparta in the Peloponnesian War . The Locri Opuntii also minted coins in antiquity, some of which survive. A number of authors refer to earthquakes which occurred in

816-788: The north of Phocis was Epicnemidian Locris , situated near the pass of Thermopylae . The Opuntian Locris and the Epicnemidian Locris are often regarded as one people, separate in customs and integration to the Hellenic culture from the Ozolian Locris, considered as the less civilised of the two. The territories of the Opuntian Locris and the Epicnemidian Locris were not a continuous unit but were separated from one another by Phocis and Doris . The main towns of Ozolian Locris were Amphissa and Naupactus . Today,

850-511: The region's infertility, meant that the Locrians tended to be dominated by their neighbours, and played little part in Greek history. To the south-west of Phocis was Ozolian Locris , situated on the north coast of the Gulf of Corinth, between Naupactus and Crisa . The main cities of Ozolian Locris were Amphissa and Naupactus which was its seaport . To the north east of Phocis was Opuntian Locris , named after its main city , Opus . Finally, to

884-488: The sea foam (but some scholars sees in it the representation of Persephone coming back from the Hades) and helped by two maidservants to raise from the water, while on the left side is represented a naked flute-girl seated on a cushion and playing the double-flute, and on the right side a veiled woman using an incense-burner. Opuntian Locris Opuntian Locris or Eastern Locris was an ancient Greek region inhabited by

918-586: The southern frontier town was Larymna , which at a later time belonged to Boeotia . The Locrians, however, did not inhabit this coast continuously, but were separated by a narrow slip of Phocis , which extended to the North Euboean Gulf , and contained the Phocian seaport town of Daphnus . The Locrians north of Daphnus were called Epicnemidii , from Mount Cnemis ; and those south of this town were named Opuntii , from Opus , their principal city. On

952-422: The temple were 45.5 by 19.8 metres (149 by 65 ft). The cella is free of supports on the central axes. The pronaos had two columns. The temple has seventeen Ionic columns on the long side, and six on the front. The height of the temple was 12 metres (39 ft). According to Italian scholar Margherita Guarducci , the famous Ludovisi Throne comes from the temple of Aphrodite of Locri Epizephyrii, where it

986-551: The town Gerace on the slopes of the Aspromonte . After 1850 Gerace developed along the coast, forming a new centre Gerace Marina, to house new public buildings and a railway station. In 1934 it changed its name in Locri, which is now the administrative centre of the Locride area. The city boasts a National Museum and an Archaeological Park. Apart from the archeological sites, the town is also an important sea-side resort along

1020-537: The towns of Kynos , Opus, Calliarus , Besa , Scarphe , Augeiae , Tarphe , and Thronium . Neither Homer, Herodotus , Thucydides, nor Polybius , make any distinction between the Opuntii and Epicnemidii; and, during the flourishing period of Greek history, Opus was regarded as the chief town of the Eastern Locrians. Even Strabo, from whom the distinction is chiefly derived, in one place describes Opus as

1054-622: The west, the Locrians were separated from Phocis and Boeotia by a range of mountains, extending from Mount Oeta and running parallel to the coast. The northern part of this range, called Mount Cnemis, now Talanda , rises to a considerable height, and separated the Epicnemidii Locri from the Phocians of the upper valley of the Cephissus; the southern portion, which bore no specific name, is not so lofty as Mount Cnemis, and separated

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1088-486: Was securely linked to the newly studied Ionic temple at Marasà, in Locri. A reconstruction of the throne was shown to fit exactly into remaining blocks in the temple's foundations, and it has been suggested that terracotta votive plaques, or pinakes, of cults at Locri Epizephyrii, are the only stylistic parallel to the Throne. The marble sculpture, in its bas-relief decoration, represents on the front side Aphrodite born from

1122-437: Was the town Atalanti . Its territory corresponded with that of the current municipalities Amfikleia-Elateia , Lokroi , and Kamena Vourla . It was abolished in 2006. Locri Locri is a town and comune (municipality) in the province of Reggio Calabria , Calabria , southern Italy. Its name derives from that of the ancient Greek region of Locris . Today it is an important administrative and cultural centre on

1156-550: Was used as the parapet of the bothros . This theory is strengthened by the measures of the sculpture which fit perfectly together with the three great stones of the covering of the bothros ; stones still existing and open to visits inside the archaeological area of the Temple of contrada Marasà. The theatre was built in the fourth century BC not far from the ancient city, in the Contrada Pirettina, taking advantage of

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