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48-580: It was defined in September 2014, when a group of astronomers including R. Brent Tully of the University of Hawaiʻi , Hélène Courtois of the University of Lyon , Yehuda Hoffman of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem , and Daniel Pomarède of CEA Université Paris-Saclay published a new way of defining superclusters according to the relative velocities of galaxies. The new definition of

96-496: A portion of class instruction. Students interact with their instructors and peers from different locations to further develop their education. With extramural grants and contracts of $ 436 million in 2012, research at UH Mānoa relates to Hawaii's physical landscape, its people and their heritage. The geography facilitates advances in marine biology, oceanography, underwater robotic technology, astronomy, geology and geophysics, agriculture, aquaculture and tropical medicine. Its heritage,

144-735: A president of Cornell University , was introduced into the Territorial Legislature March 1, 1907 as Act 24, and signed into law March 25, 1907 by Governor George Carter , which officially established the College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts of the Territory of Hawaiʻi under a five-member Board of Regents on the corner of Beretania and Victoria streets (now the location of the Honolulu Museum of Art School). The Board of Regents first selected J.E. Roadhouse of

192-592: A professor of botany and horticulture at the university. In September 1912 it moved to its present location in Mānoa Valley on 90 acres of land that had been cobbled together from leased and private lands and was renamed the College of Hawaii. William Kwai Fong Yap, an cashier at Bank of Hawaii , and a group of citizens petitioned the Hawaii Territorial Legislature six years later for university status which led to another renaming finally to

240-600: A senior thesis project. The National Science Foundation ranked UH Mānoa 45th among 395 public universities for Research and Development (R&D) expenditures in fiscal year 2014. According to U.S. News & World Report ' s rankings for 2021, UH Mānoa was tied at 170th overall and 159th for "Best Value" among national universities; tied at 83rd among public universities; and tied at 145th for its undergraduate engineering program among schools that confer doctorates. The university offers over 50 distance learning courses, using technology to replace either all or

288-427: Is classified among " R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity ". It is a land-grant university that also participates in the sea-grant , space-grant , and sun-grant research consortia; it is one of only four such universities in the country to participate in all four consortia ( Oregon State University , Cornell University and Pennsylvania State University are the others). UH and its subsidiary,

336-798: Is a galaxy filament . It includes the Laniakea Supercluster which contains the Virgo Supercluster lobe which in turn contains the Local Group , the galaxy cluster that includes the Milky Way . This filament is adjacent to the Perseus–Pegasus Filament . Astronomer R. Brent Tully of the University of Hawaii 's Institute of Astronomy identified the Complex in 1987. The Pisces–Cetus Supercluster Complex

384-636: Is almost the same as that of the Horologium Supercluster . It consists of four subparts, which were known previously as separate superclusters: The most massive galaxy clusters of the Laniakea Supercluster are Virgo , Hydra , Centaurus , Abell 3565 , Abell 3574 , Abell 3521 , Fornax , Eridanus , and Norma . The entire supercluster consists of approximately 300 to 500 known galaxy clusters and groups. The real number may be much larger because some of these are traversing

432-695: Is designated as cancer center by the National Cancer Institute and represents Hawaiʻi and the Pacific. It was founded in 1971 and was named the Cancer Research Center of Hawaiʻi before 2011. As of 2024 , Naoto Ueno serves as the center's director. UH is the fourth most diverse university in the U.S. According to the 2010 report of the Institutional Research Office, a plurality of students at

480-466: Is estimated to be about 1.0 billion light-years (Gly) long and 150 million light years (Mly) wide. It is one of the largest structures known in the observable universe , but is exceeded by the Sloan Great Wall (1.3 Gly), Clowes–Campusano LQG (2.0 Gly), U1.11 LQG (2.5 Gly), Huge-LQG (4.0 Gly), and Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall (10 Gly), respectively. Sixty clusters comprise

528-540: Is uncertain whether these are companion galaxies of the Andromeda Galaxy University of Hawai%CA%BBi at M%C4%81noa The University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa is a public land-grant research university in Mānoa , Honolulu , on the island of Oahu, Hawaii . It is the flagship campus of the University of Hawaiʻi system and houses the main offices of the system. Most of the campus occupies

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576-487: The Zone of Avoidance , an area of the sky that is partially obscured by gas and dust from the Milky Way galaxy, making them essentially undetectable. Superclusters are some of the universe 's largest structures and have boundaries that are difficult to define, especially from the inside. Within a given supercluster, most galaxy motions will be directed inward, toward the center of mass . This gravitational focal point, in

624-566: The attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, classes were suspended for two months while the Corps of Engineers occupied much of the campus, including the Teacher's College, for various purposes. The university's ROTC program was put into active duty, which made the campus resemble a military school. When classes resumed on February 11, 1942, about half of the student and faculty body left to enter

672-562: The 1980s already suggested that several of the superclusters then known might be connected. For example, South African astronomer Tony Fairall stated in 1988 that redshifts suggested that the Virgo and Hydra–Centaurus superclusters may be connected. The neighboring superclusters to the Laniakea Supercluster are the Shapley Supercluster , Hercules Supercluster , Coma Supercluster , and Perseus–Pisces Supercluster . The edges of

720-747: The Applied Research Laboratory, is one of only 14 University Affiliated Research Centers (UARC) of the United States Department of Defense and is one of five UARCs in the country for the United States Navy . Notable UH alumni include Patsy T. Mink , Robert Ballard , Richard Parsons , and the parents of Barack Obama – Barack Obama Sr. and Stanley Ann Dunham . Forty-four percent of Hawaii's state senators and 51 percent of its state representatives are UH graduates. The University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

768-399: The College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts of the Territory of Hawaiʻi and formerly the College of Applied Sciences, the College of Tropical Agriculture & Human Resources (CTAHR) is the founding college of the university. Programs of the college focuses on tropical agriculture , food science and human nutrition, textiles and clothing, and Human Resources. The college was established as

816-626: The College of Arts, Languages, and Letters, the Shidler College of Business , the College of Education, and the College of Engineering, the university also maintains professional schools in law and medicine. Together, the colleges and schools of the university offer bachelor's degrees in 93 fields of study, master's degrees in 84 fields, doctoral degrees in 51 fields, first professional degrees in five fields, post-baccalaureate degrees in three fields, 28 undergraduate certification programs, and 29 graduate certification programs. Originally called

864-904: The College of Social Sciences and the College of Education at $ 16 million. Across the UH system, the majority of research funding comes from the Department of Health and Human Services , the Department of Defense , the Department of Education , the National Science Foundation , the Department of Commerce , and the National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA). Local funding comes from Hawaii government agencies, non-profit organizations, health organizations and business and other interests. The $ 150-million medical complex in Kakaʻako opened in

912-678: The Honolulu Training School in 1895 to prepare and train teachers and then Territorial Normal and Training School after Hawaiʻi became a territory in 1905. As the school outgrew its location on the Punchbowl side of Honolulu, a new campus was to be constructed on the corner of University Avenue and Metcalf Street. The first two buildings constructed by the Territorial Department of Public instruction became known as Wist Hall and Wist Annex 1. The normal school

960-585: The School of Pacific and Asian Studies. The college's core focus is the study of arts, humanities, and languages with a particular focus on Hawaiʻi, the Pacific, and Asia Studies. The College of Business Administration was established in 1949 with programs in accounting, finance, real estate, industrial relations, and marketing. The college was renamed the Shidler College of Business on September 6, 2006, after real-estate executive Jay Shidler, an alumnus of

1008-644: The UH System. In 1965 the Hawaiʻi State Legislature created the University of Hawaiʻi System , which incorporated the technical and community colleges into the university. The President’s role was expanded to include oversight of the new university system. In 1974, the role of chancellor was established to handle campus-specific leadership, allowing the UH President to focus on system-wide governance. Presidents Chancellors In 1984,

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1056-636: The United States, ranking 86th in parent institution investment among 113 North American members of the Association of Research Libraries. The UH Mānoa offers an Honors Program to provide additional resources for students preparing to apply to professional school programs. Students complete core curriculum courses for their degrees in the Honors Program, maintain at least a cumulative 3.2 grade-point average in all courses, and complete

1104-658: The University of California to head the new college in October 1907 but unfortunately had died before leaving Berkely. With classes scheduled to start in February 1908, the regents persuaded Willis T. Pope, vice principal of the Territorial Normal School, to head the college for its first semester. In Spring 1908, the regents appointed John W. Gilmore, professor of agriculture at Cornell University , as

1152-665: The University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa are Caucasian , making up a quarter of the student body. The next largest groups were Japanese Americans (13%), native or part native Hawaiians (13%), Filipino Americans (8%), Chinese Americans (7%) and mixed race (12%). Pacific Islanders and other ethnic groups make up the balance (22%). All UH Mānoa residence halls are coeducational. These include the Hale Aloha Complex, Johnson Hall, Hale Laulima, and Hale Kahawai. Suite-style residence halls include Frear Hall and Gateway House. First-year undergraduates who choose to live on campus live in

1200-461: The University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa has always been led by a president, chancellor, or provost, including interim or acting roles. From 1908 to 1965, the President of the University of Hawaiʻi, before the creation of the University of Hawaii System (UH System), served chief executive of the University. Technical and community colleges and Hilo College operated separately from what would later become

1248-583: The University of Hawaiʻi on April 30, 1919, with the addition of the College of Arts and Sciences and College of Applied Science. In the years following, the university expanded to include more than 300 acres. In 1931 the Territorial Normal School was absorbed into the university, becoming Teacher's College, now the College of Education. The university continued its growth throughout the 1930s and 1940s increasing from 232 to 402 acres. The number of buildings grew from 4 to 17. Following

1296-549: The case of Laniakea, is called the Great Attractor , and influences the motions of the Local Group of galaxies, where the Milky Way galaxy resides, and all others throughout the supercluster. Unlike its constituent clusters, Laniakea is not gravitationally bound and is projected to be torn apart by dark energy . Although the confirmation of the existence of the Laniakea Supercluster emerged in 2014, early studies in

1344-471: The college's first president. The Cornell connection would strongly influence the shaping of the new college, even today. It officially became an institution of higher learning on September 14, 1908, when it enrolled 5 freshmen registered for a bachelor of science degree. Willis T. Pope went on to become the Superintendent of Public Instruction in the Territory of Hawai’i from 1910 until 1913 and later

1392-422: The college, who donated $ 25 million to the college. The School of Nursing was established in 1951, even though courses in nursing had been offered since 1932 with a partnership with Queen's Hospital School of Nursing. The University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Library, which provides access to 3.4 million volumes, 50,000 journals, and thousands of digitized documents, is one of the largest academic research libraries in

1440-768: The eastern half of the mouth of Mānoa Valley , with the John A. Burns School of Medicine located adjacent to the Kakaʻako Waterfront Park . UH offers over 200 degree programs across 17 colleges and schools. It is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission and governed by the Hawaii State Legislature and a semi-autonomous board of regents. It also a member of the Association of Pacific Rim Universities . Mānoa

1488-596: The local supercluster subsumes the prior defined Virgo and Hydra-Centaurus Supercluster as appendages, the former being the prior defined local supercluster. Follow-up studies suggest that the Laniakea Supercluster is not gravitationally bound. It will disperse rather than continue to maintain itself as an overdensity relative to surrounding areas. The name laniākea ( [ˈlɐnijaːˈkɛjə] ) means 'immense heaven' in Hawaiian , from lani  'heaven' and ākea  'spacious, immeasurable'. The name

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1536-731: The people and its close ties to the Asian and Pacific region create a favorable environment for study and research in the arts, genetics, intercultural relations, linguistics, religion and philosophy. According to the National Science Foundation , UH Mānoa spent $ 276 million on research and development in 2018, ranking it 84th in the nation. Extramural funding increased from $ 368 million in FY 2008 to nearly $ 436 million in FY 2012. Research grants increased from $ 278 million in FY 2008 to $ 317 million in FY 2012. Nonresearch awards totaled $ 119 million in FY 2012. Overall, extramural funding increased by 18%. For

1584-572: The period of July 1, 2012 to June 20, 2013, the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST) received the largest amount of extramural funding among the Mānoa units at $ 92 million. SOEST was followed by the medical school at $ 57 million, the College of Natural Sciences and the University of Hawaiʻi Cancer Center at $ 24 million, the Institute for Astronomy at $ 22 million, CTARH at $ 18 million, and

1632-470: The president of the University of Hawaiʻi System, who provides leadership for all 10 campuses, including as the chief executive of UH Mānoa. Day-to-day academic and operational management of UH Mānoa is the responsibility of the Provost. When UH began as the College of Hawaiʻi, Willis T. Pope served as acting dean from 1907 to 1908, despite declining the title of "Acting President." Since that initial period,

1680-473: The role of the chancellor was dissolved and the president resumed direct oversight of UH Mānoa. In 2001, the position of chancellor was re-established by UH System president Evan Dobelle over conflict of interest concerns. Presidents The Provost role was established to handle the academic and operational affairs of UH Mānoa, while the President served as the chief executive of the University and retained overall UH System leadership. This reorganization

1728-503: The spring of 2005. The facility houses a biomedical research and education center that attracts significant federal funding and private sector investment in biotechnology and cancer research and development. Research (broadly conceived) is expected of every faculty member at UH Mānoa. Also, according to the Carnegie Foundation, UH Mānoa is an RU/VH (very high research activity) level research university. In 2013, UH Mānoa

1776-801: The superclusters and Laniakea were not clearly known at the time of Laniakea's definition. Since then, the study of the edges of the supercluster and of structures beyond them has substantially improved. Laniakea is itself a constituent part of the Pisces–Cetus Supercluster Complex , a galaxy filament . Solar System   → Local Interstellar Cloud   → Local Bubble   → Gould Belt   → Orion Arm   → Milky Way   → Milky Way subgroup   → Local Group → Local Sheet → Virgo Supercluster → Laniakea Supercluster   → Local Hole   → Observable universe   → Universe Each arrow ( → ) may be read as "within" or "part of". * It

1824-504: The traditional residence halls. Two apartment-style complexes are Hale Noelani and Hale Wainani. Hale Noelani consists of five three-story buildings and Hale Wainani has two high rise buildings (one 14-story and one 13-story) and two low-rise buildings. Second-year undergraduates and above are permitted to live in Hale Noelani and Hale Wainani. Pisces%E2%80%93Cetus Supercluster Complex The Pisces–Cetus Supercluster Complex

1872-580: The university at the recommendations of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare 's report on higher education in Hawaii and UH President Thomas H. Hamilton. By the end of the 1960s, the University of Hawaiʻi was very different from what it had since its beginning. It had become larger and with the addition of the community colleges, a broad range of activities extending from vocational education to community college education, which were all advanced through research and postdoctoral training. The university

1920-483: The war or military service. Students, who returned to campus, found classes cancelled due to lack of faculty and were required to carry gas masks to classes and bomb shelters were kept at a ready. Once the war was over, student enrollment grew faster than the university had faculty and space for. In 1947, the university opened an extension center in Hilo on Hawaiʻi Island in the old Hilo Boarding School. In 1951, Hilo Center

1968-494: Was designated the University of Hawaii Hilo Branch before its reorganization by an act of the Hawaiʻi State Legislature in 1970. By the 1950s, enrollment increased to more than 5,000 students, and the university had expanded to include a Graduate Division, College of Education, College of Engineering, College of Business Administration, College of Tropical Agriculture, and College of Arts and Sciences. When Hawaiʻi

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2016-500: Was elected to membership in the Association of Pacific Rim Universities, the leading consortium of research universities for the region. APRU represents 45 premier research universities—with a collective 2 million students and 120,000 faculty members—from 16 economies. The University of Hawaiʻi Cancer Center is part of the Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. Its facility in Kakaʻako was completed in 2013. It

2064-487: Was eventually merged into the University of Hawaiʻi in 1931 as the Teacher's College. In 1959, the name was changed to the College of Education. The College of Arts, Languages, and Letters (CALL) is the newest and largest college at the university. It was created following the dissolution of the College of Arts and Science and the merger of the Colleges of Arts and Humanities, Languages, Linguistics, and Literature (LLL) and

2112-458: Was founded in 1907 as a land-grant college of agriculture and mechanical arts establishing "the College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts of the Territory of Hawaiʻi and to Provide for the Government and Support Thereof". The bill Maui Senator William J. Huelani Coelho through the initiatives of Native Hawaiian legislators, a newspaper editor, petition of an Asian American bank cashier, and

2160-474: Was granted statehood in 1959, the university became a constitutional agency rather than a legislative agency with the Board of Regents having oversight over the university. Enrollment continued to grow to 19,000 at the university through the 1960s and the campus became nationally recognized in research and graduate education. In 1965, the state legislature created a system of community colleges and placed it within

2208-413: Was made to create a governance structure similar to other major research universities, such as the University of Washington and Indiana University. UH Mānoa, the flagship campus of the University of Hawaiʻi System, is a four-year research university consisting of 17 schools and colleges. In addition to undergraduate and graduate degrees in the School of Architecture, School of Earth Science and Technology,

2256-574: Was renamed the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa to distinguish it from other campuses in the University of Hawaiʻi System in 1972. The University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa operates within the University of Hawaiʻi System, which is governed by an 11-member board of regents who are nominated by the Regents Candidate Advisory Council, appointed by the governor, and confirmed by the State of Hawaiʻi legislature. The board also appoints

2304-505: Was suggested by Nawaʻa Napoleon , an associate professor of Hawaiian language at Kapiolani Community College . The name honors Polynesian navigators , who used knowledge of the sky to navigate the Pacific Ocean . The Laniakea Supercluster encompasses approximately 100,000 galaxies stretched out over 160  Mpc (520 million  ly ). It has the approximate mass of 10 solar masses, or 100,000 times that of our galaxy, which

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