In the United Kingdom , the Great Officers of State are traditional ministers of the Crown who either inherit their positions or are appointed to exercise certain largely ceremonial functions or to operate as members of the government. Separate Great Officers exist for England and Wales , Scotland , and formerly for Ireland , though some exist for Great Britain and the United Kingdom as a whole.
41-833: The title Lord President may refer to one of several offices: Lord President of the Council , the presiding officer of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom Lord President of the Court of Session , the Chief Justice and Lord Justice General of Scotland Lord President of the Supreme Court , the title of the head of the judiciary (now Chief Justice) of Malaysia until 1994 Lord President of
82-494: A month, wherever the sovereign may be residing at the time, to give formal approval to Orders in Council . Only a few privy counsellors need attend such meetings, and only when invited to do so at the government's request. As the duties of the Lord President are not onerous, the post has often been given to a government minister whose responsibilities are not department-specific. In recent years it has been most typical for
123-811: A rule, so that they may continue to carry out their ceremonial functions in the House. The Lord High Constable (formally the Lord High Constable of England ) was the commander of the royal armies and the Master of the Horse and, in conjunction with the Earl Marshal , president of the Court of Chivalry or Court of Honour . The office was originally inherited by the Earls of Hereford , though it reverted to
164-644: Is at the head of the law offices of Scotland; all prosecutors act in his/her name. The Lord Justice Clerk serves as a deputy of the Lord Justice General. Finally, the Lord Lyon King of Arms is the sole judge in the Lyon Court , which determines cases relating to heraldry . Prior to the Union of 1707 there were eight officers of state: four greater officers, and four lesser officers. This
205-543: Is currently always held by His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Justice . Historically, the Chancellor has enjoyed duties pertaining to the judiciary, and in the past he was the presiding officer of the House of Lords, and was made a peer if not already one; however, since 2007 only commoners have been appointed to the office. The Lord Keeper of the Great Seal was generally a temporary position to handle
246-498: Is the mechanism through which interdepartmental agreement is reached on those items of Government business which, for historical or other reasons, fall to Ministers as Privy Counsellors rather than as Departmental Ministers." The routine functions of the lord president are as follows: In addition to his or her routine functions, the lord president also serves as the visitor for several English universities, including: Great Officers of State (United Kingdom) Initially, after
287-853: Is upon the offices of Treasurer of the Exchequer and Lord High Treasurer of Ireland, and not on the Lord High Treasurer of the United Kingdom. The Commissioners include the Prime Minister and the Chancellor of the Exchequer , who act as First Lord and Second Lord of the Treasury respectively, with other junior government whips serving as junior lords. The Lord President of the Council presides over His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council , otherwise known as
328-631: Is vested in the Crown, who may otherwise dispense it to other individuals (mainly members of the Royal Family ), or put it under commission, notably when it was held by the Board of Admiralty , from 1708 to 1964. The term "officer of state" is sometimes used loosely of any great office under the Crown. As in England, many offices are hereditary . A number of historical offices ended at, or soon after,
369-707: The College of Arms , and issues warrants for the grant of arms in England, Wales and Ireland. His Majesty's High Court of Chivalry , with jurisdiction over all matters relating to heraldry, is presided over by the Earl Marshal. The Lord High Admiral (formally the Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom ) is the ceremonial head of the Royal Navy , holding no command at sea but, rather, jurisdiction over maritime affairs, including courts. The office
410-492: The Dukes of Ancaster and Kesteven . The 3rd Duke left two daughters as heirs. The House of Lords ruled that the two sisters were jointly Lord Great Chamberlain and could appoint a Deputy to fulfil the functions of the office. The same ruling was applied in 1902 for the then joint office holders, the 1st Earl of Ancaster , the 4th Marquess of Cholmondeley , and the 1st Earl Carrington . In 1912 an agreement
451-895: The Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain ) is the most senior of the Great Officers other than the Lord High Steward (who is appointed only on a temporary basis for coronations): he is the cabinet minister responsible for the Ministry of Justice (formerly the Lord Chancellor's Department and the Department for Constitutional Affairs ), and formally the Keeper of the Great Seal . The office
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#1732764839281492-742: The Norman Conquest , England adopted the officers from the Normandy Ducal court (which was modelled after the French court) with a steward , chamberlain and constable . Originally having both household and governmental duties, some of these officers later split into two counterparts in Great Officer of the State and officer of the royal household, while other offices were superseded by new offices or absorbed by existing offices. This
533-779: The Treaty of Union 1707 . There are also a number of Officers of the Crown and Great Officers of the Royal Household. These Officers of State were also called "Officers of the Crown" despite there being a separate group of officers so named that are not officers of state and, unlike the officers of state, did not sit or vote in meetings. — James Ogilvy 1st Earl of Seafield (Lord High Chancellor) David Boyle 1st Earl of Glasgow (Treasurer-depute) The Honourable Francis Montgomerie (Treasurer in Parliament ) John Erskine 23rd and 6th Earl of Mar After
574-573: The British war economy and consequently the entire British war effort. Winston Churchill , clearly believing that this wartime co-ordinating role was beneficial, introduced a similar but expanded system in the first few years of his post-war premiership . The so-called 'overlord ministers' included Frederick Leathers as Secretary of State for the Co-ordination of Transport, Fuel and Power and Lord Woolton as Lord President. Woolton's job
615-576: The Council King Charles III [REDACTED] William, Prince of Wales [REDACTED] Charles III ( King-in-Council ) [REDACTED] Starmer ministry ( L ) Keir Starmer ( L ) Angela Rayner ( L ) ( King-in-Parliament ) [REDACTED] Charles III [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The Lord Reed The Lord Hodge Andrew Bailey Monetary Policy Committee The Lord President of
656-777: The Council is the presiding officer of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom and the fourth of the Great Officers of State , ranking below the Lord High Treasurer but above the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal . The Lord President usually attends and is responsible for chairing the meetings of the Privy Council, presenting business for the approval of the Sovereign . The Privy Council meets once
697-763: The Council of the North , the historical office of the English monarch's representative in the north of England Lord President of Munster Lord President of Connaught Lord President of Wales In fiction [ edit ] Lord President of the High Council of Time Lords , the most senior office of the Time Lords in the Doctor Who universe Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
738-523: The Council, solely to preside over a meeting of the Privy Council held in a Commonwealth realm . Examples of this practice are the meetings in New Zealand in 1990 and 1995, when Geoffrey Palmer and James Bolger respectively were acting Lords President. Andrea Leadsom 's appointment in June 2017 was the first in some time where the post holder was not a full Cabinet member. "The Privy Council
779-489: The Crown in 1512 on the attainder of Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham , and is now reinstated only for the day of a coronation (where he commands the whole of the coronation troops). The Earl Marshal of England assumed the place of the Constable in the royal palace in the command of the royal armies. The Earl Marshal (formally the Earl Marshal and Hereditary Marshal of England ), held in conjunction with
820-1016: The Great Seal by the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery and the Crown Office . The Chief Justiciar (which superseded the Lord High Steward) was once ranked above the Lord High Chancellor in power, influence and dignity until 1231, when the position lost its standing in the Kingdom. With the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 , the Lord Chancellor has been replaced in some roles by the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales as head of
861-596: The Great Seal until the appointment of a new High Chancellor, or for a non-noble appointment. Eventually, the Keeper was granted the same status as the Chancellor. By the late 1700s, the Lord Keeper's role was merged into the Chancellorship itself. Lords Commissioners of the Great Seal may be appointed to exercise the office of Lord Chancellor. The Lord Chancellor is assisted in his responsibility as custodian of
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#1732764839281902-666: The Lord High Treasurer. The Chamberlain also has charge of the Palace of Westminster (working within the House of Lords), and is responsible for arrangements during the State Opening of Parliament , a role which he shares with the Earl Marshal. The office was originally held by the Earls of Oxford . Later, however, the Chamberlainship came to be inherited by the Earl of Lindsey and then his multiple heirs, who later became
943-630: The Lord Keeper of His Majesty's Privy Seal) was responsible for the monarch's privy seal , until the use of such seal became obsolete, and is now considered a sinecure position, usually granted to the Leader of one or other of the Houses of Parliament . The Lord Great Chamberlain (formally the Lord Great Chamberlain of England ) originally had financial duties pertaining to the royal Court , though these duties have now been assumed by
984-625: The Lord President also to serve as Leader of the House of Commons or Leader of the House of Lords . The Lord President has no role in the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council . In the history of British government, the President of the Council is a relatively recent creation. The first certain appointment to the office being that of the Duke of Suffolk in 1529. Although there is a reference to Edmund Dudley serving as 'president of
1025-551: The Privy Council, though different governments have given the office various additional duties (as Churchill did after the Second World War ). Since 1951, the office has usually been held by either the Leader of the House of Commons or the Leader of the House of Lords , with the other serving as Lord Privy Seal , though the office can be given to other high-ranking government ministers. The Lord Privy Seal (formally
1066-565: The Treasury Lords Commissioners of His Majesty’s Treasury Lord Marshal of England (1135–1386) Lord High Admiral of Great Britain (1707–1800) Lord (High) Admiral of England (1512–1707) High Admiral of England, Ireland and Aquitaine (1385–1512) The Lord High Steward (formally the Lord High Steward of England ) has the sole power to preside over the impeachment trials of peers,
1107-515: The abolition of the Mayor of the Palace , France established seven officers of the crown (ordered by rank): the high constable , the high admiral , the high or great chancellor , the great justiciar, the great chamberlain , the great protonotary , and the great steward or seneschal . These offices were duplicated in the Kingdom of Scotland. By the time of King Malcolm II, the great protonotary
1148-469: The council' in 1497, it was only in 1529 that the role was given the style and precedence of a Great Officer of State by act of Parliament ( 21 Hen. 8 . c. 20). Prior to 1679 there were several periods in which the office was left vacant. During coronations of the monarch, the Lord President carries the Sword of State . In the 19th century, the Lord President was generally the cabinet member responsible for
1189-476: The education system, amongst his other duties. This role was gradually scaled back in the late 19th and early 20th centuries but remnants of it remain, such as the oversight of the governance of various universities. During times of National or coalition government the office of Lord President has sometimes been held by the leader of a minority party (e.g. Baldwin 1931–1935, MacDonald 1935–1937, Attlee 1943–1945, Clegg 2010–2015). It has been suggested that
1230-625: The judiciary, and the Lord Speaker as chair of the House of Lords . The Lord High Treasurer (formally the Lord High Treasurer of the United Kingdom ), is responsible for government finances and spending. The office has been vacant since the death of Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury , in 1714. With the passing of the Consolidated Fund Act 1816 , the offices of Lord High Treasurer of Great Britain (who in turn held
1271-458: The last of which happened in 1806. The most visible duty of the Lord High Steward today, even though purely ceremonial, is bearing St Edward's Crown at the coronations of monarchs . The Lord High Stewardship was held by the Earls of Leicester until 1399, when it was merged into the Crown. Since 1421, the office is vested during coronations (and in the past for the trial of peers), and is otherwise left vacant. The Lord Chancellor (formally
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1312-438: The office Marshal of England, was originally responsible for the monarch's horses and stables, as well as taking charge over the royal armies; these duties were shared with the Constable. His duties evolved to ceremonial responsibilities in regard to the organisation of major ceremonial state occasions, most notably coronations, state funerals, and the State Opening of Parliament. The Earl Marshal also remains to have charge over
1353-407: The office has been intermittently used for Prime Ministerial deputies in the past. A particularly vital role was played by the Lord President of the Council during the Second World War . The Lord President served as chairman of the Lord President's Committee . This committee acted as a central clearing house which dealt with the country's economic problems. This was vital to the smooth running of
1394-412: The office of Treasurer of the Exchequer of Great Britain ) and Lord High Treasurer of Ireland were merged into that of the Lord High Treasurer of the United Kingdom. The Act also enabled His Majesty to put the two offices in commission, granting the powers of the Lord High Treasurer to the said commission (the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty’s Treasury ). Contrary to popular belief, the commission
1435-462: The title Lord President . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lord_President&oldid=1109552425 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Lord President of
1476-537: Was due to many of the offices becoming hereditary because of feudalistic practices, and thus removed from the practical operation of either the state or the Royal Household . The Great Officers then gradually expanded to cover multiple duties, and have now become largely ceremonial. Lord High Chancellor of England (1068–1707) Lord High Treasurer of Great Britain (1714–1817) Lord High Treasurer of England ( c. 1126 –1714) Chancellor and Under-Treasurer of His Majesty's Exchequer and Second Lord of
1517-611: Was extinct and the great justiciar was replaced by the Lord Justice General . The post of High Constable is held by the Earls of Erroll . Originally, the heads of the Keith family held the office of Earl Marischal but, in 1716, the holder was attainted for treason, and the office has not been re-granted. The Dukes of Argyll are the Hereditary Masters of the Household. All other officers are Crown appointments. Many of these offices, though originally associated with political power, are now only ceremonial . The remaining officers are related to Scotland's judiciary . The Lord Justice General
1558-417: Was limited by an act of parliament, such that two officers of state, Comptroller and Master of Requests, were merged with Lord High Treasurer and Lord Secretary respectively. The greater officers were the Lord High Chancellor , Lord High Treasurer , Lord Privy Seal and Lord Secretary ; the lesser officers were the Lord Clerk Register , Lord Advocate , Lord Treasurer-depute and Lord Justice Clerk , with
1599-403: Was originally an important noble , though in the 19th century the office was combined with that of Lord President of the Court of Session . Now, the Lord Justice General is the head of Scotland's judiciary. The Lord Clerk Register is an officer with miscellaneous functions that include conducting the elections of Scottish representative peers , and registering births and deaths. The Lord Advocate
1640-409: Was reached that the office should rotate every reign amongst themselves and their heirs, with the Cholmondeleys serving every other reign, and the heirs of Ancaster and Carrington every four reigns each. The House of Lords Act 1999 removed the automatic right of hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords, but the Act provided that the Lord Great Chamberlain and the Earl Marshal be exempt from such
1681-480: Was to co-ordinate the then separate ministries of agriculture and food. The historian Lord Hennessy of Nympsfield quotes a PhD thesis by Michael Kandiah saying that Woolton was "arguably the most successful of the Overlords" partly because his ministries were quite closely related; indeed, they were merged in 1955 as the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food . On several occasions since 1954, non-British Ministers have served briefly as acting Lords President of