Mid 20th Century
164-570: The Latin American Xchange ( LAX ) is a professional wrestling stable that has wrestled in various incarnations primarily for Total Nonstop Action / Impact Wrestling and currently in Major League Wrestling (MLW). The group achieved initial success as a stable consisting of Konnan, Hernandez and Homicide . Puerto Rican wrestler Apolo was a brief original member, who was later replaced by Machete . Later, upon
328-490: A Ghetto Brawl , and the match was won by LAX. Later that week, the teams faced each other again a six-man tag match, in what would end up being another victory for LAX and Shelley. The LAX would claim to rob the legacy of Team 3D, until Team 3D with their honorary WWE, WCW and ECW tag team championships in tow, would challenge LAX at Lockdown . LAX accepted, under the condition that the Six Sides of Steel would be electrified,
492-604: A visa ). For example, most of the estimated 200,000 illegal immigrants in Canada (perhaps as high as 500,000) are refugee claimants whose refugee applications were rejected but who have not yet been expelled from the country. Another example is formed by children of foreigners born in countries observing jus soli ("right of territory"), such as was the case in France until 1994 and in Ireland until 2005. In these countries, it
656-446: A " gimmick " consisting of a specific persona , stage name , entrance theme , and other distinguishing traits. Matches are the primary vehicle for advancing storylines, which typically center on interpersonal conflicts, or feuds , between heroic " faces " and villainous " heels ". A wrestling ring , akin to the platform used in boxing , serves as the main stage ; additional scenes may be recorded for television in backstage areas of
820-402: A "Titles vs. Career" match after James Storm deliberately hit Chris Harris with a beer bottle. The loss forced AMW to disband. On the edition of January 4, 2007 of Impact! , Homicide and Brother Runt competed in a "Lucha Callejera", or Street Fight . The match ended with Hernandez interfering when he applied a Border Toss on Runt, throwing him into a propped-up ladder. Then LAX entered into
984-550: A "border" around the Spanish announcer area (where he provided Spanish commentary alongside Moody Jack Meléndez ) and denied entry to non-Latino individuals (they usually used the derogatory term " gringo " when referring to American wrestlers or non-Latino wrestlers in general). LAX often jumped any wrestlers who wander too close to the area. On the June 29 episode of Impact! , Jim Cornette declared that LAX's work stoppage would mean
1148-501: A "check stoppage". Homicide would wrestle on the July 6 episode, with the stipulation that LAX have a special Spanish ring entrance, announced by Melendez. Konnan later made an offer to Ron "The Truth" Killings to join LAX. After Killings denied the offer, LAX assaulted him. LAX also attempted to give Sonjay Dutt a similar beating after one of Dutt's matches, but Killings interfered and made
1312-546: A Fans' Revenge match being booked for the tag titles at Victory Road . After defeating Beer Money, Inc. at Victory Road, LAX fought them once again for the TNA World Tag Team Championships at Hard Justice this time in a regular two-on-two match. Beer Money, Inc. claimed victory in the match when Roode crashed a beer bottle over Homicide's head, allowing Storm to gain the pinfall, thus ending LAX's four-month reign as champions. At No Surrender , LAX
1476-510: A POE is considered unlawful, but not a criminal offence, or a civil offence under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act , SC 2001, c 27. Regulations under IRPA require that a person seeking to enter Canada outside a POE should "appear without delay" at the nearest entry point. Section 33 of the IRPA requires that any legal charges against a migrant be stayed while an entrant's asylum claim
1640-413: A background in authentic wrestling no longer mattered. After this time, matches became more outlandish and gimmicky and any semblance professional wrestling had to catch wrestling faded. The personas of the wrestlers likewise grew more outlandish. Gorgeous George , who performed throughout the 1940s and 1950s, was the first wrestler whose entrance into the arena was accompanied by a theme song played over
1804-532: A carny term for a shooting gallery gun whose sights were not deliberately misaligned. Wrestling in the United States blossomed in popularity after the Civil War , with catch wrestling eventually becoming the most popular style. At first, professional wrestlers were genuine competitive fighters, but they struggled to draw audiences because Americans did not find real wrestling to be very entertaining, so
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#17327834486361968-519: A central authority. Nor could any of them stomach the idea of leaving the NWA themselves to compete directly with McMahon, for that would mean their territories would become fair game for the other NWA members. McMahon also had a creative flair for TV that his rivals lacked. For instance, the AWA's TV productions during the 1980s were amateurish, low-budget, and out-of-touch with contemporary culture, which lead to
2132-585: A champion that Curley put forth: Dick Shikat . The National Wrestling Association shut down in 1980. In 1948, a number of promoters from across the country came together to form the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA). The NWA recognized one "world champion", voted on by its members, but allowed member promoters to crown their own local champions in their territories. If a member poached wrestlers from another member, or held matches in another member's territory, they risked being ejected from
2296-540: A country for a fee, but on arrival at their destination, the smuggled person is usually free. Trafficking involves a process of using physical force, fraud , or deception to obtain and transport people. Types of notorious human smugglers include Snakehead gangs present in mainland China (especially in Fujian ) that smuggle laborers into Pacific Rim states (making Chinatowns frequent centers of illegal immigration) and "coyotes", who smuggle undocumented immigrants to
2460-415: A country in violation of that country's immigration laws , or the continuous residence in a country without the legal right to do so. Illegal immigration tends to be financially upward, from poorer to richer countries. Illegal residence in another country creates the risk of detention , deportation , and other imposed sanctions. Asylum seekers who are denied asylum may face impediment to expulsion if
2624-405: A degree. Vince Russo, the boss of WCW in 2000, completely disregarded kayfabe by routinely discussing business matters and office politics in public, which alienated fans. I watch championship wrestling from Florida with wrestling commentator Gordon Solie . Is this all "fake"? If so, they deserve an Oscar . Illegal immigration Illegal immigration is the migration of people into
2788-543: A destination state legally, but these visas may be limited in number and subject to yearly quotas. This may result in family members entering illegally to reunify. From studying Mexican migration patterns, Douglas Massey finds that the likelihood that a Mexican national will emigrate illegally to the US increases dramatically if they have one or more family members already residing in the United States, legally or illegally. Unauthorised arrival into another country may be prompted by
2952-449: A double turn with Sami Callihan interfering on oVe's behalf, Jake Crist performing a low blow on Ortiz, and oVe attacking them after the match, thus turning LAX into face in the process. On the May 24, 2018 episode of Impact King became the newest member of LAX. After the group leader Konnan was attacked, and Homicide and Diamante went missing in action, King assumed leadership of
3116-410: A fee, a visitor could challenge the wrestler to a quick match. If the challenger defeated the champion in a short time frame, usually 15 minutes, he won a prize. To encourage challenges, the carnival operators staged rigged matches in which an accomplice posing as a visitor challenged the champion and won, giving the audience the impression that the champion was easy to beat. This practice taught wrestlers
3280-502: A feud against Team 3D . At Final Resolution , LAX retained their tag championship by disqualification against Team 3D, when an apparently drunk Brother Runt came out and jumped off the top rope with a headbutt on Homicide. Konnan was not with LAX; he was injured recovering from hip replacement surgery. The television storyline cover for the surgery's necessity was a Team 3D "sniper attack". He would later be scheduled to have kidney replacement surgery, as well. LAX and 3D met again on Impact!
3444-505: A future TNA World Heavyweight Championship match for Hernandez and an X Division Championship opportunity for Homicide. The Latin American Xchange debuted in the International Wrestling Association (IWA-PR) on Histeria Boricua , a special event that took place on January 6, 2009. There they were booked against Los Dueños de la Malicia , a tag team composed by Noel Rodríguez and Dennis Rivera. The contest
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#17327834486363608-414: A genuine sport, and the phrase "professional wrestling" therefore has a more literal meaning in those places. A notable example is India's Pro Wrestling League . In numerous American states, professional wrestling is legally defined as a non-sport. For instance, New York defines professional wrestling as: Professional wrestling means an activity in which participants struggle hand-in-hand primarily for
3772-478: A group of leather strap-armed followers that would act as lumberjacks in the match. LAX was supported by a group of "Latino Nation" members and Team 3D had a group of "Italian Family" mobsters behind them (this angle was used to promote Brother Ray's Italian roots). Team 3D won that match after the leader of the Italian mobsters ( Sopranos star Steve Schirripa ) interfered. The teams met again at Destination X in
3936-466: A high probability of being denied. This has led some authors to suggest that the ideal of asylum has eroded in recent years in the Global North . If victims of forced displacement apply for asylum in the country they fled to and are granted refugee status they have the right to remain permanently. If asylum seekers are not granted some kind of legal protection status, then they may have to leave
4100-405: A legitimate sport. Firstly, wrestling was more entertaining when it was faked, whereas fakery did not make boxing any more entertaining. Secondly, in a rigged boxing match, the designated loser must take a real beating for his "defeat" to be convincing, but wrestling holds can be faked convincingly without inflicting injury. This meant that boxers were less willing to "take dives"; they wanted to have
4264-799: A match against Gus Sonnenberg in January 1929. Bowser then broke away from the trust to form his own cartel, the American Wrestling Association (AWA), in September 1930, and he declared Sonnenberg to be the AWA champion. This AWA should not be confused with Wally Kadbo's AWA founded in 1960. Curley reacted to this move by convincing the National Boxing Association to form the National Wrestling Association , which in turn crowned
4428-720: A match that played into the LAX's favor with its Mexican wrestling heritage. Before the event, LAX kidnapped Brother Runt and shot him with a tazer gun to antagonize Team 3D. At Lockdown, LAX lost to Team 3D as they were defeated in the Electrified Steel Cage match to lose the NWA World Tag Team Championships. At Sacrifice , LAX failed to regain the World Tag Team Title in a Triple Threat Tag Team match against Team 3D and Scott Steiner and Tomko , although neither LAX member
4592-474: A mean streak in the wake of Konnan's injury. The LAX formed an alliance with Alex Shelley , as they would attack the family and friends of Team 3D as Shelley videotaped the assaults, which included Brother Ray's real-life uncle, Brother Devon 's trainer Johnny Rodz , and Brother Runt. In the February 23 episode of Impact! , the teams faced each other in a "Belting Pot" lumberjack match, in which both teams had
4756-440: A new city, attendance was high because there was a waiting fanbase cultivated in advance by the cable TV shows. The NWA's traditional anti-competitive tricks were no match for this. The NWA attempted to centralize and create their own national cable television shows to counter McMahon's rogue promotion, but it failed in part because the members of the NWA, ever protective of their territories, could not stomach submitting themselves to
4920-409: A number of indicative judgments that there are enforcement barriers to expulsion to certain countries, for example, due to the risk of torture. The terminology surrounding illegal immigration is often controversial. In particular, describing people who immigrated illegally as illegal immigrants has been a matter of debate. It is nevertheless commonly used in formal contexts in some countries, including
5084-465: A rematch after assaulting Styles in Mexico City. LAX regained the title in a Six Sides of Steel match at Bound for Glory , after Homicide performed Da Gringo Killa on Styles, while Konnan strangled Daniels with a coathanger from outside the cage. On the edition of October 19 of Impact! LAX started a feud with America's Most Wanted ( James Storm and Chris Harris ) by attacking them after
Latin American Xchange - Misplaced Pages Continue
5248-475: A six-person "Loser's manager leaves town" match. Beer Money, Inc. won the match when Roode pinned Hernandez and as a result of the match Guerrero could no longer manage Homicide and Hernandez in TNA. At Bound for Glory IV LAX competed in a four team Monster's Ball match , but were defeated when Robert Roode pinned Hernandez after Team 3D had put him through a table covered with thumbtacks. On September 30, 2008, it
5412-521: A stable after his exit of WWC to debut in the company meeting face to face with Konnan and his plans. Both newcomers from their arrival took the lead in the dressing room to face Konnan and Manny Ferno who became more frustrated as a result of Perez and Mendoza spoiling his plans, requested the intervention of one of Konnan stables, Impact Wrestling Latin American Exchange. Mendoza and Perez, now known collectively as The Third Generation, defeated
5576-503: A typical American household only received four national channels by antenna, and ten to twelve local channels via UHF broadcasting . But cable television could carry a much larger selection of channels and therefore had room for niche interests. The WWF started with a show called All-American Wrestling airing on the USA Network in September 1983. McMahon's TV shows made his wrestlers national celebrities, so when he held matches in
5740-586: A victory for all the pain to which they subjected themselves. In the 1910s, promotional cartels for professional wrestling emerged in the East Coast (outside its traditional heartland in the Midwest ). These promoters sought to make long-term plans with their wrestlers, and to ensure their more charismatic and crowd-pleasing wrestlers received championships, further entrenching the desire for worked matches. The primary rationale for shoot matches at this point
5904-789: A visa, often cross the borders illegally in some areas like the United States–Mexico border , the Mona Channel between the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico , the Strait of Gibraltar , Fuerteventura , and the Strait of Otranto . Because these methods are illegal, they are often dangerous. Would-be immigrants have been known to suffocate in shipping containers , boxcars , and trucks, sink in shipwrecks caused by unseaworthy vessels, die of dehydration or exposure during long walks without water. An official estimate puts
6068-443: A win over Jordan Oliver and Myron Reed . This version consists of Slice Boogie, Danny Rivera and Julius Smokes. According to Fightful Select, Konnan told Impact Wrestling they would be using the name and Impact agreed to it. At Fightland, Homicide made his return to the group, which began feuding with Azteca Underground's representatives Los Parks ( L.A. Park Jr. and El Hijo de L.A. Park ) and on November 6, 2021, defeated them for
6232-422: Is a crime; specifically a misdemeanor on the first offense. Illegal reentry after deportation is a felony offense. This is the distinction between the larger group referred to as unauthorized immigrants and the smaller subgroup referred to as criminal immigrants. Democratic Senator and Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer has spoken out against the term "undocumented", stating that "Illegal immigration
6396-410: Is a true sport. Wrestlers would at all times flatly deny allegations that they fixed their matches, and they often remained in-character in public even when not performing. When in public, wrestlers would sometimes say the word kayfabe to each other as a coded signal that there were fans present and they needed to be in character. Professional wrestlers in the past strongly believed that if they admitted
6560-567: Is assumed that the willingness to take undesirable jobs is what gives undocumented immigrants their employment. Evidence for this may be seen in the average wages of illegal day laborers in California, which was between $ 10 and $ 12 per hour according to a 2005 study, and the fact that this was higher than many entry-level white-collar or service jobs. Entry-level white-collar and service jobs offer advancement opportunities only for people with work permits and citizenship. Research indicates that
6724-619: Is being processed. The Government of Canada and the Immigration and Refugee Board use the term "irregular" to refer to these crossings. The Liberal Party of Canada and the New Democratic Party typically use the term "irregular", while the Conservative Party of Canada typically uses the term "illegal". The use of the term "undocumented" is increasingly prevalent among individual MPs and MLAs in Canada, and
Latin American Xchange - Misplaced Pages Continue
6888-548: Is contracted into for purely immigration advantage by a couple who are not in a genuine relationship. Common reasons for sham marriages are to gain immigration (i.e., immigration fraud), residency, work, or citizenship rights for one or both of the spouses or other benefits. In the United Kingdom, those who arrange, participate in, or officiate over a sham marriage may be charged with several offenses, including assisting unlawful immigration and conspiracy to facilitate
7052-428: Is distinguished by its scripted outcomes and emphasis on entertainment and showmanship . The staged nature of matches is an open secret , with both wrestlers and spectators nonetheless maintaining the pretense that performances are bona fide competitions, which is likened to the suspension of disbelief employed when engaging with fiction . Professional wrestlers perform as characters and usually maintain
7216-465: Is required. Some people and organizations advocate an extension of the freedom of movement to include a freedom of movement – or migration – between the countries as well as within the countries. From this point of view, the proximal cause for migration-related issues are the immigration law themselves, that criminalize a victimless crime . Some examples do show that increases in poverty, especially when associated with immediate crises, can increase
7380-522: Is wrong – plain and simple" and that proponents of the term were "not serious" about combatting illegal immigration. In Canada, as in the US, "illegal immigrant" is a commonly used term. However, there is confusion and deep dissent among many about what the term means under the law and what circumstances, and what it implies socially. "Irregular" is a term used by government authorities to refer to migrants who enter Canada outside of official border crossings ("points of entry"). Entrance into Canada outside of
7544-575: The Briscoe Brothers . At Final Resolution on December 7, 2008, LAX took part in the second ever "Feast or Fired" match where both members managed to capture a briefcase containing either a shot at the TNA World Heavyweight Championship , X Division Championship or TNA World Tag Team Championship or a Pink Slip . The contents of the briefcases were revealed on the following episode of Impact! resulting in
7708-605: The MLW World Tag Team Championship . Danny Rivera debuted in IWA-PR at Christmas in PR 2021 , teaming with Savio Vega against tag team champions The Owners of Time (Nick Mercer & Leinord White). He quickly became embroiled in a larger angle between IWA-PR and a faction known as International Wrestling Entertainment (IWE) after being attacked. On January 15, 2022, 5150 returned to Puerto Rico and defeated
7872-624: The New Jersey State Athletic Control Board that professional wrestling is not a real sport because its matches have predetermined outcomes. Shortly thereafter, New Jersey deregulated professional wrestling. The WWF then rebranded itself as a " sports entertainment " company. In the early years of the 20th century, the style of wrestling used in professional wrestling matches was catch wrestling . Promoters wanted their matches to look realistic and so preferred to recruit wrestlers with real grappling skills. In
8036-533: The Platform for International Cooperation on Undocumented Migrants (PICUM) launched its international "Words Matter" campaign in 2014 to promote the use of the terms undocumented or irregular migrants instead of illegal . Depending on jurisdiction, culture, or context, alternatives to illegal aliens or illegal immigrants can include irregular migrants , undocumented immigrants , undocumented persons , and unauthorized immigrants . In some contexts
8200-489: The Southwestern United States and have been known to abuse or even kill their passengers. Sometimes undocumented immigrants are abandoned by their human traffickers if there are difficulties, often dying in the process. Others may be victims of intentional killing. Many undocumented immigrants are migrants who originally arrive in a country lawfully but overstay their authorized residence (overstaying
8364-776: The United States , Mexico , Japan , and northwest Europe (the United Kingdom , Germany/Austria and France ), which have each developed distinct styles, traditions, and subgenres within professional wrestling. Professional wrestling has developed its own culture and community , including a distinct vernacular . It has achieved mainstream success and influence within popular culture , with many terms, tropes , and concepts being referenced in everyday language as well as in film , music , television , and video games . Likewise, numerous professional wrestlers have become national or international icons with recognition by
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#17327834486368528-526: The carrying capacity of an area or environment results in overpopulation . Some "illegal" immigrants seek to live with loved ones who already live in a country that they are not allowed to enter, such as a spouse or other family members. Having a family who has immigrated or being from a community with many immigrants is a much better predictor of one's choice to immigrate than poverty. Family reunification visas may be applied for by legal residents or naturalized citizens to bring their family members into
8692-550: The 187. LAX won an Iron Team including at El Generico and Kevin Steen and Sweet 'n' Sour Inc. (Chris Hero and Davey Richards) and The Age Of The Fall (Jimmy Jacobs and Tyler Black), with 2-0-1-1. The next day, at Ring of Homicide 2, they were defeated by The Briscoe Brothers. On March 1, 2011, ROH announced that LAX would reunite at the promotion's Manhattan Mayhem IV event on March 19 in Manhattan, New York , where they would take on
8856-584: The 1920s, a group of wrestlers and promoters known as the Gold Dust Trio introduced moves which have since become staples of the mock combat of professional wrestling, such as body slams, suplexes , punches, finishing moves, and out-of-ring count-outs. By the early 1930s, most wrestlers had adopted personas to generate public interest. These personas could broadly be characterized as either faces (likeable) or heels (villainous). Native Americans, cowboys, and English aristocrats were staple characters in
9020-400: The 1930s and 1940s. Before the age of television, some wrestlers played different personas depending on the region they were performing in. This eventually came to an end in the age of national television wrestling shows, which forced wrestlers to stick to one persona. Wrestlers also often used some sort of gimmick, such as a finishing move, eccentric mannerisms, or out-of-control behavior (in
9184-512: The 1951 Refugee Convention or do not attempt to follow its guidelines are likely to consider refugees and asylum seekers as illegal immigrants. In a 2012 news story, the CSM reported, "The estimated 750,000 Rohingya , one of the most miserable and oppressed minorities in the world, are deeply resentful of their almost complete absence of civil rights in Myanmar . In 1982, the military junta stripped
9348-509: The 1990s, WCW became a credible rival to the WWF, but by end it suffered from a series of creative missteps that led to its failure and purchase by the WWF. One of its mistakes was that it diminished the glamor of its World Heavyweight Championship . Between January 2000 and March 2001, the title changed hands eighteen times, which sapped fan enthusiasm, particularly for the climactic pay-per-view matches. In professional wrestling, two factors decide
9512-411: The 19th century, who later sought to make matches shorter, more entertaining, and less physically taxing. As the public gradually realized and accepted that matches were predetermined, wrestlers responded by increasingly adding melodrama, gimmickry, and outlandish stunt work to their performances to further enhance the spectacle . By at least the early 20th century, professional wrestling had diverged from
9676-653: The Atlantic Athletic Corporation (AAC). The AAC shut down in 1960. In 1958, Omaha promoter and NWA member Joe Dusek recognized Verne Gagne as the world champion without the approval of the NWA. Gagne asked for a match against the recognized NWA champion Pat O'Connor. The NWA refused to honor the request, so Gagne and Minneapolis promoter Wally Karbo established the American Wrestling Association in 1960. This AWA should not be confused with Paul Bowser's AWA, which ceased operations just two months prior. Gagne's AWA operated out of Minnesota . Unlike
9840-551: The December 31, 2005 episode of TNA Impact! , Bullet Bob encountered Konnan, who expressed himself like he had a change of heart and was willing to talk. Later in the show, however, two other Latino wrestlers, the returning Apolo and the debuting Homicide , ambushed Bullet Bob backstage at Konnan's command. As a result, a feud began between LAX and the James Gang , who sought revenge for the attack. The feud between LAX and
10004-628: The Global League Wrestling / Global Impact Team Champions Ortiz and Santana in the first clash between groups. On the March 16, 2017 episode of Impact Wrestling , LAX was reformed with Homicide , Santana and Ortiz , Diamante , and manager Konnan . LAX attacked Decay , Laredo Kid , Garza Jr. , and Reno Scum inserting themselves in the Impact World Tag Team Championship picture and winning them
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#173278344863610168-709: The Heavyweight Championship. The same night, LAX and The Strong Style Thugs (B-Boy and Low Ki) wrestled against BLKOUT (Eddie Kingston, Joker, Ruckus, Sabian and Slyk Wagner Brown) for both titles. The match ended when Low Ki covered Homicide, winning the Heavyweight title. LAX lost the tag titles on November 15 to FBI (Nunzio and Tracy Smoothers). Their last JAPW match was on December 13, 2008, defeating The Briscoe Brothers. LAX made their debut as team in Ring of Honor (ROH) on October 24, 2008, The Return of
10332-732: The Immigration Policy Center, there are currently about nine million illegal immigrants in the U.S. There are about half a million more illegal immigrants every year. In addition, The United States spends about $ 3.8 billion on border enforcement each year. Research on the economic effects of illegal immigration is scant, but existing studies suggest that the effects can be positive for the native population, and for public coffers. One 2015 study states that "increasing deportation rates and tightening border control weakens low-skilled labor markets, increasing unemployment of native low-skilled workers. Legalization, instead, decreases
10496-495: The James Gang continued through January 2006. At Against All Odds on February 12, 2006, Apolo and Homicide were scheduled to wrestle the James Gang. Apolo, however, had been released from TNA earlier that month for no-showing an event. His departure was explained on-screen by Konnan, who simply stated that the LAX was expanding, then introduced Apolo's replacement, the debuting Machete . Homicide and Machete went on to lose to
10660-441: The James Gang. On the March 18, 2006 episode of Impact , Homicide and Machete lost to Shark Boy and Norman Smiley after Konnan inadvertently hit Machete with his slapjack. After the match, Konnan tore off Machete's Puerto Rican t-shirt and threw him out of the stable. On the March 31 episode of TNA Xplosion , Konnan justified why he fired Machete, pointing to Machete's loss to Shark Boy. Later that evening, Konnan introduced
10824-500: The May 11 pay-per-view Sacrifice , LAX won the vacant TNA Tag Title after defeating Team 3D in the "Deuces Wild" tournament final with help from Guerrero. Afterward, Team 3D attacked Hector and left him beaten, creating another feud between LAX and Team 3D. After defeating 3D to retain the tag straps, they would find themselves in a feud with Beer Money, Inc. (James Storm, Robert Roode and their manager, Jacqueline ). Beer Money whipped all four members of LAX with belts, resulting in
10988-408: The NWA, at which point his territory became fair game for everyone. The NWA would blacklist wrestlers who worked for independent promoters or who publicly criticized an NWA promoter or who did not throw a match on command. If an independent promoter tried to establish himself in a certain area, the NWA would send their star performers to perform for the local NWA promoter to draw the customers away from
11152-488: The NWA, which only allowed faces to be champions, Gagne occasionally allowed heels to win the AWA championship so that they could serve as foils for him. In August 1983, the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), a promotion in the north-east , withdrew from the NWA. Vince K. McMahon then took over as its boss. No longer bound by the territorial pact of the NWA, McMahon began expanding his promotion into
11316-570: The ROH World Tag Team Champions, The Kings of Wrestling (Chris Hero and Claudio Castagnoli ). On March 19 LAX was defeated by the Kings of Wrestling. On November 15, 2013, LAX competed in a tournament to crown the first House of Glory Tag Team Champions. LAX defeated Anthony Nese and Ricky Reyes in the first round and Fire Ant and Jigsaw in the semi-finals, before losing to The Young Bucks (Matt and Nick Jackson) in
11480-480: The Rohingya of their Myanmar citizenship, classing them as illegal immigrants and rendering them stateless ." In some countries, people born on national territory (henceforth not "immigrants") do not automatically obtain the nationality of their birthplace, and may have no legal title of residency. Families want to have better lives for their children and to succeed. The article "Learning to be Illegal" discusses
11644-743: The TV Tapings in Mexico to win the Impact World Tag Team Championship. LAX would reclaim them at the Rebellion pay per view on April 28. They held the titles until July, when they lost them to The North ( Ethan Page and Josh Alexander ). On July 8, it was revealed that Santana and Ortiz would soon be leaving Impact and had interest from WWE and All Elite Wrestling . On the August 9 edition of Impact , Daga became
11808-429: The U.S. Census Bureau, undocumented immigrants in the United States often work in dangerous industries such as agriculture and construction. A recent study suggests that the complex web of consequences resulting from illegal immigrant status limits illegal workers' ability to stay safe at work. In addition to physical danger at work, the choice to immigrate for work often entails work-induced lifestyle factors which impact
11972-789: The US, only 12% of the labor force has less than a high school education, but 70% of illegal workers from Mexico lack a high school degree. The majority of new blue-collar jobs qualify as Massey's "underclass" work and suffer from unreliability, subservient roles and, critically, a lack of potential for advancement. These "underclass" jobs, which have a disproportionate number of undocumented immigrants, include harvesting crops, unskilled labor in landscaping and construction, house-cleaning, and maid and busboy work in hotels and restaurants. However, as even these "underclass" jobs have higher relative wages than those in home countries they are still attractive for undocumented immigrants and since many undocumented immigrants often anticipate working only temporarily in
12136-438: The US, youths brought into the country illegally are granted access to public K-12 education and benefits regardless of citizenship status; therefore the youths are not entirely undocumented, since they are documented for educational purposes. In the United States, while overstaying a visa is a civil violation handled by the immigration court , entering (including re-entering) the US without approval from an immigration officer
12300-542: The United States. Some workers are smuggled into the United States and Canada by human traffickers. People have been kidnapped or tricked into slavery to work as laborers, after entering the country, for example in factories. Those trafficked in this manner often face additional barriers to escaping slavery, since their status as undocumented immigrants makes it difficult for them to gain access to help or services. For example, Burmese women trafficked into Thailand and forced to work in factories or as prostitutes may not speak
12464-623: The United States. Title 8 of the US Code is the portion of United States law that contains legislation on citizenship , nationality , and immigration . Defining the legal term alien as "any person, not a citizen or national of the United States," The terminology used in Title 8 includes illegal alien (33 times), unauthorized alien (21 times), undocumented alien (18 times), illegal immigrant (6 times), undocumented person (2 times), and others. An analysis by PolitiFact , however, concluded that
12628-411: The advantage to firms employing undocumented immigrants increases as more firms in the industry do so, further increases with the breadth of a firm's market, and also with the labor intensity of the firm's production process. However, the advantage decreases with the skill level of the firm's workers, meaning that illegal immigrants do not provide as much competitive advantage when a high-skilled workforce
12792-481: The alternative term, undocumented immigrant. For example, the Associated Press continues to use the term illegal immigration , whereby illegal describes the action rather than the person. On the other hand, The New York Times said described undocumented immigrant as a "term preferred by many immigrants and their advocates, but it has a flavor of euphemism and should be used with caution outside
12956-401: The arena's loudspeakers, his being Pomp and Circumstance . He also wore a costume: a robe and hairnet, which he removed after getting in the ring. He also had a pre-match ritual where his "butler" would spray the ring with perfume. In the 1980s, Vince McMahon made entrance songs, costumes, and rituals standard for his star wrestlers. For instance, McMahon's top star Hulk Hogan would delight
13120-418: The art of staging rigged matches and fostered a mentality that spectators were marks to be duped. The term kayfabe comes from carny slang. By the turn of the 20th century, most professional wrestling matches were "worked" and some journalists exposed the practice: American wrestlers are notorious for the amount of faking they do. It is because of this fact that suspicion attaches to so many bouts that
13284-561: The audience by tearing his shirt off before each match. The first major promoter cartel emerged on the East Coast, although up to that point, wrestling's heartland had been in the Midwest. Notable members of this cartel included Jack Curley , Lou Daro, Paul Bowser and Tom and Tony Packs. The promoters colluded to solve a number of problems that hurt their profits. Firstly, they could force their wrestlers to perform for less money. As
13448-514: The bell sounded Cornette and LAX's lawyer appeared with the lawyer stating Joe was not signed to the contract and the match must be declared a disqualification on Angle to end the show. At Turning Point , LAX defeated America's Most Wanted in a flag match after they managed to hang the Mexican Flag, making the LAX the first non-American team to win a flag match on American soil. They had another victory over America's Most Wanted on December 14 in
13612-430: The belt stayed with Sting. On the edition of January 29 of Impact! Mick Foley announced that due to winning the first match via disqualification Hernandez will get a rematch for the title down the road. On the edition of July 16 of Impact! Homicide cashed in his "Feast or Fired" briefcase to win the X Division Championship from Suicide . After Hernandez returned from a neck surgery on the edition of July 23 of Impact!
13776-412: The broader public. In the United States, wrestling is generally practiced in an amateur context. No professional league for competitive wrestling exists due to a lack of popularity. For example, Real Pro Wrestling , an American professional freestyle wrestling league, dissolved in 2007 after just two seasons. In other countries, such as Iran and India , wrestling enjoys widespread popularity as
13940-774: The buildings in North Sinai. Since the fall of the Iron Curtain , Western Europe is being confronted with a serious problem related to the sexual exploitation of undocumented immigrants (especially from Eastern Europe ), for prostitution. In the United States, human trafficking victims often pass through the porous border with Mexico. To curb the spread of sex slavery and other predation on unauthorized immigrants, then California Attorney General Kamala Harris and Mexico Attorney General Marisela Morales Ibáñez signed an accord in 2012 to expand prosecutions of criminals typically members of transnational gangs who engage in
14104-424: The cartel grew, there were fewer independent promoters where independent wrestlers could find work, and many were forced to sign a contract with the cartel to receive steady work. The contracts forbade them from performing at independent venues. A wrestler who refused to play by the cartel's rules was barred from performing at its venues. A second goal of the wrestling cartels was to establish an authority to decide who
14268-418: The case of heels). The matches could also be gimmicky sometimes, with wrestlers fighting in mud and piles of tomatoes and so forth. The most successful and enduring gimmick to emerge from the 1930s were tag-team matches. Promoters noticed that matches slowed down as the wrestlers in the ring tired, so they gave them partners to relieve them. It also gave heels another way to misbehave by double-teaming. Towards
14432-423: The character in shows must be considered fictional, wholly separate from the life of the performer. This is similar to other entertainers who perform with a persona that shares their own name. Some wrestlers also incorporate elements of their real-life personalities into their characters, even if they and their in-ring persona have different names. Kayfabe is the practice of pretending that professional wrestling
14596-461: The commission. The Commission did on very rare occasions hand out such authorizations, such as for a championship match between Jim Londos and Jim Browning in June 1934. This decree did not apply to amateur wrestling, which the commission had no authority over. Wrestling fans widely suspected that professional wrestling was fake, but they did not care as long as it entertained. In 1933, a wrestling promoter named Jack Pfefer started talking about
14760-468: The competitive sport to become an artform and genre of sports entertainment . Professional wrestling is performed around the world through various " promotions ", which are roughly analogous to production companies or sports leagues . Promotions vary considerably in size, scope, and creative approach, ranging from local shows on the independent circuit , to internationally broadcast events at major arenas. The largest and most influential promotions are in
14924-403: The country or stay as illegal immigrants. According to the 1951 Refugee Convention refugees should be exempted from immigration laws and should expect protection from the country they entered. It is, however, up to the countries involved to decide if a particular immigrant is a refugee or not, and hence whether they are subject to immigration controls. Furthermore, countries that did not sign
15088-540: The current fashion of wrestling is the universal discussion as to the honesty of the matches. And certainly the most interesting phrase of this discussion is the unanimous agreement: "Who cares if they're fixed or not—the show is good." Newspapers tended to shun professional wrestling, as journalists saw its theatrical pretense to being a legitimate sport as untruthful. Eventually promoters resorted to publishing their own magazines in order to get press coverage and communicate with fans. The first professional wrestling magazine
15252-657: The decline of real wages of US workers without a high school degree by 9% between 1980 and 2000 due to increased competition. Other economists, such as Gordon Hanson , criticized these findings. Douglas Massey argues that developed countries need unskilled immigrant labor to fill undesirable jobs, which citizens do not seek regardless of wages. Massey argues that this may refute claims that undocumented immigrants are "lowering wages" or stealing jobs from native-born workers and that it instead shows that undocumented immigrants "take jobs that no one else wants." A paper by Spanish economists found that, upon granting work permits to
15416-854: The departure of Konnan from Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), Homicide and Hernandez wrestled exclusively as a tag team. The original gimmick of LAX centered on its members being Hispanic , denouncing the perceived repression of ethnic minorities by the NWA Championship Committee and TNA Management, with LAX's response as a group of militant street thugs. After becoming fan favorites , the group continued to stand as proud street Latin Americans, but dropped its militant focus. In 2017, LAX returned to Impact Wrestling, with founding members Konnan and Homicide being joined by Diamante , Santana and Ortiz . They were briefly joined by Low Ki , and King who later assumed leadership when Konnan
15580-403: The destination country, the lack of opportunity for advancement is seen by many as less of a problem. Support for this claim can be seen in a Pew Hispanic Center poll of over 3,000 undocumented immigrants from Mexico in the US, which found that 79% would voluntarily join a temporary worker program that allowed them to work legally for several years but then required them to leave. From this, it
15744-405: The end of the 1930s, faced with declining revenues, promoters chose to focus on grooming charismatic wrestlers with no regard for their skill because it was charisma that drew the crowds, and wrestlers who were both skilled at grappling and charismatic were hard to come by. Since most of the public by this time knew and accepted that professional wrestling was fake, realism was no longer paramount and
15908-603: The facade of kayfabe as best as they could. In 1989, Vince McMahon testified before the New Jersey government that professional wrestling was not a true sport and therefore should be exempted from sports-related taxes. Many wrestlers and fans resented McMahon for this, but Lou Thesz accepted it as the smart move as it gave the industry more freedom to do as it pleased, and because by that point professional wrestling no longer attempted to appear real. The demise of WCW in 2001 provided some evidence that kayfabe still mattered to
16072-402: The faction and guided Ortiz and Santana back to being tag team champions . In June, Konnan and Diamante returned, both showing suspicion about King's involvement with the group. On the July 5, 2018 episode of Impact , Konnan confronted King who admitted that it was he who had "taken out a hit" against Konnan to takeover the faction. King then attempted to get Ortiz and Santana to recognize him as
16236-457: The fans in the arena and stirred up some unsavory chants directed at Cornette. LAX refused to return the belts, hired a lawyer , and ( kayfabe ) threatened to sue TNA for violating their First Amendment rights. At that point, Cornette backed down and reinstated LAX as NWA World Tag Team Champions. On the next episode of Impact! they were placed in a match against Kurt Angle and Petey Williams with Cornette stating that he could not strip them of
16400-572: The finals. On September 6, the Chikara promotion announced that LAX, represented by Hernandez, Homicide and new member Chavo Guerrero Jr. , would be taking part in the 2014 King of Trios tournament. They were eliminated from the tournament in their first round match on September 19 by the Golden Trio ( Dasher Hatfield , Icarus and Mark Angelosetti ). On August 30, 2015, JAPW announced that Homicide, Hernandez and Konnan would reunite as LAX at
16564-470: The first place. "Double-crosses", where a wrestler agreed to lose a match but nevertheless fought to win, remained a problem in the early cartel days. At times a promoter would even award a victorious double-crosser the title of champion to preserve the facade of sport. But promoters punished such wrestlers by blacklisting them, making it quite challenging to find work. Double-crossers could also be sued for breach of contract, such as Dick Shikat in 1936. In
16728-637: The following week, establishing themselves as heels in the process. On the March 30 episode of Impact Wrestling , LAX members Ortiz and Santana defeated Decay, Laredo Kid and Garza Jr. and Reno Scum to win the Impact World Tag Team Championship. On the April 23 episode of Impact Wrestling , LAX defeated Veterans of War ( Mayweather and Wilcox ) in a tournament finals to win the GFW Tag Team Championship . On November 5 at Bound for Glory , they lost to Ohio Versus Everything (oVe) as part of
16892-659: The four of them had lost an eight-man tag team match against Styles, Daniels and the James Gang. The assault ended with Hernandez applying the Border Toss on AMW's manager Gail Kim . During the November 16 episode of Impact! , LAX nearly burned the American flag , as they promised one week earlier, but were stopped by Petey Williams . After stealing a victory over America's Most Wanted at Genesis Konnan told Homicide to use Da Gringo Killa on Gail Kim. Petey Williams made
17056-610: The game is not popular here. Nine out of ten bouts, it has been said, are pre-arranged affairs, and it would be no surprise if the ratio of fixed matches to honest ones was really so high. The wrestler Lou Thesz recalled that between 1915 and 1920, a series of exposés in the newspapers about the integrity of professional wrestling alienated a lot of fans, sending the industry "into a tailspin". But rather than perform more shoot matches, professional wrestlers instead committed themselves wholesale to fakery. Several reasons explain why professional wrestling became fake whereas boxing endured as
17220-460: The government. They pledged to stop allocating exclusive territories to its promoters, to stop blacklisting wrestlers who worked for outsider promoters, and to admit any promoter into the Alliance. The NWA would flout many of these promises, but its power was nonetheless weakened by the lawsuit. Paul Bowser's AWA joined the NWA in 1949. The AWA withdrew from the Alliance in 1957 and renamed itself
17384-584: The home country refuses to receive the person or if new asylum evidence emerges after the decision. In some cases, these people are considered illegal aliens. In others, they may receive a temporary residence permit, for example regarding the principle of non-refoulement in the International Refugee Convention . The European Court of Human Rights , referring to the European Convention on Human Rights , has shown in
17548-556: The incomes of illegal immigrants by a quarter (increasing U.S. GDP by approximately $ 1.4 trillion over a 10-years); a 2016 study found that "legalization would increase the economic contribution of the unauthorized population by about 20%, to 3.6% of private-sector GDP;" and a 2019 working paper by the University of Cyprus found that "all types of immigrants generate a larger surplus to US firms than natives do". According to economist George Borjas , immigrants may have caused
17712-473: The independent. By 1956, the NWA controlled 38 promotions within the United States, with more in Canada, Mexico, Australia and New Zealand. The NWA's monopolistic practices became so stifling that the independents appealed to the government for help. In October 1956 the US Attorney General's office filed an antitrust lawsuit against the NWA in an Iowa federal district court. The NWA settled with
17876-492: The individual wrestlers are paid or have been paid for their performance in a professional wrestling exhibition. All engagements of professional wrestling shall be referred to as exhibitions, and not as matches. In the industry's slang, a fixed match is referred to as a worked match, derived from the slang word for manipulation, as in "working the crowd". A shoot match is a genuine contest where both wrestlers fight to win and are therefore "straight shooters", which comes from
18040-480: The industry was anything but a competitive sport. The first wrestling promoter to publicly admit to routinely fixing matches was Jack Pfefer . In 1933, he started talking about the industry's inner workings to the New York Daily Mirror , resulting in a huge exposé. The exposé neither surprised nor alienated most wrestling fans, although some promoters like Jack Curley were furious and tried to restore
18204-496: The industry's inner workings to the New York Daily Mirror , maintaining no pretense that wrestling was real and passing on planned results just before the matches took place. While fans were neither surprised nor alienated, traditionalists like Jack Curley were furious, and most promoters tried to maintain the facade of kayfabe as best they could. Not the least interesting of all the minor phenomena produced by
18368-557: The language and may be vulnerable to abuse by police due to their undocumented immigrant status. In some regions, people that are still en route to their destination country are also sometimes kidnapped, for example for ransom . In some instances, they are also tortured , raped , and killed if the requested ransom does not arrive. One case in point is the Eritrean migrants that are en route to Israel. A large number of them are captured in North Sinai (Egypt) and Eastern Sudan and held in
18532-941: The likelihood of illegal migration. The 1994 economic crisis in Mexico , after the start of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), was associated with widespread poverty and a lower valuation for the peso relative to the dollar. It also marked the start of a massive swell in Mexican immigration, in which net illegal migration to the US increased every year from the mid-1990s until the mid-2000s. There are also examples where natural disasters and population growth can amplify poverty -driven migration flows. Many leave their country fleeing gender-based violence , such as honor crime or forced marriage , especially from conflicts area. Women in illegal situations are especially at risk of sexual exploitation or rape . Population growth that exceeds
18696-498: The members of wrestling cartels as the champion drew big crowds wherever he performed, and this would occasionally lead to schisms. By 1925, this cartel had divided the country up into territories which were the exclusive domains of specific promoters. This system of territories endured until Vince McMahon drove the fragmented cartels out of the market in the 1980s. This cartel fractured in 1929 after one of its members, Paul Bowser , bribed Ed "Strangler" Lewis to lose his championship in
18860-472: The need to escape civil war or repression in the country of origin. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights upheld by the United Nations guarantees the right of asylum, and as such, asylum seekers are typically treated differently from undocumented immigrants. In practice, however, many asylum seekers are subjected to exceedingly long waiting periods, isolated and unsafe detention facilities, and
19024-493: The new head of the group but they rejected this and stood beside the original leader, Konnan. Then, former LAX members Hernandez and Homicide returned, entering the ring and attacking Konnan's trio. King then took the mic and proclaimed that his trio was LAX. The group would later become known as The OGz. At Bound for Glory on October 14, The OGz lost to LAX in a Concrete Jungle Death match . On January 12, 2019, The Lucha Bros ( Pentagón Jr. and Rey Fénix ) defeated LAX during
19188-599: The newest member of LAX, teaming with Ortiz in a losing effort to Page and Alexander. Santana did not wrestle at those tapings, however Ortiz and Santana were scheduled to face The North at the August television tapings in Mexico. At those same tapings Santana and Ortiz were given a "send off" by the Impact locker room. Santana confirmed the following day that he and Ortiz were in fact done appearing on Impact Wrestling. On July 10, 2021, Konnan introduced LAX 5150 at Major League Wrestling 's Battle Riot III event, which debuted with
19352-405: The newest member of the LAX, the returning Hernandez . Hernandez and Homicide teamed together in a loss to Chris Sabin and Jay Lethal . LAX were next involved in an angle where they refused to wrestle, claiming that Latinos were "discriminated" against in TNA. The storyline borrowed heavily from the then-current controversy surrounding illegal immigration . During this time Konnan established
19516-471: The number of people who died in illegal crossings across the U.S.–Mexican border between 1998 and 2004 at 1,954 (see immigrant deaths along the U.S.-Mexico border ). Human smuggling is the practice of intermediaries aiding undocumented immigrants in crossing over international borders for financial gain, often in large groups. Human smuggling differs from but is sometimes associated with human trafficking . A human smuggler will facilitate illegal entry into
19680-683: The one Latin American who LAX had actually feuded with (although loosely) during Konnan's tenure as the leader, showed the referee that VKM had used powder to win. After a restart Homicide pinned Kip with a roll-up. At the following pay-per-view, Bound for Glory , LAX defeated Elix Skipper and Senshi in an Ultimate X Match to become number one contender to the TNA World Tag Team Championship. They were, however, unsuccessful in their attempt to become tag team champions to A.J. Styles and Tomko on an episode of Impact! . In
19844-507: The owners of time for the IWA World Tag Team Championship. Professional wrestling 1970s and 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s and 2020s Professional wrestling (often referred to as pro wrestling , or simply, wrestling ) is a form of athletic theater that combines mock combat with drama , with the premise that the performers are competitive wrestlers. Professional wrestling
20008-587: The physical, mental and social health of immigrants and their families. Each year there are several hundred deaths along the U.S.–Mexico border of immigrants crossing the border illegally. Death by exposure occurs in the deserts of Southwestern United States during the hot summer season. In 2016 there were approximately 8,000 migrant deaths, with about 63% of deaths occurring within the Mediterranean. Immigrants from countries that do not have automatic visa agreements, or who would not otherwise qualify for
20172-607: The promotion's 19th anniversary event on November 14. On July 15, 2017, LAX made its debut in the World Wrestling League (WWL) for the first time representing the interests of Konnan in the company and face a new problem that came before the Board of Control (in reference to "The Control Board", in reference to PROMESA), directed by Konnan. That problem began to call like "the third generation" two experienced fighters known like Angel Fashion and Mike Mendoza who form
20336-717: The promotion's closing in 1991. In the spring of 1984, the WWF purchased Georgia Championship Wrestling (GCW), which had been ailing for some time due to financial mismanagement and internal squabbles. In the deal, the WWF acquired the GCW's timeslot on TBS . McMahon agreed to keep showing Georgia wrestling matches in that timeslot, but he was unable to get his staff to Atlanta every Saturday to fulfill this obligation, so he sold GCW and its TBS timeslot to Jim Crockett Promotions (JCP). JCP started informally calling itself World Championship Wrestling (WCW). In 1988, Ted Turner bought JCP and formally renamed it World Championship Wrestling. During
20500-439: The purpose of providing entertainment to spectators and which does not comprise a bona fide athletic contest or competition. Professional wrestling is not a combative sport. Wrestling constituting bona fide athletic contests and competitions, which may be professional or amateur combative sport, shall not be deemed professional wrestling under this Part. Professional wrestling as used in this Part shall not depend on whether
20664-611: The quotation." Newsweek questions the use of the phrase undocumented immigrants as a method of euphemistic framing , namely, "a psychological technique that can influence the perception of social phenomena." Newsweek also suggests that persons who enter a country unlawfully cannot be entirely "undocumented," as they "just lack the certain specific documents for legal residency and employment," while "[m]any have driver's licences, debit cards, library cards, and school identifications which are useful documents in specific contexts but not nearly so much for immigration." For example, in
20828-694: The right to health and access to healthcare is fundamental and independent of a person's legal status. However, on a domestic level, many States in Europe have established the right to health as a welfare right, making it subject to citizenship or other administrative requirements. Whether it's due to the danger behind disclosing their status or because of the inherently unfair social infrastructures, these barriers are present in all types of services, from social security to health. Research at San Diego State University estimates that there are 2.4 million victims of human trafficking among illegal Mexican immigrants in
20992-400: The risk of having to disclose their status. In other words, undocumented migrants are not protected by labour standards and regulations as people with legal status are. Where the minimum wage is several times the prevailing wage in the home country, employers sometimes pay less than the legal minimum wage or have unsafe working conditions, relying on the reluctance of illegal workers to report
21156-507: The safety the children have in K-12 schooling. The children are guaranteed education in a safe environment. Aside from the possibility that they may be intercepted and deported, illegal immigrants also face other problems. Illegal immigrants usually have no or very limited access to public health systems, proper housing, education and banks . For instance, the current international human rights framework stipulates in various documents that
21320-487: The same week, LAX retained the titles when Hernandez used the slapjack to score a pinfall over Brother Ray . In mid-February, Machete returned to TNA and to the LAX, although he was not recognized as part of the TNA roster, in an enforcer/bodyguard role, seen with a Puerto Rican flag bandanna over the lower part of his face, pushing the wheelchair-laden Konnan to the ringside area so he could continue managing Homicide and Hernandez during matches. The team revealed even more of
21484-475: The save, and TNA Management Director Jim Cornette stripped them of the Titles for "conduct extremely disrespectful to TNA and its fans". Despite the then-recently increased recognition of good and bad guy characters by the TNA audience and the rising extremism at the time of the "anti-American" actions of the LAX, the decision to forcibly remove the titles from the legitimate tag team champions actually infuriated
21648-486: The save; this led to a tag team match at Victory Road between Homicide and Hernandez and Killings and Dutt. Hernandez picked up the victory for LAX after applying the Border Toss on Dutt. On the July 20 episode of Impact! , the NWA World Tag Team Champions A.J. Styles and Christopher Daniels made an open challenge in which they offered any team on the TNA roster a contract to face them for
21812-440: The stamina for an hours-long fight. Audiences also preferred short matches. Worked matches also carried less risk of injury, which meant shorter recovery. Altogether, worked matches proved more profitable than shoots. By the end of the 19th century, nearly all professional wrestling matches were worked. A major influence on professional wrestling was carnival culture. Wrestlers in the late 19th century worked in carnival shows. For
21976-420: The team went inactive as both he and Homicide began concentrating on their singles careers. On the edition of September 10 of Impact! Homicide turned on Hernandez and joined the heel faction World Elite effectively ending the partnership between the two. On the March 22, 2010, edition of Impact! there were signs of reconciliation between the former members of LAX as Homicide came out to check on Hernandez, as he
22140-490: The term illegal immigrant, except in quotations. These organizations presently include the Associated Press (US), Press Association (UK), European Journalism Observatory , European Journalism Centre , Association of European Journalists , Australian Press Council , and Media, Entertainment and Arts Alliance (AU). Related terms that describe actions are not similarly discouraged. Most commonly they use
22304-414: The term illegal alien "occurs scarcely, often undefined or part of an introductory title or limited to apply to certain individuals convicted of felonies." Some campaigns discourage the use of the term illegal immigrant , generally based on the argument that the act of immigrating illegally does not make the people themselves illegal, but rather they are "people who have immigrated illegally." In Europe,
22468-488: The term illegal immigrants is shortened, often pejoratively , to illegals . Irregular migration is a related term that is sometimes used, e.g. by the International Organization for Migration ; however, because of the word migration , this term describes a somewhat wider concept, including illegal emigration . Some news associations have in their style guide discontinued or discouraged
22632-426: The territories of his former NWA peers, now his rivals. By the end of the 1980s, the WWF would become the sole national wrestling promotion in the U.S. This was in part made possible by the rapid spread of cable television in the 1980s. The national broadcast networks generally regarded professional wrestling as too niche an interest, and had not broadcast any national wrestling shows since the 1950s. Before cable TV,
22796-444: The titles but he could make them defend it. Throughout the broadcast LAX took out James Storm and Chris Harris, as well as Petey Williams right before the title match. LAX seemed to have the advantage on Angle when Samoa Joe came out to tag with Angle. Angle and Joe both proceeded to apply their respective submission holds and made both Homicide and Hernandez tap, thus apparently winning the NWA World Tag Team Championships. But soon after
22960-509: The titles, including LAX, who would then proceed to attack the champions, causing both of them to bleed, and then signed the contract with Daniels' blood. On the August 24 episode of Impact! , LAX would defeat Styles and Daniels in a Border Brawl to win the NWA World Tag Team Championship. LAX lost the title back to Styles and Daniels at No Surrender in the first ever tag team Ultimate X match , but were granted
23124-672: The trafficking of human beings between the two countries. Most countries have laws requiring workers to have proper documentation, often intended to prevent or minimize the employment of undocumented immigrants. However, the penalties against employers are often small and the acceptable identification requirements are vague, ill-defined and seldom checked or enforced, making it easy for employers to hire illegal labor, although repeat offenders may receive harsher punishment. Additionally, if an employer does not maintain proper safety standards, refuses to pay, or creates overall precarious working conditions, looking for remedies or redress would also mean
23288-519: The trial, witnesses testified that most of the "big matches" and all of the championship bouts were fixed. By the 1930s, with the exception of the occasional double-cross or business dispute, shoot matches were essentially nonexistent. In April 1930, the New York State Athletic Commission decreed that all professional wrestling matches held in the state had to be advertised as exhibitions unless certified as contests by
23452-471: The truth, their audiences would desert them. Today's performers don't "protect" the industry like we did, but that's primarily because they've already exposed it by relying on silly or downright ludicrous characters and gimmicks to gain popularity with the fans. It was different in my day, when our product was presented as an authentic, competitive sport. We protected it because we believed it would collapse if we ever so much as implied publicly that it
23616-560: The undocumented immigrant population in Spain , the fiscal revenues increased by around €4,189 per newly legalized immigrant. The paper found that the wages of the immigrants increased after receiving work permits. At the same time, some low-skilled natives had worse labor market outcomes and high-skilled natives had improved labor market outcomes. Since the decline of working-class blue-collar jobs in manufacturing and industry, younger native-born generations have acquired higher education. In
23780-413: The unemployment rate of low-skilled natives and increases income per native." This is because the presence of illegal immigrants reduces the labor costs of employers, providing them more opportunities to create more jobs. A 2013 study by the liberal think tank Center for American Progress found that granting citizenship to people who immigrated illegally would boost the U.S. economy: doing so would raise
23944-405: The venue, in a format similar to reality television . Performers generally integrate authentic wrestling techniques and fighting styles with choreography , stunts , improvisation , and dramatic conventions designed to maximize entertainment value and audience engagement. Professional wrestling as a performing art evolved from the common practice of match-fixing among American wrestlers in
24108-413: The violations to the authorities. Undocumented employees' ability to work legally no longer exists, which makes it easier for corporations to take advantage of their services. Unfair and unjust, the exploitation of undocumented immigrants' labor goes unpunished because they are not considered legal immigrants. The search for employment is central to illegal international migration. According to data from
24272-535: The way of proceedings: the "in-show" happenings, presented through the shows; and real-life happenings outside the work that have implications, such as performer contracts, legitimate injuries, etc. Because actual life events are often co-opted by writers for incorporation into storylines of performers, the lines between real life and fictional life are often blurred and become confused. Special discern must be taken with people who perform under their own name (such as Kurt Angle and his fictional persona ). The actions of
24436-497: The weeks following, the stable was aided by a heavily clothed, masked figure whom, at Final Resolution was revealed as Salinas . At the 2008 Destination X pay-per-view in March, LAX got back in the title picture by defeating The Motor City Machine Guns (Alex Shelley and Chris Sabin) and The Rock 'n Rave Infection ( Jimmy Rave and Lance Hoyt ) in a number one contender's match. On the May 1 episode of Impact! , LAX asked Hector Guerrero to be their advisor, which he accepted. On
24600-420: The wrestlers quietly began faking their matches so that they could give their audiences a satisfying spectacle. Fixing matches was also convenient for scheduling. A real ("shoot") match could sometimes last hours, whereas a fixed ("worked") match can be made short, which was convenient for wrestlers on tour who needed to keep appointments or share venues. It also suited wrestlers who were aging and therefore lacked
24764-425: Was Wrestling As You Like It , which printed its first issue in 1946. These magazines were faithful to kayfabe . Before the advent of television, professional wrestling's fanbase largely consisted of children, the elderly, blue-collar workers and minorities. When television arose in the 1940s, professional wrestling got national exposure on prime-time television and gained widespread popularity. Professional wrestling
24928-425: Was absent. King later split the group along with Hernandez and Homicide to form The OGz . When Santana and Ortiz left for All Elite Wrestling (AEW), the stable became dormant. The latest rendition is called LAX 5150 or simply 5150 and is composed by Slice Boogie, Danny Rivera and Julius Smokes. It began working for MLW in July 2021, once again managed by Konnan. LAX emerged from the breakup of 4Live Kru , which
25092-507: Was also used in a NDP policy document as well as by Ontario NDP leader Andrea Horwath in a 2018 platform document. Conservative MP Dave Epp referred to "undocumented workers" in a 2020 interview with the CBC wherein he called for an end to the use of contract migrant labour by Canadian agriculture businesses, in part because many such workers are undocumented and therefore vulnerable to exploitation and unsafe working conditions. Based on data from
25256-607: Was announced on Ring of Honor (ROH)'s official website that LAX would be appearing at ROH shows on October 24 and 25. On October 24 in Danbury, Connecticut LAX defeated the ROH World Tag Team Champions Kevin Steen and El Generico , The Age of the Fall ( Jimmy Jacobs and Tyler Black ) and Chris Hero and Davey Richards in a 30-minute Iron Man match . On October 25, however, they lost to
25420-611: Was being helped by medics after he had been laid out by his new World Tag Team Championship partner Matt Morgan . However, on August 19, 2010, Homicide was released from TNA. LAX made their debut in Jersey All Pro Wrestling (JAPW) on June 9, 2007, defeating Azriel and Jay Lethal to win the JAPW Tag Team Championship. Their first defense was on September 8, 2007, against Low Ki and Samoa Joe. On October 27, 2007, Homicide defeated Low Ki to win
25584-488: Was challenges from independent wrestlers. But a cartelized wrestler, if challenged, could credibly use his contractual obligations to his promoter as an excuse to refuse the challenge. Promotions would sometimes respond to challenges with "policemen": powerful wrestlers who lacked the charisma to become stars, but could defeat and often seriously injure any challenger in a shoot match. As the industry trend continued, there were fewer independent wrestlers to make such challenges in
25748-618: Was involved in the decision. Despite Konnan quitting at the June 19 TNA IMPACT! tapings, Homicide and Hernandez remained in TNA to continue on as LAX. On the edition of July 26, 2007 of Impact! , LAX became heroes by attacking the Voodoo Kin Mafia for disgracing the Puerto Rican flag . At Hard Justice , LAX beat VKM. VKM originally beat LAX when Kip James pinned Hernandez with the Fameasser , however Hector Guerrero ,
25912-481: Was once again defeated by Beer Money, Inc. when they met for a championship rematch. Before the match, Jacqueline was revealed to have attacked Salinas backstage, and as a result she had to be rushed to the hospital. This was done to write her out of the LAX and their feud with Beer Money on-screen, and explain her departure from TNA shortly before the pay-per-view. On the September 25 episode of Impact! Homicide, Hernandez and Guerrero fought Roode, Storm and Jacqueline in
26076-541: Was possible to obtain French or Irish nationality (respectively) solely by being born in France before 1994 or in Ireland before 2005 (respectively). At present, a French born child of foreign parents does not automatically obtain French nationality until residency duration conditions are met. Since 1 January 2005, a child born in Ireland does not automatically acquire Irish nationality unless certain conditions are met. Some people enter into sham marriages , whereby marriage
26240-650: Was previously considered a niche interest, but the TV networks at the time were short on content and thus were willing to try some wrestling shows. In the 1960s, however, the networks moved on to more mainstream interests such as baseball, and professional wrestling was dropped. The core audience then shrunk back to a profile similar to that of the 1930s. In 1989, Vince McMahon was looking to exempt his promotion (the World Wrestling Federation ) from sports licensing fees. To achieve this, he testified before
26404-415: Was something other than what it appeared to be. I'm not sure now the fear was ever justified given the fact that the industry is still in existence today, but the point is no one questioned the need then. "Protecting the business" in the face of criticism and skepticism was the first and most important rule a pro wrestler learned. No matter how aggressive or informed the questioner, you never admitted
26568-417: Was the "world champion". Before the cartels, there were multiple wrestlers in the U.S. simultaneously calling themselves the "world champion", and this sapped public enthusiasm for professional wrestling. Likewise, the cartel could agree on a common set of match rules that the fans could keep track of. The issue over who got to be the champion and who controlled said champion was a major point of contention among
26732-409: Was the result of 3Live Kru adding new member Kip James , and Konnan being tired of the shenanigans between B.G. James and Kip James. When Kip was permitted into the stable, it was the last straw. At Turning Point in 2005, Konnan attacked Kip and B.G. with a chair, signaling that stable's end. Throughout December, "Bullet" Bob Armstrong , B.G. James' father, tried to get 4Live Kru back together. On
26896-466: Was won by Los Dueños de la Malicia , with Rodríguez pinning Homicide following a distraction on the outside of the ring. On the edition of January 15, 2009 of Impact! Hernandez cashed in his Feast or Fired opportunity and challenged Sting for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship . Hernandez won via disqualification after the rest of The Main Event Mafia interfered in the match and therefore
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