39-597: Lone Mountain Cemetery was a complex of cemeteries in the Lone Mountain neighborhood of San Francisco, California , United States on the land bounded by the present-day California Street, Geary Boulevard, Parker Avenue, and Presidio Avenue. Opened 1854, it eventually comprised Laurel Hill Cemetery, Calvary Cemetery, the Masonic Cemetery, and Odd Fellows Cemetery. Pressure to close the complex began around
78-719: A 19th-century prostitute in New Orleans. They moved to San Francisco together for work; and eventually (due to circumstances around a murder) Charles Cora was hung in 1852 by the San Francisco Committee of Vigilance . Right before the hanging, he married Bella Cora, and when he died she buried him at the Mission Dolores Cemetery. She was told that she couldn't be buried next to her husband at Mission Dolores, so she disinterred Charles Cora and buried him at Calvary Cemetery; and when she died, she
117-466: A platform with stairs and a low railing surrounding it. During the 1906 earthquake the Broderick's Monument obelisk lost its upper portion. Some of the other notable pioneer burials at this site included Judge Silas W. Sanderson ; politician, Samuel Williams Inge ; lawyer, Thomas W. Sutherland ; lawyer Thomas O. Larkin ; surgeon and University of California, San Francisco founder Hugh H. Toland ;
156-564: A popular place for family outings and picnics on Sunday. In 1860s there was a legal battle in the city over who was to administer Lone Mountain, as a result they decided to incorporate a section of the complex and settled on a name change to Laurel Hill Cemetery (the name of a noted cemetery in Philadelphia). Burials in the 19th-century were not always safe, and as urban graveyards such as Lone Mountain Cemetery eventually ran out of space, which resulted in burials without using coffins. It
195-461: A set number of years. From 1923 until 1929, ongoing litigation prevented the removal of the buried; the majority of the buried were moved on or after 1929. The bodies would be moved at no expense, but, for a headstone to be moved, the family had to pay the cost. As a result, many of the gravestones were reused for the sea wall at Aquatic Park , the creation of a breakwater at the St. Francis Yacht Club in
234-644: Is a National Historic Landmark and building complex on the San Francisco Bay waterfront within San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park . The district includes a beach, bathhouse, municipal pier, restrooms, concessions stand, stadia, and two speaker towers. The District's San Francisco Maritime Museum building was built as a bathhouse in 1936 by the WPA ; in streamline moderne style, its interior
273-494: Is also known as "University Terrace" because of the terraces that connect the two USF campuses. The Lone Mountain neighborhood of San Francisco is a vibrant community which includes residential and commercial areas, and is a university community. It is also the site of the Angelo J. Rossi Playground and Rossi Pool located at Arguello Boulevard and Anza Street. Aquatic Park Historic District Aquatic Park Historic District
312-412: Is decorated with fantastic, colorful murals. The Steamship Room illustrates the evolution of maritime technology from wind to steam, and there are displays of lithographic stones, scrimshaw, and whaling guns and photo-murals of San Francisco's early waterfront. A visitors gallery hosts such exhibitions as Sparks (2005), which showcased shipboard radio, radiotelephone, and radio-teletype equipment from over
351-479: Is one of San Francisco's historic hills . The Spanish name for Lone Mountain was El Divisadero, from the Spanish divisadero , which means a point from which one can look far. The Lone Mountain Cemetery was opened on May 30, 1854. In 1867, the cemetery was renamed Laurel Hill Cemetery. After decades of litigation and public debate, the gravesite remains were all moved, primarily to Cypress Lawn Memorial Park in
390-662: Is still standing in its same location. The majority of burial removal for this cemetery happened after 1929 because of litigation, and took around 6 years. In 1933, the 26,000 buried at the Odd Fellows Cemetery in San Francisco were moved to Greenlawn Memorial Park in Colma, California. Portions of the Odd Fellows Cemetery became the Rossi Playground, through W.P.A. labor. A five-acre tract of land
429-585: The Marina , lining for rain gutters in Buena Vista Park , and erosion control at Ocean Beach . Contractor Charles L. Harney was paid to dump the large crypts and large tomb markers into the San Francisco Bay. In the present-day, every once in a while the full-sized gravestones will emerge at Ocean Beach, particularly after a storm. From February 1940 until after World War II (circa 1945),
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#1732792005927468-630: The Warren Anatomical Museum . In 1940, as part of the mandated cemetery relocations within the city of San Francisco, Gage's headless body was relocated to Cypress Lawn Memorial Park in Colma, California. One of the notable grave markers within Lone Mountain Cemetery was for senator David Colbreth Broderick who died in the Broderick–Terry duel of 1859; the Broderick's Monument, which was a tall stone obelisk on
507-593: The " outside lands ", meaning it was outside of what was considered the city of San Francisco and was made of sandy soil. Prior to the establishment of Lone Mountain Cemetery, most of the burials in San Francisco were at the Yerba Buena Cemetery (present-day Civic Center Plaza ). Many of the burials within the Lone Mountain Cemetery complex were for the wealthy. The paths between the graves were named after known East Coast cemeteries, including Mount Auburn , Green-Wood , and Oak Hill . The cemeteries became
546-449: The 1880s that the cemeteries needed to be moved outside of the city ; complaints were made primarily by the nearby property owners who were concerned that the area would discourage any new development in the neighborhood, and for safety. At this point in history the grounds of the cemeteries had started to deteriorate, and became a haven for delinquents. In 1894, J. H. Bond, the editor of the local Richmond Banner newspaper, started to promote
585-660: The Golden Gate Bridge. It was created for the burial of members of the Masonic Order. Notable graves at Masonic Cemetery included Emperor Norton , James A. Johnson , and Thomas Bowles Shannon . In June 1901, an unknown number of remains at the Masonic Cemetery were moved to the Japanese Cemetery in Colma. Because of the passage of the Morris Act (1921), the Masonic Cemetery continued to move
624-678: The Hyde Street cable car turnaround. Hyde Street Pier, though part of the San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park, is not part of Aquatic Park Historic District. The Historic District was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987, and added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 26, 1984. The park is at the foot of Polk Street and a minute's walk from the visitor center and Hyde Street Pier. Its beach
663-591: The John Lo Schiavo, S.J. Center for Science and Innovation) they have found human remains and burial materials. The Odd Fellows Cemetery (active from 1864 to 1933) was approximately 27 acres located between Geary, Turk, Parker, and Arguello Streets. It was the burial site for local members of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows . In 1898, the Columbarium was built at the entrance, and which
702-512: The Laurel Hill Cemetery became subdivided for housing and shopping centers. The site of the Laurel Hill Cemetery (at 3333 California Street; number 760) is listed as a California Historical Landmark . The Calvary Catholic Cemetery , also known as Mount Calvary Cemetery (active from 1860 to 1941) was 49.2 acres in size, founded by Archbishop Joseph Sadoc Alemany who purchased sloped land on Lone Mountain on August 16, 1860. It
741-592: The Laurel Hill and Calvary Cemeteries moved their family remains at their own expense. The land for the Calvary Cemetery became subdivided for housing and shopping centers. The Masonic Cemetery (active from 1864 to 1935) was approximately 30 acres located between Turk, Fulton, Parker and Masonic Streets (now the University of San Francisco ). The tombstones were used as fill on the land leading up to
780-475: The Odd Fellows Cemetery had maintained the columbarium and surrounding memorial park land, and the additional land was used to create the Angelo Rossi Playground and Pool and some single family housing. Opened May 30, 1854, Lone Mountain Cemetery was planned to cover 320 acres. However the cemetery planners decided a smaller size would suffice the city. In 1854, this area was considered one of
819-657: The assistance of the Garden of Innocence organization in Colma, California. Lone Mountain (California) Lone Mountain is a neighborhood and a historic hill in west-central San Francisco , California . It is the present site of the northern half of the University of San Francisco 's main campus. It was once the location of the Lone Mountain Cemetery , a complex encompassing the Laurel Hill, Calvary, Masonic and Odd Fellows Cemeteries. Lone Mountain
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#1732792005927858-547: The beginning of the twentieth century, and by 1941 all remains within it had been moved elsewhere, mostly to a new necropolis in Colma, California , though some were never accounted for. The land from Laurel Hill Cemetery and Calvary Cemetery was eventually used to create housing and shopping centers within the Lone Mountain neighborhood, the Masonic Cemetery land became the campus for University of San Francisco (USF), and
897-506: The builder of the first wharf in the city, Squire Clark; an early sheriff, David Scannell ; newspaper editor, James King of William ; Commodore James Thomas Watkins ; founder of Woodward's Gardens , Robert B. Woodward; the inventor of the cable car, Andrew Smith Hallidie ; politician, James Van Ness ; U.S. Senator, William M. Stewart ; U.S. Senator, John Percival Jones ; San Francisco mayor, James Otis ; businessman, William Chapman Ralston ; and U.S. Senator, James Graham Fair . Some of
936-594: The city of Colma , immediately south of San Francisco. In what writer Harold Gilliam described as "an act of civic vandalism", thousands of crypts and mausoleums were unearthed, the granite and marble dumped along the Pacific shoreline to reinforce seawalls. The Lone Mountain College (formerly Sacred Heart Academy and San Francisco College for Women) was founded in 1898; and changed leadership and ownership many times, before becoming part of USF. The Lone Mountain area
975-423: The city over who was to administer Lone Mountain. As a result, Lone Mountain Cemetery was renamed to Laurel Hill Cemetery, with the filing of the articles of incorporation by many wealthy locals, including William Chapman Ralston , John Parrott, Henry Huntly Haight , Nicholas Luning, James Otis , Alvinza Hayward , Henry Mayo Newhall , and C. C. Butler. The new name of Laurel Hill Cemetery started in 1867, and it
1014-494: The city. By late 1910, cremation was also prohibited within the city. The California State Legislature passed the Morris Act in 1921, authored by Clarence W. Morris (1888–1965), which allowed a cemetery to be abandoned if ratified by a majority of lot owners. The Morris Act of 1921 was stopped by litigation and by 1923 a second Morris Act had passed, giving municipalities the ability to remove bodies, but requiring "police power" and requiring burial to have been prohibited by law for
1053-441: The construction of a new burial chamber; and after the war the cost to build was too high, so instead the remains were placed beneath a large burial mound at Cypress Lawn. It was not until 1993, that the memorial obelisk for those that were re-interred was placed on the 5 acre mound at Cypress Lawn. There had been plans to create a 5-acre memorial park in the Laurel Hill neighborhood, which did not receive enough support. The land for
1092-660: The families of those interred at the Laurel Hill and Calvary Cemeteries moved their family remains at their own expense. In June 1901, an unknown number of remains from Laurel Hill Cemetery were moved to the Japanese Cemetery , Cypress Lawn Memorial Park , and the Serbian Cemetery, all in Colma. 35,000 of the Laurel Hill remains were removed between 1939 and 1940, and placed in redwood coffins, and were taken to Colma; where they were stored for six years in Cypress Abbey Mausoleum. World War II had delayed
1131-667: The graves, until they were stopped by litigation. The majority of burial removal for this cemetery happened after 1929 because of litigation, and took around 6 years. Some 40,000 of the buried in Masonic were moved to Woodlawn Cemetery in Colma. All of the 30 acres became part of the campus of the University of San Francisco (formerly St. Ignatius College). Many of the remains had been unaccounted for, and during three different occasions of campus building and renovations (which included USF's Gleeson Library, Hayes-Healy residence hall, and
1170-410: The process of moving the last remains from San Francisco to Colma was completed. The Lone Mountain Cemetery (active from 1854 to c. 1940 ) was 55.4 acres at the time of founding and was located between California, Euclid, Masonic and Arguello Streets. The first burial at Lone Mountain Cemetery was interred on June 10, 1854, and he was named John Orr. In the 1860s, there was a legal battle in
1209-477: The removal of the graves because in Calvary Cemetery they were on " hallowed ground". By 1937, the Catholic Archdiocese stopped fighting the removal of the buried; and some 55,000 bodies were removed with a priest in attendance and privacy screens. Approximately 40,000 remains at the Calvary Cemetery were moved to Holy Cross Cemetery in Colma, the project spanned many years. Some of the families of
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1248-407: The removal of these cemeteries with a move to Colma due to the decay of the gravestones. Bond had been vocal on this issue for two decades and supported the common idea (for its time) that cemeteries "planted germs of disease in the organs of breathing life." The Catholic Archdiocese opposed the removal of the graves because in Calvary Cemetery they were on " hallowed ground". Another point of argument
1287-529: The years. In front of the Maritime Museum is a man-made lagoon on the site of the former Black Point Cove. Black Point Cove was named for Black Point, which is a headland just above the cove, in Fort Mason . To the west is the horseshoe-shaped Municipal Pier. The lagoon is fronted by a sandy beach and a stepped concrete seawall. To the south is a grassy area known as Victorian Park, which contains
1326-722: Was buried next to him in Calvary. In 1916, the San Francisco Bulletin newspaper published a serial about the Coras by Pauline Jacobson. As a result of the news coverage, Bella Cora and Charles Cora were disinterred from Calvary Cemetery and reburied beneath a common headstone at the Mission Dolores Cemetery . Notable graves in Calvary included politicians, James A. McDougall ; Eugene Casserly ; and Delos R. Ashley . The Catholic Archdiocese opposed
1365-459: Was located between Geary, Turk, Saint Joseph, and Masonic Streets. The graves of this cemetery were predominantly of the Irish. In 1860, a chapel was built on Point Lobos (now Geary Boulevard), where Joseph Alemany held mass once a month. In 1862, 4 wooden crosses were added to the top of Lone Mountain. Charles Cora (c. 1810–1852) was an Italian-born gambler, who had met Belle Cora (c. 1827–1862),
1404-539: Was named after the Laurel Hill garden cemetery in Philadelphia. In 1848, Phineas Gage had survived a work accident when a large iron rod driven was completely through his head, destroying parts of his brain and skull. He died in 1860 and was buried in Lone Mountain Cemetery. In 1866, his physician John Martyn Harlow exhumed his skull in order to study it, and placed the skull with the iron bar on display at
1443-418: Was not uncommon to hear reports of body parts found in mausoleums or near the cemetery during this time. Chinese mourners would leave food offerings for the dead at the cemetery, which in turn brought "hungry vagrants". In 1866, a news story ran that stated "the Lone Mountain cemetery was rapidly filling up, creating deadly gasses" due to the large quantity of remains decomposing. The idea started circulating in
1482-513: Was retained for the columbarium and memorial park. A casket and the remains of two-year-old Edith Howard Cook , who had died in 1876 and was buried at Odd Fellows Cemetery, was discovered in 2016 under a house in the Richmond District . After an archaeoforensic investigation the child's remains, the results were matched to the nearest living relative, a great-nephew. Edith was reburied in a public ceremony at Greenlawn Memorial Park with
1521-509: Was the importance of the buried San Francisco pioneers, and moving them would be disrespectful, "preserve the sanctity of the dead". The battle to remove the cemeteries continued for years, with groups such as the "Cemetery Defense League" and "Save our Cemeteries" fighting to stop city evictions. In 1902, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors had passed a law to prohibit the sale of grave lots or to permit any new burials within
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