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35-503: While no longer used as a navigable waterway for freight, the waterway continues to provide water for drinking and irrigation purposes to the city of Kyoto as well as hydroelectric power through the 4.5MW Phase III Keage power station. Locations along the canal route and associated irrigation structures such as the former Keage Incline, the Nanzen-ji aqueduct and Philosopher's Walk , have become popular sightseeing destinations. Following

70-523: A National Treasure. Constructed in 1890 through the temple grounds to carry irrigation water from the Lake Biwa Canal . Parts of the 2003 film Lost in Translation were filmed there. Tap water Tap water (also known as running water , piped water or municipal water ) is water supplied through a tap , a water dispenser valve. In many countries, tap water usually has

105-418: A building that uses water falls under one of two categories; fixture or appliance. As the consumption points above perform their function, most produce waste/sewage components that will require removal by the waste/sewage side of the system. The minimum is an air gap. See cross connection control & backflow prevention for an overview of backflow prevention methods and devices currently in use, both through

140-532: A high dissolved gas content that is heated or depressurized, which reduces how much dissolved gas the water can hold. The harmless cloudiness of the water disappears quickly as the gas is released from the water. Water supply is the provision of water by public utilities , commercial organisations, community endeavors or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes . Public water supply systems are crucial to properly functioning societies. These systems are what supply drinking water to populations around

175-589: A means of a navigable waterway. The feasibility of an irrigation channel to Kyoto from Lake Biwa had been debated since at least the 17th Century, but written plans and initial survey work for a canal first began in 1873. In 1882, Minami Ichirobe , who had worked with Cornelis Johannes van Doorn on the Asaka Canal in Fukushima Prefecture, was commissioned by the City of Kyoto to make a survey for

210-726: A variety DC and AC generators imported from Siemens of Germany and GE of the United States. In order to make use of the power generated, construction of what was to become Japan's first tram line , the Kyoto Electric Railway ( 京都電気鉄道 , Kyōto Denki Tetsudō ) , began in 1895. In 1894 the Kamo River Waterway—;started in 1892—was completed, uniting Kamo River and Fushimi ward . Due to rapidly increasing demand for tap water and electricity, plans were made by Kikujiro Saigo ,

245-596: Is piped water, a term used by the Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation by WHO and UNICEF to describe the situation for access to drinking water in developing countries . Piped water is not necessarily of drinking water quality but does count as an " improved water source " in the logic of Sustainable Development Goal 6 . Other improved water sources include boreholes, protected dug wells or springs, rainwater, and bottled or water delivered by tanker. Everything in

280-561: Is a Zen Buddhist temple in Kyoto , Japan . Emperor Kameyama established it in 1291 on the site of his previous detached palace. It is also the headquarters of the Nanzen-ji branch of Rinzai Zen . The precincts of Nanzen-ji are a nationally designated Historic Site and the Hōjō gardens a Place of Scenic Beauty . The temple was destroyed in a fire in 1895 and rebuilt in 1909. Nanzen-ji

315-413: Is important that the clean water not be contaminated by the wastewater (disposal) side of the process system. Historically, this contamination of drinking water has been one of the largest killers of humans. Most of the mandates for enforcing drinking water quality standards are not for the distribution system, but for the treatment plant. Even though the water distribution system is supposed to deliver

350-498: Is too small to cause any health problems directly. The chlorine concentration recommended by World Health Organization is between 0.0002 and 0.0005 g/L. Contaminant levels found in tap water vary between households and plumbing systems . While the majority of US households have access to high-quality tap water, demand for bottled water increases. In 2002, the Gallup Public Opinion Poll revealed that

385-594: The Gozan in Kyoto is Nanzen-ji. After the completion of Shōkoku-ji by Ashikaga Yoshimitsu in 1386, a new ranking system was created with Nanzen-ji at the top and in a class of its own. Nanzen-ji had the title of "First Temple of The Land" and played a supervising role. The temple's Sanmon gate was originally constructed in the 13th century, destroyed in 1369 at the order of the government, and reconstructed in 1628. The gate contains stairs to an elevated viewing area, which

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420-506: The Meiji Restoration and the subsequent transfer of the capital to Tokyo , the city of Kyoto suffered a decline in commercial activity and a decrease in population . To address this problem, the third Prefectural Governor of Kyoto , Kitagaki Kunimichi ( 北垣国道 ) , advocated for the construction of a canal from Lake Biwa to provide both water for irrigation and industrial use as well as facilitate transportation of goods by

455-589: The "five great Zen temples of Kyoto"; however, it does play an important role in the " Five Mountain System " which was modified from Chinese roots. Tenryū-ji ( 天龍寺 , Tenryū-ji ) is considered to be one of the so-called Kyoto Gozan ( 京都五山 , Kyōto gozan ) or "five great Zen temples of Kyoto", along with Shōkoku-ji ( 相国寺 , Shōkoku-ji ) , Kennin-ji ( 建仁寺 , Kennin-ji ) , Tōfuku-ji ( 東福寺 , Tōfuku-ji ) , and Manju-ji ( 満寿寺 , Manju-ji ) . The head temple presiding over

490-514: The 20th century, and is now lacking mainly among people in poverty , especially in developing countries . Governmental agencies commonly regulate tap water quality . Calling a water supply "tap water" distinguishes it from the other main types of fresh water which may be available; these include water from rainwater -collecting cisterns , water from village pumps or town pumps, water from wells , or water carried from streams, rivers, or lakes (whose potability may vary). A synonym for tap water

525-588: The Keage Incline, has been preserved and is now a tourist attraction, famous for its ornamental cherry trees. Following the development of the railway and road infrastructure, the role of the canal as a means of transportation was largely over by the 1940s. From 2018 however, limited passenger boat traffic returned with the opening of the Lake Biwa Canal Cruise on open portions of the main canal between Keage and Ōtsu. In August 1989

560-526: The Lake Biwa Canal Museum of Kyoto ( 琵琶湖疏水記念館 , Biwako Sosui Kinenkan ) was established to commemorate the centenary of the opening. The museum reopened after renovation in 2009. 35°0′40.5″N 135°51′20.7″E  /  35.011250°N 135.855750°E  / 35.011250; 135.855750 Nanzen-ji Nanzen-ji ( 南禅寺 , Nanzen-ji ) , or Zuiryusan Nanzen-ji , formerly Zenrin-ji ( 禅林寺 , Zenrin-ji ) ,

595-681: The central government (one quarter), the Meiji Emperor (one third), and local taxes. During construction project Chief Engineer Tanabe visited the United States in 1888 to investigate canal based transportation systems. Although canal based transport for commercial goods was found to be only marginally viable, Tanabe also had the opportunity to observe hydropower projects in Lowell and Holyoke, Massachusetts as well as at Aspen, Colorado . After consulting with North American engineers,

630-588: The confluence point between Ōtsu and the Kamo River ) began in August 1885. Both main and branch canals covering a distance of 6.9 miles (11.2 km) were completed five years later in April ;1890 (134 years ago)  ( 1890-04 ) . On completion the canal passed through two locks, an inclined plane and three tunnels. The whole enterprise was estimated at 1,250,000 silver dollars, paid for by

665-512: The following plastic and metal materials: Other materials, if the pipes made from them have been let into circulation and the widespread use in the construction of the water supply systems. For many centuries, water pipes were made of lead, because of its ease of processing and durability. The use of lead pipes was a cause of health problems due to ignorance of the dangers of lead on the human body, which causes miscarriages and high death rates of newborns. Lead pipes, which were installed mostly in

700-455: The globe. Aspects of service quality include continuity of supply, water quality and water pressure. The institutional responsibility for water supply is arranged differently in different countries and regions (urban versus rural). It usually includes issues surrounding policy and regulation, service provision and standardization . Bottled water may have reduced amounts of copper, lead, and other metal contaminants since it does not run through

735-643: The idea of building a power station , fashioned after the Aspen hydroelectric plant and utilizing the high head streams available on the Lake Biwa Canal was put into practice. The first Phase I hydroelectric power station utilizing two 120 HP Pelton turbines and two Edison 80 kW DC generators became operational in August 1891. Subsequent augmentations to the Phase I power station meant that by 1897, 20 turbines were producing 1,760 kW of power through

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770-701: The late 1800s in the US, are still common today, much of which are located in the Northeast and the Midwest. Their impact is relatively small due to the fouling of pipes and stone cessation of the evolution of lead in the water; however, lead pipes are still detrimental. Most of the lead pipes that exist today are being removed and replaced with the more common material, copper or some type of plastic. Modern plumbing delivers clean, safe, and potable water to each service point in water distribution system , including taps. It

805-479: The plumbing pipes where tap water is exposed to metal corrosion; however, this varies by the household and plumbing system. In much of the developed world, chlorine often is added as a disinfectant to tap water. If the water contains organic matter, this may produce other byproducts in the water such as trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids , which has shown to increase the risk of cancer. The level of residual chlorine found at around 0.0002 g per litre, which

840-511: The possible health risk associated with tap water consumption is one of the main reasons that cause American consumers to prefer bottled water over tap water. The trust level towards tap water depends on various criteria, including the existing governmental regulations towards the water quality and their appliance. In 1993, the cryptosporidium outbreak in Milwaukee, Wisconsin , led to a massive hospitalization of more than 400,000 residents and

875-422: The quality of drinking water . Tap water is commonly used for drinking , cooking , washing , and toilet flushing . Indoor tap water is distributed through indoor plumbing , which has been around since antiquity but was available to very few people until the second half of the 19th century when it began to spread in popularity in what are now developed countries . Tap water became common in many regions during

910-490: The route of the proposed Lake Biwa Canal. Minami was supported in his survey work by Tanabe Sakurō ( 田邉朔郎 ) , a student at the Tokyo-based Imperial College of Engineering . On the basis of his May 1883 graduation thesis, entitled the ‘Lake Biwa Canal Construction Project,’ Tanabe was subsequently hired as the canal project's Chief Engineer. Construction work for the first canal (which went up to

945-545: The second mayor of Kyoto City, for the construction of the second route (Canal No. 2) to be built independent of the first Lake Biwa Canal. Construction work on the second canal was started in October 1908, and was completed in April 1912. With a resulting increase of water intake from 8.3 m3/s to 23.65 m3/s a water treatment plant and upgraded Phase II hydroelectric power plant were also erected. The original Phase I power station

980-481: The treated water to the consumers' taps without water quality degradation, complicated physical, chemical, and biological factors within the system can cause contamination of tap water. Tap water can sometimes appear cloudy and is often mistaken for mineral impurities in the water. It is usually caused by air bubbles coming out of solution due to change in temperature or pressure. Because cold water holds more air than warm water, small bubbles will appear in water. It has

1015-544: The two cities, the canal has two principal routes, the Canal No. 1 ( 第一疏水 , Dai-ichi sosui ) and the Canal No. 2 ( 第二疏水 , Dai-ni sosui ) . Due to the 36 meter difference in elevation between the upstream dam and its terminus, an inclined plane was built, which allowed boats to travel on land via the use of a flat car on which they were placed. Operation of the 9 ft ( 2,743 mm ) track gauge incline ceased in 1948, but part of its structure, known as

1050-490: The use of mechanical and physical principles. Fixtures are devices that use water without an additional source of power. Potable water supply systems are composed of pipes , fittings , and valves . Water flow through a tap can be reduced by inexpensive small plastic flow reducers. These restrict flow between 15 and 50%, aiding water conservation and reducing the burden on both water supply and treatment facilities. The installation of water pipes can be done using

1085-523: Was built in the 1600s by Kobori Enshu . The garden mirrors natural forms, and is seventy percent gravel. It has been designated a national Place of Scenic Beauty. The hōjō itself, also known as the Seiryo-den, was given to the temple by the Emperor Go-Yōzei . It contains a variety of important screen paintings on gold backgrounds, including two of tigers by Kanō Tan'yū . It has been designated

Lake Biwa Canal - Misplaced Pages Continue

1120-646: Was considered the largest in US history. Severe violations of tap water standards influence the decrease in public trust. The difference in water quality between bottled and tap water is debatable. In 1999, the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) released controversial findings from a 4-year study on bottled water. The study claimed that one-third of the tested waters were contaminated with synthetic organic chemicals , bacteria , and arsenic . At least one sample exceeded state guidelines for contamination levels in bottled water. In

1155-466: Was decommissioned, but with the commissioning of the Phase II power station and two additional sub stations, overall generation capacity from the Lake Biwa Canal rose to 6,400 kW by May 1914. The waterway runs from the vicinity of Mii-dera in Ōtsu , Shiga to its terminus near Nanzen-ji in Kyoto through a series of tunnels and along concreted irrigation channels around the mountains. Between

1190-579: Was founded in the middle Kamakura period (1291, or Shōō 4 in the Japanese era system). It was destroyed by fire in 1393, 1447, and 1467, rebuilt in 1597, and expanded in the Edo era. A large complex, it has varied over time between nine and twelve sub-temples. Zenkei Shibayama , who provided a popular commentary on the Mumonkan , was an abbot of the monastery. Nanzen-ji is not itself considered one of

1225-472: Was the setting for a famous scene in the 1778 Kabuki play Sanmon Gosan no Kiri inspired by the story of the criminal Ishikawa Goemon who is said to have spoken of the beauty of the view (but who was executed prior to the construction of the current gate). The hōjō (abbot's quarters) of Nanzen-ji is notable both for its gardens and its art. The garden of the hōjō is considered one of the most significant examples of karesansui gardens (rock gardens), and

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