110-673: Lollapalooza ( / ˌ l ɒ l ə p ə ˈ l uː z ə / ) is an annual American four-day music festival held in Grant Park in Chicago . It originally started as a touring event in 1991, and many years later, Chicago became its permanent location. Music genres include alternative rock , heavy metal , punk rock , hip hop , and electronic dance music . Lollapalooza has also featured visual arts , nonprofit organizations , and political organizations. The festival hosts an estimated 400,000 people each July and sells out annually. Lollapalooza
220-415: A Three Stooges short film, though a search of their catalog turned up nothing related. Paying homage to the term's double meaning, a character in the festival's original logo holds a lollipop. Inspired by events such as Britain's Reading Festival —which Lollapalooza cofounder Perry Farrell had been due to play in 1990—Farrell, Ted Gardner , Don Muller, and Marc Geiger conceived the festival in 1990 as
330-424: A Goof )—dates from a late 19th-century/early 20th-century American idiomatic phrase meaning "an extraordinary or unusual thing, person, or event; an exceptional example or instance". Its earliest known use was in 1896. In time, the term also came to refer to a large lollipop. Farrell, searching for a name for his festival, liked the euphonious quality of the by-then-antiquated term, which he claimed he had heard in
440-474: A Jewish holiday. The celebration includes traditional Purim practices such as a commemoratory meal, attendees dressing up in costume, and a public reading of the Scroll of Esther . The night is followed up by less traditional Purim practices, with the addition of live music, by primarily Jewish artists, and drinking for those of age. In 1999, Farrell himself performed at PurimPalooza, hosted by Rabbi Josef Langer, at
550-583: A Throbbing Gristle fan was like enrolling in a university course of cultural extremism." John Cage was an initial inspiration for Throbbing Gristle. SPK appreciated Jean Dubuffet , Marcel Duchamp , Jean Baudrillard , Michel Foucault , Walter Benjamin , Marshall McLuhan , Friedrich Nietzsche , and Gilles Deleuze , as well as being inspired by the manifesto of the eponymous Socialist Patients' Collective . Cabaret Voltaire took conceptual cues from Burroughs, J. G. Ballard , and Tristan Tzara . Whitehouse and Nurse with Wound dedicated some of their work to
660-603: A big audience, and Siouxsie and the Banshees "were like the Led Zeppelin of that scene". "It felt like something was happening, that was the beginning of it all". In an interview filmed on the opening day in Phoenix, rapper Ice-T stated: "I know it is gonna be a tour people are gonna talk about for a long time". That year, Farrell also coined the term "Alternative Nation" when talking about the festival. In 2020, when rating
770-450: A cacophony of repetitive sounds. In Boston, Sleep Chamber and other artists from Inner-X-Musick began experimenting with a mixture of powerful noise and early forms of EBM . In Italy, work by Maurizio Bianchi at the beginning of the 1980s also shared this aesthetic. In Germany, Einstürzende Neubauten mixed metal percussion, guitars, and unconventional instruments (such as jackhammers and bones) in stage performances that often damaged
880-720: A capacity of about 275,000 spectators, but has " fallow years " roughly every five years, so it is the biggest non-annual greenfield festival in the world. The oldest annual dedicated pop music festival in the world is Pinkpop Festival in the Netherlands , though in other genres, there are much older ones: the Three Choirs Festival in the UK has run annually since 1719. The Queensland Music Festival, established in 1999 and headquartered in Brisbane Australia,
990-730: A cassette library including recordings by The Master Musicians of Joujouka , Kraftwerk , Charles Manson , and William S. Burroughs . P-Orridge also credited 1960s rock such as the Doors , Pearls Before Swine , the Fugs , Captain Beefheart , and Frank Zappa in a 1979 interview. The dissonant electronic work of krautrock groups like Faust and Neu! was an influence on industrial artists. Chris Carter also enjoyed and found inspiration in Pink Floyd and Tangerine Dream . Boyd Rice
1100-585: A farewell for Farrell's band Jane's Addiction . Unlike previous festivals such as Woodstock , A Gathering of the Tribes , and the US Festival , which were one-time events held at single venues, Lollapalooza toured across the United States and Canada from mid-July until late August 1991. The inaugural Lollapalooza lineup was diverse and made up of artists from alternative rock (such as Siouxsie and
1210-410: A form of seasonal, cultural festivity, structured around a schedule of music performances, or concerts. Music festivals generally feature regular and extensive programming, than more spontaneous or improvised forms of music festivity. In traditional genres such as folk and classical music, a music festival can be defined as a community event , with performances of singing and instrument playing, that
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#17327836524841320-585: A free YouTube broadcast. On May 18, 2021, festival organizers and the City of Chicago announced that Lollapalooza would return at full capacity from July 29 to August 2, 2021. In May 2022, it was announced that Hulu would exclusively stream the festival, alongside Austin City Limits and Bonnaroo . Tickets to the flagship and original Lollapalooza edition, in Chicago, usually sold out extremely quickly. For
1430-530: A friend of Coil's, formed Current 93 , alongside Douglas P. of Death In June , Steven Stapleton and Fritz Catlin of 23 Skidoo ; both Coil and Current 93 were inspired by amphetamines and LSD. J. G. Thirlwell , a co-producer with Coil, developed a version of black comedy in industrial music, borrowing from lounge as well as noise and film music . In the early 1980s, the Chicago-based record label Wax Trax! and Canada's Nettwerk helped to expand
1540-475: A locomotive bell, a pneumatic drill and a compressed-air tank". Though these compositions are not directly tied to what the genre would become, they are early examples of music designed to mimic machinery noise and factory atmosphere. Early examples of industrial music are arguably found in Pierre Schaeffer 's 1940s musique concrète and the tape music of Halim El-Dabh , the former of which is akin to
1650-479: A long list of obscure free improvisation and Krautrock as recommended listening. 23 Skidoo borrowed from Fela Kuti and Miles Davis's On the Corner . Many industrial groups, including Einstürzende Neubauten , took inspiration from world music . Many of the initial industrial musicians preferred to cite artists or thinkers, rather than musicians, as their inspiration. Simon Reynolds declares that "Being
1760-451: A manifestation for creating escapism and a seasonal cultural economy to experience ritually and collectively. Another type of music festival is the music education , often organized annually in local communities, regionally, or nationally, for the benefit of amateur musicians of all ages and grades of achievement. Entrants perform prepared pieces or songs in front of an audience which includes competitors, family and friends, and members of
1870-485: A new Lollapalooza tour. The festival schedule included venues in thirty cities through July and August. The 2003 tour achieved only marginal success, with many fans staying away, presumably because of high ticket prices. Another tour scheduled for 2004 was to consist of a two-day festival taking place in each city. Despite a bill with Morrissey , Sonic Youth, PJ Harvey , Pixies , and the Flaming Lips as headliners,
1980-669: A platinum-selling album each in the 1990s . Industrial music drew from a broad range of predecessors. According to the Oxford English Dictionary , the genre was first named in 1942 when The Musical Quarterly called Dmitri Shostakovich's 1927 Symphony No. 2 "the high tide of 'industrial music'." Similarly, in 1972, The New York Times described works by Ferde Grofé (especially 1935's A Symphony in Steel ) as part of "his 'industrial music' genre [that] called on such instruments as four pairs of shoes, two brooms,
2090-645: A response to world music. Performing at the first WOMAD Festival in 1982, the group likened themselves to Indonesian gamelan . Swedish act Leather Nun were signed to Industrial Records in 1978, being the first non-TG/Cazazza act to have an IR-release. Their singles eventually received significant airplay in the United States on college radio . Across the Atlantic, similar experiments were taking place. In San Francisco, performance artist Monte Cazazza began recording noise music . Boyd Rice released several albums of noise, with guitar drones and tape loops creating
2200-514: A slide in order to produce glissandi , or pounded the strings as if it were a percussion instrument. Throbbing Gristle also played at very high volume and produced ultra-high and sub-bass frequencies in an attempt to produce physical effects, naming this approach as "metabolic music." Vocals were sporadic, and were as likely to be bubblegum pop as they were to be abrasive polemics . Cabaret Voltaire's Stephen Mallinder's vocals were electronically treated. The purpose of industrial music initially
2310-550: A specific charitable cause . At music festivals associated with charitable causes, there may be information about social or political issues . The Pythian Games at Delphi included musical performances, and may be one of the earliest festivals known. During the Middle Ages , festivals were often held as competitions. The music festival emerged in England in the 18th century, as an extension of urban concert life into
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#17327836524842420-468: A style they eventually called power electronics . An early collaborator with Whitehouse, Steve Stapleton, formed Nurse with Wound, who experimented with noise sculpture and sound collage. Clock DVA described their goal as borrowing equally from surrealist automatism and "nervous energy sort of funk stuff, body music that flinches you and makes you move." 23 Skidoo, like Clock DVA, merged industrial music with African-American dance music, but also performed
2530-504: A successful 2008 festival, another deal was signed to keep Lollapalooza in Chicago through 2018, guaranteeing the city $ 13 million. The 2016 iteration of the event was four days long, from July 28 to 31, to celebrate the event's 25th anniversary. The 2020 experience of the festival was initially scheduled to occur July 30 – August 2. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic , the event was officially canceled on June 9. The festival postponed
2640-414: A unique image for it and attracting visitors. For example, Lollapalooza, Electric Daisy Carnival Las Vegas, Ultra Music Festival, Electric Forest, and others. While contemporary festivals are often represented as flourishing grounds for extraordinary experiences, they increasingly serve as a way to create cultural identity, lifestyle, community, belonging and self-actualisation. Furthermore, festivals are
2750-650: A variety of industrial forefathers and created a lurching, impalatable whole from many pieces. Swans , from New York City, also practiced a metal music aesthetic, though reliant on standard rock instrumentation. Laibach, a Slovenian group who began while Yugoslavia remained a single state, were very controversial for their iconographic borrowings from Stalinist , Nazi , Titoist , Dada , and Russian Futurist imagery, conflating Yugoslav patriotism with its German authoritarian adversary. Slavoj Žižek has defended Laibach, arguing that they and their associated Neue Slowenische Kunst art group practice an overidentification with
2860-601: Is all about and I can't wait to share in this cultural exchange". Lollapalooza Germany was produced by the Lollapalooza U.S. team, in addition to Melt! Booking and Festival Republic, who have helped run both Reading and Leeds festivals in England. The 2016 edition of the event took place in the Treptower Park in Berlin, on September 10–11. It drew 70,000 visitors each day. At change.org , an online petition against
2970-443: Is being wasted here to destroy the morality of our society" and blasted the group as "wreckers of civilization." The group announced their dissolution in 1981, declaring that their "mission" has been "terminated." Chicago record label Wax Trax! Records was prominent in the widespread attention industrial music received starting in the early 1980s. The label was started by Jim Nash and Dannie Flesher. The label's first official release
3080-403: Is often presented with a theme such as a music genre (e.g., blues, folk, jazz, classical music), nationality , locality of musicians, or holiday . Music festivals have developed as an industry which contributes to national economies. For example, Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival earned $ 115 million in 2017. Music festivals can be a way of building a brand for a destination, creating
3190-466: Is one of the largest music festivals in the world and one of the longest-running in the United States. Lollapalooza was conceived and created in 1991 as a farewell tour by Perry Farrell , singer of the group Jane's Addiction . The first Lollapalooza tour had a diverse collection of bands and was a commercial success. It stopped in more than twenty cities in North America. In 2020, Spin rated
3300-572: Is that participants can learn from one another rather than compete. Such festivals aim to provide a friendly and supportive platform for musicians to share in the excitement of making music. For many, they provide a bridge from lessons and examinations to performing confidently in public; for a few of the top performers, they provide a pathway to further professional study of music in a college, university or conservatory. Milwaukee , Wisconsin 's 11-day event, Summerfest , promotes itself as "The World's Largest Music Festival." Operating annually since 1968,
3410-429: Is the largest music festival by land mass, as a state-wide music biennial music festival, over a three-week period during July. Lists of music festivals in: Industrial music Industrial music is a genre of music that draws on harsh, mechanical, transgressive, or provocative sounds and themes. AllMusic defines industrial music as the "most abrasive and aggressive fusion of rock and electronic music " that
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3520-486: The COVID-19 pandemic , Lollapalooza returned to Stockholm on July 1–3, 2022. The 2022 event was attended by over 70,000 people, making it the biggest Swedish festival of all time. On October 12, 2016, Lollapalooza announced that they would be hosting a festival in Paris, France. The inaugural edition of the event took place at the city's Longchamp Racecourse grounds on July 22–23, 2017. The lineup for Lollapalooza Paris 2017
3630-428: The Chicago -based Wax Trax! Records imprint. Electro-industrial music is a primary subgenre that developed in the 1980s, with the most notable bands in the genre being Front Line Assembly and Skinny Puppy . The two other most notable hybrid genres are industrial rock and industrial metal , which include bands such as Nine Inch Nails , Ministry , Rammstein , and Fear Factory , the first three of which released
3740-1010: The Great American Music Hall in San Francisco. Again in 2006, Farrell performed at PurimPalooza, hosted at the Ruby Skye in San Francisco, which featured artists such as Matisyahu and Chutzpah. In 2010, it was announced that Lollapalooza would debut in South America, with a branch of the festival staged in Chile's capital Santiago on April 2–3, 2011. The Lollapalooza Chile lineup included Jane's Addiction , Thirty Seconds to Mars , The National , Manny and Gil The Latin , The Drums , The Killers , Los Bunkers , Ana Tijoux , Javiera Mena , Fatboy Slim , Deftones , Los Plumabits , Cypress Hill , 311 , The Flaming Lips , and many others. The eighth edition in Chile
3850-664: The Jockey Club in São Paulo on April 7–8, 2012. In the following year, Lollapalooza was again held at Jockey Club during Holy Week , this time expanding to three days that filled the whole Paschal Triduum —March 29–31, 2013. The third edition was moved to the Autódromo José Carlos Pace in São Paulo's borough of Interlagos , happening on April 5 and 6, 2014. Interlagos remained the festival's home for
3960-570: The Marquis de Sade ; the latter also took impetus from the Comte de Lautréamont . Another influence on the industrial aesthetic was Lou Reed's Metal Machine Music . Pitchfork Music cites this album as "inspiring, in part, much of the contemporary avant-garde music scene—noise, in particular." The album consists entirely of guitar feedback, anticipating industrial's use of non-musical sounds. The New York Times described American avant-garde band
4070-694: The "experimentation in sonic assault, noise, and chance sound (including transistor radios )" on their debut album AMMMusic (1967) would "reach the rock fringes in the work of industrial groups like Test Dept ". Cromagnon 's album Orgasm (1969) has been cited by AllMusic's Alex Henderson as foreshadowing industrial, noise rock and no wave , with the track "Caledonia" resembling "a Ministry or Revolting Cocks recording from 1989". The 1970 album Klopfzeichen by krautrock band Kluster has also been called an early precursor of industrial music. In 1981, music critic Lester Bangs referenced "the Sounds of
4180-532: The 1990s, industrial music broke into the mainstream. The genre, previously ignored or criticized by music journalists, grew popular with disaffected middle-class youth in suburban and rural areas. By this time, the genre had become broad enough that journalist James Greer called it "the kind of meaningless catch-all term that new wave once was". A number of acts associated with industrial music achieved commercial success during this period including Nine Inch Nails , Marilyn Manson , Rammstein and Orgy . Through
4290-729: The 2004 edition was canceled in June due to weak ticket sales across the country. In 2005, Farrell partnered with Capital Sports & Entertainment (now C3 Presents ), which co-owns and produces the Austin City Limits Music Festival , to produce Lollapalooza. CSE, Farrell, and the William Morris Agency —along with Charles Attal Presents—resurrected Lollapalooza as a two-day destination festival in 2005 in Chicago's Grant Park , with an even greater variety of performers (70 acts on five stages) than that of
4400-419: The 2016 event, the four-day general passes sold out in about one day after the sale began. The one-day passes sold even more quickly: they were gone less than three hours after organizers revealed the lineup for the four-day music festival. Because of this phenomenon, people who cannot buy the passes try to get them through alternatives sources such as Craigslist and StubHub . This is a common practice, although
4510-607: The Banshees who were the second headliners), industrial music (such as Nine Inch Nails ), and rap ( Ice-T rapped and used the platform to launch Body Count , his heavy metal band). The premiere in Phoenix, Arizona , on July 18, 1991, was covered by a report on MTV , which ended by journalist Dave Kendall saying "Lollapalooza could be the tour of the summer". The tour ended at King County Fairgrounds in Enumclaw, Washington , near Seattle, on August 28, 1991. Another key concept
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4620-794: The Brazilian version of the event, which was held at the Jockey Club in São Paulo on April 7–8, 2012. The Argentine version started in April 2014 in Buenos Aires and in November 2014, the first European Lollapalooza was announced, and was held at the former Berlin Tempelhof Airport . The word—sometimes alternatively spelled and pronounced as lollapalootza , lalapaloosa , or lallapaloosa ( P. G. Wodehouse , The Heart of
4730-526: The Cabaret Voltaire members' individual contributions as " [Chris] Watson 's smears of synth slime; [Stephen] Mallinder 's dankly pulsing bass; and [Richard H.] Kirk 's spikes of shattered-glass guitar." Watson custom-built a fuzzbox for Kirk's guitar, producing a unique timbre . Carter built speakers, effects units, and synthesizer modules, as well as modifying more conventional rock instrumentation, for Throbbing Gristle. Tutti played guitar with
4840-497: The Junkyard" (1964), an album made up of industrial field recordings released by Folkways Records , in his guide to "horrible noise". In the book Interrogation Machine: Laibach and NSK , Alexei Monroe argues that Kraftwerk were particularly significant in the development of industrial music, as the "first successful artists to incorporate representations of industrial sounds into nonacademic electronic music." Industrial music
4950-558: The Prodigy in 1997. 1997, however, would prove to be the final tour from the initial series of Lollapalooza events. The festival failed to find a suitable headliner in 1998 and therefore announced Lollapalooza's cancellation. The cancellation served as a signifier of alternative rock's declining popularity. In light of the festival's troubles that year, Spin magazine said, "Lollapalooza is as comatose as alternative rock right now." In 2003, Farrell reconvened Jane's Addiction and scheduled
5060-481: The Residents as having "presaged forms of punk, new wave and industrial music". Industrial Music for Industrial People was originally coined by Monte Cazazza as the strapline for the record label Industrial Records , founded by British art-provocateurs Throbbing Gristle. The first wave of this music appeared with Throbbing Gristle, from London; Cabaret Voltaire, from Sheffield; and Boyd Rice (recording under
5170-469: The Smashing Pumpkins vocalist/guitarist Billy Corgan ), speaking to the crowds about the loss, then singing a minimum of two songs. Farrell worked with rock poster artist Jim Evans (T.A.Z.) to create a series of posters and the complete graphic decoration for the 1994 event, including two seventy-foot-tall Buddha statues that flanked the main stage. In 1996, Farrell, who had been the soul of
5280-516: The Wombats , Jackson Wang , and AP Dhillon . Recording engineer, guitarist, and journalist Steve Albini has criticized Lollapalooza for its corporatization of popularized "alternative" music. In a 1993 interview, Albini commented: Lollapalooza is the worst example of corporate encroachment into what is supposed to be the underground. It is just a large scale marketing of bands that pretend to be alternative but are in reality just another facet of
5390-435: The aesthetics of 1970s industrial music, while artists such as early 20th century Italian futurist Luigi Russolo laid the groundwork for the genre with his book and work The Art of Noises (1913), reflecting "the sounds of a modern industrial society ". AllMusic assessed 1960s English experimental group AMM as originators of the genre, as well as to electronica , free improvisation and noise music , writing that
5500-615: The already eclectic base of industrial music. These offshoots include fusions with noise music, ambient music , folk music , post-punk and electronic dance music , as well as other mutations and developments. The scene has spread worldwide, and is particularly well represented in North America, Europe, and Japan. Substyles inspired by industrial music include dark ambient , power electronics , Japanoise , neofolk , electro-industrial , electronic body music , industrial hip hop , industrial rock , industrial metal , industrial pop , martial industrial , power noise , and witch house . In
5610-535: The artists weren't traveling there so it was an opportunity." The event was scheduled for August 20–22, 2013 in Yarkon Park , the city's largest urban park. However, the event was postponed to an unspecified date. While there was no definitive reason for the cancellation of the Israel date, various news sources reported financial challenges associated with producing a large-scale show with international artists within
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#17327836524845720-617: The audience. Industrial groups typically focus on transgressive subject matter. In his introduction for the Industrial Culture Handbook (1983), Jon Savage considered some hallmarks of industrial music to be organizational autonomy, shock tactics, and the use of synthesizers and "anti-music." Furthermore, an interest in the investigation of " cults , wars, psychological techniques of persuasion, unusual murders (especially by children and psychopaths ), forensic pathology , venereology , concentration camp behavior,
5830-501: The bands, resulting in tens of thousands of dollars in damages to the venue. The same summer, patrons at Great Woods in Mansfield, Massachusetts had torn up the venue's fencing and burned it in bonfires throughout the show. The tour then relocated its New England stop to the naval yard at Quonset Point for two years, until Rhode Island officials vowed to keep it out, and in 1995, the tour returned to Great Woods. Grunge band Nirvana
5940-522: The community, along with one or more adjudicators or judges. These adjudicators, who may be music teachers, professors, or professional performers, provide verbal and written feedback to each performer or group. The adjudicator may be someone whom they might never meet in any other way, as is the case when an adjudicator from another city is brought in to judge. They also usually receive a certificate, classified according to merit or ranking, and some may win trophies or even scholarships. The most important aspect
6050-545: The event into its current format as an annual festival in Chicago. In 2014, Live Nation Entertainment bought a controlling interest in C3 Presents. In 2010, it was announced that Lollapalooza would remain in Chicago, while also debuting outside the United States, with a branch of the festival staged in Santiago, Chile on April 2–3, 2011, where it partnered with Santiago-based company Lotus. In 2011, Geo Events confirmed
6160-459: The event on March 27, but their drummer, Taylor Hawkins , died two days before the event, while touring South America. The band was replaced with various Brazilian artists paying tribute to the musician. The 2023 Brazilian version of the festival took place from March 24 to 26. Announced headliners were Billie Eilish , Blink-182 , and Drake . Blink-182 cancelled a few weeks before the event due to drummer Travis Barker injuring his hand. The band
6270-435: The event. In April 2010, it was reported that Illinois Attorney General Lisa Madigan had launched an antitrust investigation into the festival for imposing radius clauses on acts, contractually stipulating that they could not perform in cities within 300 miles of Chicago—including cities as far as Detroit , Indianapolis , and Milwaukee —for up to six months prior, and three months after Lollapalooza. The investigation
6380-686: The festival attracts between 800,000 and 1,000,000 people each year, and hosts over 800 musical acts. The Woodstock Festival in 1969 drew nearly 500,000 attendees, and the Polish spin-off Przystanek Woodstock in 2014 drew 750,000 thus becoming the largest open air annual festival in Europe and the second largest in the world. In comparison, the Roskilde Festival in Denmark, attracts about 135,000 spectators each year. Glastonbury Festival has
6490-514: The festival has taken place in France every year, except for 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic , and 2024, when it was canceled due to logistical, administrative, and security constraints. On August 7, 2012, Perry Farrell announced that Lollapalooza would be debuting in Tel Aviv, Israel . Farrell described Israel as an "international music community that listens to everything we all listen to, but
6600-599: The festival in the Treptower Park gathered over 6,400 supporters. Citizens from the area created working groups to stop the festival taking place, due to noise and other complaints. Since 2018, the festival has been held at the Olympiapark Berlin . The first Scandinavian edition of Lollapalooza was held in the Swedish capital of Stockholm , on June 28–30, 2019. After being canceled for two years due to
6710-660: The festival included a second stage (and in 1996, a third) for up-and-coming bands or local acts. Attendee complaints of the festival included high ticket prices as well as the high cost for food and water at the shows. The event took place at the Alpine Valley festival in East Troy, Wisconsin on August 29, 1992, and also at World Music Theater in Tinley Park, Illinois (near Chicago), where concertgoers ripped up chunks of sod and grass and threw them at each other and at
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#17327836524846820-453: The festival, as the alternative culture of the early 1990s was generally against macho behavior. Farrell quit the tour in protest. Responding to the controversial Metallica incident, Lollapalooza made efforts to revive its relevance to audiences. The festival booked eclectic acts such as country superstar Waylon Jennings in 1996, and emphasized heavily electronica groups such as the Orb and
6930-518: The festival, decided to focus his energy to produce his new festival project, ENIT , and did not participate in producing Lollapalooza. Many fans saw the addition of Metallica in 1996 as contrary to the festival's prior practice of featuring "non-mainstream" artists, and described the crowds attracted by Metallica as being singularly focused on the headliner without respect for the other performing artists. Moreover, festival cofounder Farrell felt that Metallica's macho image violated his peaceful vision for
7040-615: The festival. The 2025 edition is scheduled for March 28–30, headlined by Olivia Rodrigo , Rüfüs Du Sol , Shawn Mendes , Alanis Morissette , Justin Timberlake , and Tool . On September 10, 2013, it was announced that the Argentine version of the festival would be held in Buenos Aires . Since then, Lollapalooza has had an annual edition at the Hipódromo de San Isidro , usually in the last week of March. On November 4, 2014, it
7150-498: The first Lollapalooza as the best concert of the preceding 35 years. Lollapalooza then ran annually until 1997, and was revived in 2003. From its inception through 1997 and its revival in 2003, the festival toured North America. In 2004, the organizers expanded the dates to two days per city but canceled the tour after poor ticket sales. In 2005, Farrell and the William Morris Agency partnered with Austin, Texas –based company Capital Sports Entertainment (now C3 Presents ) and retooled
7260-446: The first edition as the greatest US tour in 35 years, Spin wrote that it "changed the trajectory of the '90s, helping usher the alternative era into the mainstream. [...] Lollapalooza provided a common home for artists on the mainstream periphery. [...] Lolla became the template for what became the modern American festival." The explosion of alternative rock in the early 1990s propelled Lollapalooza forward. However, MTV noted that
7370-440: The floor and eventually sparking a riot. This event received front-page news coverage in England. Other groups who practiced a form of industrial "metal music" (that is, produced by the sounds of metal crashing against metal) include Test Dept , Laibach , and Die Krupps , as well as Z'EV and SPK. Test Dept were largely inspired by Russian Futurism and toured to support the 1984-85 UK miners' strike . Skinny Puppy embraced
7480-522: The following editions, on March 28–29, 2015, March 12–13, 2016, March 25–26, 2017, March 23–25, 2018, and April 5–7, 2019. The 2020 edition was supposed to happen in April 3–5, with headliners Guns N' Roses , Travis Scott , and the Strokes , but was canceled a week before the planned dates due to COVID-19 lockdowns. The festival was rescheduled to December 4–6 of the same year, maintaining the same headliners, but was, once again, shut down due to COVID. It
7590-459: The genre also emerged in the United States and other countries. The first industrial artists experimented with noise and aesthetically controversial topics, both musically and visually, such as fascism , sexual perversion , and the occult . Prominent industrial musicians include Throbbing Gristle, Monte Cazazza , SPK , Boyd Rice , Cabaret Voltaire , and Z'EV . On Throbbing Gristle's 1977 debut album, The Second Annual Report , they coined
7700-551: The group in 1974, with Carter joining the following year. The group renamed itself Throbbing Gristle in September 1975, their name coming from a northern English slang word for an erection. The group's first public performance, in October 1976, was alongside an exhibit titled Prostitution , which included pornographic photos of Tutti as well as used tampons. Conservative politician Nicholas Fairbairn declared that "public money
7810-434: The hidden perverse enjoyment undergirding authority that produces a subversive and liberatory effect. In simpler language, Laibach practiced a type of agitprop that was widely utilized by industrial and punk artists on both sides of the Atlantic. Following the breakup of Throbbing Gristle, P-Orridge and Christopherson founded Psychic TV and signed to a major label. Their first album was much more accessible and melodic than
7920-548: The history of uniforms and insignia" and Aleister Crowley 's magick was present in Throbbing Gristle's work, as well as in other industrial pioneers. Burroughs's recordings and writings were particularly influential on the scene, particularly his interest in the cut-up technique and noise as a method of disrupting societal control. Many of the first industrial musicians were interested in, though not necessarily sympathetic with, fascism. Throbbing Gristle's logo
8030-418: The idea in 2005, and later that year the event first appeared in Chicago. Kidzapalooza has been a success and appeared alongside every Lollapalooza since its original debut in 2005. The event includes many different events for children to enjoy such as game, design, and art stations where children can express their creativity. Musical instruments are set up for children to play and experience in another station of
8140-428: The industrial music genre into the more accessible electro-industrial and industrial rock genres. The birth of industrial music was a response to "an age [in which] the access and control of information were becoming the primary tools of power." At its birth, the genre of industrial music was different from any other music, and its use of technology and disturbing lyrics and themes to tear apart preconceptions about
8250-491: The later industrial musicians, including Einstürzende Neubauten, Test Dept, and Cabaret Voltaire. Around 1983, Cabaret Voltaire members were deeply interested in funk music and, with the encouragement of their friends from New Order , began to develop a form of dark but danceable electrofunk . Christopherson left Psychic TV in 1983 and formed Coil with John Balance . Coil made use of gongs and bullroarers in an attempt to conjure "Martian," "homosexual energy". David Tibet ,
8360-501: The mainstream pop charts". The 1992 and 1993 festivals also leaned heavily on grunge and alternative acts, and usually featured an additional rap artist. Crowd behaviors prominent at punk rock concerts such as mosh pits and crowd surfing became regular parts of the shows. These years also saw marked increases in the participatory nature of the event, with the inclusion of booths for open-microphone readings and oratory, television-smashing pits, and tattoo and piercing parlors. After 1991,
8470-556: The mass cultural exploitation scheme. I have no appreciation or affection for those bands and I have no interest in that whole circle. If Lollapalooza had Jesus Lizard and the Melvins and Fugazi and Slint then you could make a case that it was actually people on the vanguard of music. What it really is is the most popular bands on MTV that are not heavy metal. Both the Jesus Lizard and Melvins have subsequently performed at
8580-515: The music industry . And then there's the joke we often used to make in interviews about churning out our records like motorcars — that sense of industrial. And ... up till then the music had been kind of based on the blues and slavery, and we thought it was time to update it to at least Victorian times—you know, the Industrial Revolution ". Early industrial music often featured tape editing, stark percussion and loops distorted to
8690-487: The music industries, or institutions of music education. Music festivals are commonly held outdoors, with tents or roofed temporary stages for the performers. Often music festivals host other attractions such as food and merchandise vending, dance, crafts, performance art , and social or cultural activities. Many festivals are annual, or repeat at some other interval, while some are held only once. Some festivals are organized as for-profit concerts and others are benefits for
8800-754: The name NON), from the United States. Throbbing Gristle first performed in 1976, and began as the musical offshoot of the Kingston upon Hull -based COUM Transmissions . COUM was initially a psychedelic rock group, but began to describe their work as performance art in order to obtain grants from the Arts Council of Great Britain . COUM was composed of P-Orridge and Cosey Fanni Tutti . Beginning in 1972, COUM staged several performances inspired by Fluxus and Viennese Actionism . These included various acts of sexual and physical abjection. Peter Christopherson , an employee of commercial artists Hipgnosis , joined
8910-403: The necessary rules of musical form supports the suggestion that industrial music is modernist music. The artists themselves made these goals explicit, even drawing connections to social changes they wished to argue for through their music. The Industrial Records website explains that the musicians wanted to re-invent rock music, and that their uncensored records were about their relationship with
9020-406: The ones for Lollapalooza 2015, at $ 275, the increase was more than 20%. The price for weekend passes from 2016 to 2018 remained the same. In 2020, a slight increase of five dollars was added to weekend passes, making them $ 340. Originally thought of by music producer Tor Hyams , Kidzapalooza was the idea for a more child-centered experience to the adult Lollapalooza. Hyams came to Perry Farrell with
9130-554: The point where they had degraded to harsh noise, such as the work of early industrial group Cabaret Voltaire , which journalist Simon Reynolds described as characterized by "hissing high hats and squelchy snares of rhythm-generator." Carter of Throbbing Gristle invented a device named the "Gristle-izer", played by Christopherson, which comprised a one-octave keyboard and a number of cassette machines triggering various pre-recorded sounds. Traditional instruments were often played in nontraditional or highly modified ways. Reynolds described
9240-714: The political situation in the Middle East. On July 27, 2022, Lollapalooza announced that they would be debuting at the Mahalaxmi Racecourse in Mumbai, India on January 28–29, 2023. This would be Lollapalooza's first event in Asia, partnering with BookMyShow . The headliners of the two-day event were Imagine Dragons , the Strokes , and Diplo . The lineup included nearly forty artists, such as Cigarettes After Sex , Raveena , Greta Van Fleet , Japanese Breakfast ,
9350-448: The prices tend to be significantly higher on these websites. In 2018, the festival experienced unusually slower sales, so they released the lineup about eight hours earlier. In its earliest editions, the official passes cost $ 31.50. However, with its growth and prominent relevance in the music world, Lollapalooza pass prices have increased substantially over the years. Comparing the weekend passes for Lollapalooza 2016, which cost $ 335, with
9460-457: The sale of tickets in March as a precaution to the possible shutdown of live music events. In order to keep the spirit of the festival going, the city of Chicago announced that they would offer a livestreamed event occurring the same weekend as the initially-planned event. The livestreamed version featured acts such as A$ AP Rocky , Brockhampton , Lupe Fiasco , Outkast , and many more performing on
9570-409: The second edition was organized in a different way and included bands who had achieved commercial success. Journalist Kurt Loder commented: "By 1992 the music that had once been trumpeted as alternative was quickly becoming mainstream and the second Lollapalooza reflected the shift. [...] The 1992 headliners included acts such as Soundgarden and Red Hot Chili Peppers, bands that were hardly strangers to
9680-666: The slogan "industrial music for industrial people." The industrial music scene also developed strongly in Chicago , with the city's Wax Trax! Records at one point leading the industrial music scene. The precursors that influenced the development of the genre included 1940s musique concrète and varied world music sources in addition to rock-era acts such as Faust , Kraftwerk , the Velvet Underground , and Lou Reed 's Metal Machine Music (1975). Musicians also cite writers such as William S. Burroughs and J. G. Ballard and artists such as Brion Gysin as influences. While
9790-444: The term was self-applied by a small coterie of groups and individuals associated with Industrial Records in the late 1970s, it was broadened to include artists influenced by the original movement or using an "industrial" aesthetic. Over time, the genre's influence spread into and blended with styles including ambient , synth music and rock such as Front 242 , Front Line Assembly , KMFDM , and Sister Machine Gun , acts associated with
9900-478: The time. "I just want to see things that are unexpected and slightly bizarre. The way Barnum & Bailey perceived putting on a show...well, they had a different angle." The inaugural edition in 1991 was a surprise massive success. For Dave Grohl of Nirvana, who saw it in Los Angeles, the festival helped change the mentalities in the music industry. The Butthole Surfers opened the day, playing in front of
10010-696: The touring festival. The event was generally successful, attracting over 65,000 attendees, despite a 104-degree Fahrenheit Sunday (40 degrees Celsius) heat wave (two people were hospitalized for heat-related illness). It returned to Chicago on August 4–6, 2006. On October 25, 2006, the Chicago Park District and Capital Sports & Entertainment agreed to a five-year, $ 5 million deal, keeping Lollapalooza at Grant Park in Chicago until 2011. Lollapalooza ran August 3–5 in 2007; August 1–3, 2008; August 7–9, 2009; August 6–8, 2010; August 5–7, 2011; August 3–5, 2012; August 2–4, 2013; and August 1–3, 2014. After
10120-421: The usual industrial style, and included hired work by trained musicians. Later work returned to the sound collage and noise elements of earlier industrial. They also borrowed from funk and disco . P-Orridge also founded Thee Temple ov Psychick Youth , a quasi-religious organization that produced video art . Psychic TV's commercial aspirations were managed by Stevo of Some Bizzare Records , who released many of
10230-464: The venue. Raffles and various other amenities are available to the children as well. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic , the 2020 installation of Kidzapalooza was canceled. Kidzapalooza has sprouted to other venues taking interest, such as the Hollywood Bowl hosting its own Kidzapalooza in 2008 as a stand-alone event. Another play on the Lollapalooza name, PurimPalooza is a celebration of Purim ,
10340-549: The venues in which they played. Blixa Bargeld, inspired by Antonin Artaud and an enthusiasm for amphetamines , also originated an art movement called Die Genialen Dilettanten. Bargeld is particularly well known for his hissing scream. In January 1984, Einstürzende Neubauten performed a Concerto for Voice and Machinery at the Institute of Contemporary Arts (the same site as COUM's Prostitution exhibition), drilling through
10450-412: The world. They go on to say that they wanted their music to be an awakening for listeners so that they would begin to think for themselves and question the world around them. Industrial Records intended the term industrial to evoke the idea of music created for a new generation, with previous music being more agricultural : P-Orridge stated that "there's an irony in the word 'industrial' because there's
10560-491: Was "initially a blend of avant-garde electronics experiments ( tape music , musique concrète , white noise , synthesizers , sequencers , etc.) and punk provocation." The term was coined in the mid-1970s with the founding of Industrial Records by members of Throbbing Gristle and Monte Cazazza . While the genre name originated with Throbbing Gristle's emergence in the United Kingdom, artists and labels vital to
10670-401: Was again rescheduled to September 10–12, 2021 due to continued COVID restrictions, this time not confirming its headliners or other attractions. After two years of expectations, the festival was rescheduled for a fourth time, to March 25–27, 2022. The festival finally returned in March 2022 on the scheduled dates, with headliners The Strokes and Miley Cyrus . Foo Fighters were supposed to close
10780-572: Was an EP in 1980 entitled Immediate Action by Strike Under . The label went on to distribute some of the most prominent names in industrial throughout the 1980s and 1990s. Wax Trax! also distributed industrial releases in the United States for the Belgium record label Play It Again Sam Records, and had opened a North American office dubbed Play It Again Sam U.S.A. as a division of Wax Trax!. Wax Trax!
10890-489: Was announced on January 17, 2017, and included Red Hot Chili Peppers and The Weeknd as headliners. Following that, the lineup included the likes of Imagine Dragons , Lana Del Rey , DJ Snake , London Grammar , Alt-J , The Roots , Marshmello , Liam Gallagher , Martin Solveig , Skepta , Glass Animals , Milky Chance , Don Diablo , Oliver Heldens , Crystal Fighters , Jauz , Alan Walker , and many more. Since then,
11000-462: Was announced that the first European Lollapalooza would be held in the German capital of Berlin. It was scheduled for September 12–13, 2015, and the proposed location was the historical airport grounds of Berlin-Tempelhof . In the official press release, festival founder Perry Farrell stated that, "Berlin's energy, vibrant art , fashion and music scenes are a mirror reflection of what Lollapalooza
11110-577: Was based on the lightning symbol of the British Union of Fascists , while the Industrial Records logo was a photo of Auschwitz . As some of the originating bands drifted away from the genre in the 1980s, industrial music expanded to include bands influenced by new wave music , hip hop music , jazz , disco , reggae , and new age music , sometimes incorporating pop music songwriting. A number of additional styles developed from
11220-470: Was closed in 2012, with no action taken. Music festival A music festival is a community event with performances of singing and instrument playing that is often presented with a theme such as musical genre (e.g., rock , blues , folk , jazz , classical music ), nationality , locality of musicians, or holiday . Music festivals are generally organized by individuals or organizations within networks of music production, typically music scenes,
11330-488: Was created originally by using mechanical and electric machinery and later advanced synthesizers, samplers and electronic percussion as the technology developed. Monroe also argues for Suicide as an influential contemporary of industrial musicians. Groups cited as inspirational by the founders of industrial music include the Velvet Underground , Joy Division , and Martin Denny . Genesis P-Orridge of Throbbing Gristle had
11440-420: Was held on March 16–18, 2018, with Pearl Jam , Lana Del Rey , The Killers , Red Hot Chili Peppers , and LCD Soundsystem as headliners. In October 2022, the lineup for the following year's event was announced and is set to include headliners Blink-182 , Billie Eilish , Lil Nas X , Drake , Rosalía , and Tame Impala . A Brazilian version of the event was confirmed in 2011, and had its inaugural edition at
11550-595: Was influenced by the music of '60s girl groups and tiki culture . Z'EV cited Christopher Tree (Spontaneous Sound), John Coltrane , Miles Davis , Tim Buckley , Jimi Hendrix , and Captain Beefheart, among others together with Tibetan , Balinese , Javanese , Indian , and African music as influential in his artistic life. Cabaret Voltaire cited Roxy Music as their initial forerunners, as well as Kraftwerk's Trans-Europe Express . Cabaret Voltaire also recorded pieces reminiscent of musique concrète and composers such as Morton Subotnick . Nurse with Wound cited
11660-462: Was replaced by Twenty One Pilots . Drake also cancelled his performance hours before he was scheduled to go onstage, causing commotion online as he was seen at an American club the night before; he was replaced by Skrillex . The 2024 edition happened on March 22–24, with Blink-182, SZA , Kings of Leon , Sam Smith , Arcade Fire , Limp Bizkit , and Titãs headlining. Kings of Leon were replacements for Paramore , who canceled just two months before
11770-546: Was scheduled to headline at the festival in 1994, reportedly being offered nearly $ 10 million to do it. However, frontman Kurt Cobain turned it down, and the band officially dropped out of the festival on April 7, 1994. Cobain's body was discovered in Seattle the next day. His widow, Courtney Love , made guest appearances at several shows, including the Philadelphia show at FDR Park (usually taking time given to her by
11880-625: Was subsequently purchased by TVT Records in 1992 who closed the independent Chicago label in 2001. Jim's Daughter, Julia Nash, resurrected Wax Trax! Records in 2011 with a 3-day charity event titled Wax Trax! Retrospectacle - 33 1/3 Year Anniversary. Julia officially released new material in 2014 under the Wax Trax! imprint and continues to run the record label from Chicago. The bands Clock DVA , Nocturnal Emissions , Whitehouse , Nurse with Wound , and SPK soon followed. Whitehouse intended to play "the most brutal and extreme music of all time",
11990-550: Was the inclusion of nonmusical features. Performers such as the Jim Rose Circus Side Show , an alternative freak show, and the Shaolin monks stretched the boundaries of rock culture. There was a tent for display of art pieces, virtual reality games, and information tables for political and environmental nonprofit groups, promoting counterculture and political awareness. "Basically, I'm bored", Farrell said at
12100-525: Was to serve as a commentary on modern society by eschewing what artists saw as trite connections to the past. Throbbing Gristle opposed the elements of traditional rock music remaining in the punk rock scene, declaring industrial to be "anti-music." Early industrial performances often involved taboo -breaking, provocative elements, such as mutilation , sado-masochistic elements and totalitarian imagery or symbolism, as well as forms of audience abuse, such as Throbbing Gristle's aiming high powered lights at
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