The Groupe Latécoère ( French: [ɡʁup latekɔɛʁ] ) is an aircraft company based in Toulouse , France. Founded by the aeronautics pioneer Pierre-Georges Latécoère during 1917, the company became well known in its first few decades for its range of seaplanes , such as the six-engined Latécoère 631 .
31-657: Presently, Groupe Latécoère operates as a major supplier of aerostructures, producing sections of fuselage and doors, having become the second-largest European supplier of onboard electrical wire harnesses and avionics bays through its Latelec subsidiary company. It is currently a member of the CAC Small and participates in all segments of aeronautics: commercial airliners with Airbus and Boeing , regional aircraft with Embraer and Bombardier , business aircraft with Dassault Aviation , as well as military aircraft with Dassault and Airbus. The company has its roots in
62-579: A subcontractor to multiple aircraft manufacturers, such as Airbus , Boeing , Dassault Aviation , Bombardier Aerospace and Embraer . Furthermore, Groupe Latecoere provides design and engineering services for select clients. In addition to the firm's primary base in France, it operates at locations throughout the world, including the Czech Republic , Romania , the United States , Spain ,
93-562: A brother, André, and a sister, Alice. He began his musical career as a guitarist accompanying other singers. He had learned the guitar by imitating Django Reinhardt 's recordings, and was to work alongside him in the 1940s. Salvador recorded several songs written by Boris Vian with Quincy Jones as arranger. He played many years with Ray Ventura and His Collegians where he used to sing, dance and even play comedy on stage. He also appeared in movies including Nous irons à Monte-Carlo (1950), Nous irons à Paris (Jean Boyer's film of 1949 with
124-430: A conductor that is to be affixed to a post, stud, chassis, another tongue, etc., to establish an electrical connection." Some types of terminals include ring, tongue, spade, flag, hook, blade, quick-connect, offset and flagged. Once a cable harness has been produced, it is often subject to various tests to ensure its quality and functionality. A test board can be used to measure the harness' electrical capabilities. This
155-541: A new company headquarters. In early April 2019, it was announced that private equity firm Searchlight Capital had agreed to purchase a 26 percent stake in Groupe Latécoère in exchange for $ 106.8 million. By December 2019, the buying of additional shares had given Searchlight a controlling stake in the firm; this generated some political controversy over the firm's now-foreign ownership. aircraft marked * were projects only Source The name Latécoère
186-515: A single twisted pair cable rather than a traditional analog multicore. Although customer specifications take the highest priority when creating cable harnesses of a certain quality, in North America if no such specifications are found the quality standards of a cable harness are standardized by the IPC 's publication IPC/WHMA-A-620 for minimal requirements for cable harnesses. This publication
217-451: A special workbench , or onto a pin board ( assembly board ), according to the design specification, to form the cable harness. After fitting any protective sleeves, conduit, or extruded yarn, the harness is either fitted directly in the vehicle or shipped. In spite of increasing automation , hand manufacture continues to be the primary method of cable harness production in general, due to the many different processes involved, such as: It
248-407: A wire harness and its interaction with the environment it will endure during its lifetime. This considers the operating conditions the wire harness is meant to operate under, i.e. temperature, mechanical stress, environmental and chemical wear. This component considers the protective materials wire harnesses have like corrugated tubes, braided or silica sleeves. Electrical engineering is the field
279-407: Is achieved through the input of data about a circuit which one or more cable harnesses will be part of being programmed into the test board. The harness is then measured for its ability to function in the simulated circuit. Another popular test method for a cable harness is a 'pull test', in which the harness is attached to a machine that pulls the harness at a constant rate. This test then measures
310-556: Is an assembly of electrical cables or wires which transmit signals or electrical power. The cables are bound together by a durable material such as rubber , vinyl , electrical tape , conduit , a weave of extruded string, or a combination thereof. Commonly used in automobiles , as well as construction machinery, cable harnesses provide several advantages over loose wires and cables. For example, many aircraft, automobiles and spacecraft contain many masses of wires which would stretch over several kilometers if fully extended. By binding
341-401: Is difficult to automate these processes, with major suppliers still using manual means of production, only automating portions of the process. Manual production remains more cost effective than automation, especially with small batch sizes. Pre-production can be automated in part. This affects: A wire harness must also be manufactured with a terminal, defined as "a device designed to terminate
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#1732775603637372-569: Is part of a "mystique" in France around the beginning of aviation and adventurers. It is part of a famous song by Henri Salvador , " Jardin d'Hiver ", in its 3rd verse : A possibly even more popular (and arguably very gross) reference is found in Lola Rastaquouère , a song by Serge Gainsbourg , a famous and controversial French artist: Latécoère is mentioned by name in the first sentence of Antoine de Saint Exupéry's famous autobiographical work, Wind, Sand, and Stars , (1936) - from
403-449: Is reviewed frequently to ensure that the standards published remain of an acceptable standard in light of potential changes to the industry or technology that may occur. The IPC/WHMA-A-620 publication has standards for a wide range of elements within a cable harness, including but not limited to electrostatic discharge protection , conduit , installation and repairs, crimping, pull-test requirements, and other operations that are critical to
434-511: Is then provided (either on paper or on a monitor) for the assembly preparation and assembly. The wires are first cut to the desired length, usually using a special wire-cutting machine. The wires may also be printed on by a special machine during the cutting process or on a separate machine. After this, the ends of the wires are stripped to expose the metal (or core ) of the wires, which are fitted with any required terminals or connector housings . The cables are assembled and clamped together on
465-617: The First World War ; during September 1917, aeronautics pioneer Pierre-Georges Latécoère decided to invest in a series of factories in Toulouse . The business initially focused on the production of military material, such as shells and aircraft. It reportedly delivered roughly 800 aircraft to the French Army . Following the end of the conflict, Latécoère engaged in the design and manufacture of numerous seaplanes . Perhaps
496-604: The Parc des Princes . Henri Salvador continues to be popular today. In 2000, Virgin Records released a CD featuring popular hits such as "Jazz Mediterrannée", which continues to receive regular air play. In 2002, his album Chambre avec vue sold over two million copies. In 2005, Salvador was awarded the Brazilian Order of Cultural Merit, which he received from the acclaimed singer and Minister of Culture, Gilberto Gil , in
527-566: The Peters Sisters ) and Mademoiselle s'amuse (1948). He is known to have recorded the first French rock and roll songs in 1957 written by Boris Vian and Michel Legrand — "Rock'n Roll Mops", "Rock hoquet, Va t'faire cuire un oeuf, man" and "Dis-moi qu'tu m'aimes rock" — under the artist name of Henry Cording (a play on the word "Recording"). Despite this historical aspect, he never ceased to claim that he disliked rock and roll and even refused to talk about this subject later on. In
558-519: The United Kingdom , Tunisia , Mexico and Brazil . Latecoere SA operates through a number of subsidiary businesses, including Letov Kbely , Latecoere do Brasil , and LaTelec , among others. During the early 2010s, there were rumours that the British industrial conglomerate GKN would potentially acquire Groupe Latécoère. In early 2015, as a consequence of the company's high debt ratio,
589-700: The 1960s, Salvador was the host of several popular television variety shows on French TV. In 1964, he scored a hit with "Zorro est arrivé", which was adapted from The Coasters ' U.S. hit " Along Came Jones ". He is also famous for his rich, catchy laugh, which is a theme in many of his humorous songs. In 1969, Henri Salvador recorded a variation of " Mah Nà Mah Nà " entitled "Mais non, mais non" ("But No, But No" or "Of Course Not, Of Course Not"), with lyrics he had written in French to Piero Umiliani 's music. Henri Salvador and his song " Dans mon île " (1957) were thought to be an influence on Antônio Carlos Jobim in formulating
620-595: The 1989 French dubbing of Disney 's The Little Mermaid . Recordings of "Embrasse-la" (" Kiss the Girl ") can be found on YouTube. Salvador discovered singers Keren Ann and Art Mengo . He died of a ruptured aneurysm at his home in the early hours of 13 February 2008. He was 90 years of age. He was buried next to his wife Jacqueline in Père-Lachaise Cemetery . He was known as a supporter of Paris Saint-Germain F.C. He obtained four seats for life in
651-477: The Brazilian bossa nova style. Famous Brazilian composer and singer Caetano Veloso made Henri Salvador famous to Brazilian audiences with the song "Reconvexo", in which he says "quem não sentiu o swing de Henri Salvador?" ("who hasn't felt the swing of Henri Salvador?"). Veloso also recorded a version of Salvador's song "Dans mon île". At the age of 70, Salvador was the voice-over of the crab Sebastian in
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#1732775603637682-597: The English translation: "In 1926 I was enrolled as student airline pilot by the Latécoère Company, the predecessors of Aéropostale (now Air France) in the operation of the line between Toulouse, in southwestern France, and Dakar, in French West Africa." Cable harness A cable harness , also known as a wire harness , wiring harness , cable assembly , wiring assembly or wiring loom ,
713-419: The cable harness' strength and electrical conductivity when pulled against a minimum standard to ensure that cable harnesses are consistently effective and safe. The cable harnesses used in sound reinforcement and recording studios are called multicores , also known as snakes or looms . They carry audio signals between a mixing console and stage box . Modern digital mixing consoles typically use
744-409: The firm restructured its operations, resulting in a significant drop in debt levels via an equity exchange, opening itself up to greater foreign ownership in the process. By September 2017, the company's financial situation had improved to such an extent that it was reportedly once again looking to expand its aerospace portfolio via acquisitions. That same year, it also committed to the establishment of
775-462: The focuses on developing the logical, electrical and topological architecture of the wire harnesses. When designing the electrical wires that will be used one must consider the operating ratings of wires for communication protocols usually specified under the communication protocol's design standards developed by automotive entities like ASME, ISO or JASO. Cable harnesses are usually designed according to geometric and electrical requirements. A diagram
806-400: The many wires and cables into a cable harness, the wires and cables can be better secured against the adverse effects of vibrations, abrasions, and moisture. By constricting the wires into a non-flexing bundle, usage of space is optimized, and the risk of a short is decreased. Since the installer has only one harness to install (as opposed to multiple wires), installation time is decreased and
837-556: The most significant of these was the six-engined Latécoère 631 , a large passenger aircraft designed for transatlantic journeys. Billed as being The Ship of the Skies , the 631 performed its maiden flight during 1939; a total of 10 aircraft were completed. It was the largest production seaplane to ever be built, having a wingspan roughly one-third larger than the Short Sunderland , another contemporary large seaplane. The type
868-624: The presence of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva for his influence on Brazilian culture, particularly on bossa nova , to whose invention he contributed. That same year he took 52nd place in the election of Le Plus Grand Français (The Greatest Frenchman). Salvador became a commander of the French Légion d'honneur and of the French National Order of Merit . In 2007, he released Révérence on V2 Records, featuring Gilberto Gil and Caetano Veloso. He then went on to perform
899-408: The process can be easily standardized. Binding the wires into a flame retardant sleeve also lowers the risk of electrical fires. The design of a wire harness usually requires the effort of two main engineering disciplines that focus on different functioning requirements, mechanical engineering and electrical engineering. Mechanical engineering is the field that focuses on the physical parameters of
930-640: The production and function of cable harnesses. The standards mandated by the IPC differ based on a product's classification under one of three defined product classes. These classes are: Henri Salvador Henri Salvador (18 July 1917 – 13 February 2008) was a French Caribbean comedian, singer and cabaret artist. Salvador was born in Cayenne , French Guiana . His father, Clovis, and his mother, Antonine Paterne, daughter of an Indigenous Carib , were both from Guadeloupe , French West Indies . Salvador had
961-468: Was performing regular passenger services up until September 1955. By the turn of the century, Groupe Latecoere was principally known for the manufacture of aircraft equipment and aerostructures production. In the equipment sector, it is a leading manufacturer of avionics bays, onboard electrical harnesses, and closed-circuit television (CCTV) systems. Aerostructure work includes the production of fuselage sections, including both passenger and cargo doors, as