The subscription business model is a business model in which a customer must pay a recurring price at regular intervals for access to a product or service . The model was pioneered by publishers of books and periodicals in the 17th century, and is now used by many businesses, websites and even pharmaceutical companies in partnership with governments.
44-657: The Las Vegas Review-Journal is a daily subscription newspaper published in Las Vegas , Nevada , since 1909. It is the largest circulating daily newspaper in Nevada and one of two daily newspapers in the Las Vegas area. The Review-Journal has a joint operating agreement with The Greenspun Corporation -owned Las Vegas Sun , which runs through 2040. In 2005, the Sun ceased afternoon publication and began distribution as
88-609: A family passionate about basketball. He earned a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from Johns Hopkins University and an MBA from Columbia Business School . Dumont's early career was in investment banking . He worked at Miller Buckfire and Bear Stearns . After his marriage to Ochshorn, Dumont joined the Adelsons' company Las Vegas Sands Corp , which operates resorts in Singapore and Macau, in June 2010. He served in
132-649: A paid subscription model is being favoured by more publishers who see it as a comparatively stable income stream. In the field of academic publishing , the subscription business model means that articles of a specific journal or conference proceedings are only available to subscribers. Subscriptions are typically sold to universities and other higher education institutions and research institutes , though some academic publishers also sell individual subscriptions or access to individual articles. In contrast with other media such as newspapers , subscription fees to academic publishers generally do not go towards supporting
176-440: A perpetual licensing model to a subscription model, known as " software as a service ". This move has significant implications for sales and customer support organizations. Over time, the need to close large deals decreases, resulting in lower sales costs. However, the size of the customer support organization increases so that the paying customers stay happy. Consumers may find subscriptions convenient if they believe they will buy
220-451: A political website that Righthaven sued after a Democratic Underground member posted a five-sentence excerpt from a Review-Journal article; the counterclaim, filed against Stephens Media and Righthaven asserted that alleged a "sham relationship" between the newspaper and Righthaven, and accused Righthaven of copyright fraud. In March 2011, a federal judge dismissed a suit brought by Righthaven, stating that no evidence had been presented that
264-422: A predictable and constant revenue stream from subscribed individuals for the duration of the subscriber's agreement. Not only does this greatly reduce uncertainty and the riskiness of the enterprise, but it often provides payment in advance (as with magazines, and concert tickets), while allowing customers to become greatly attached to using the service and, therefore, more likely to extend by signing an agreement for
308-924: A product or service , or, in the case of performance-oriented organizations such as opera companies , tickets to the entire run of some set number of (e.g., five to fifteen) scheduled performances for a whole season. Thus, a one-time sale of a product can become a recurring sale and build brand loyalty . Industries that use this model include mail order book sales clubs and music sales clubs, private web mail providers, cable television , satellite television providers with pay television channels, providers with digital catalogs with downloadable music or eBooks, audiobooks, satellite radio , telephone companies , mobile network operators , internet providers, software publishers , websites (e.g., blogging websites), business solutions providers, financial firms, health clubs , lawn mowing and snowplowing services, pharmaceuticals , renting an apartment, property taxes, as well as
352-404: A product regularly and might save money. The customer saves time for repeated delivery of the product or service. Subscriptions which exist to support clubs and organizations call their subscribers "members" and they are given access to a group with similar interests. Subscription pricing can make it easier to pay for expensive items since they can often be paid for over time and thus can make
396-576: A psychological phenomenon may occur when a customer renews a subscription, that may not occur during a one-time transaction: if the buyer is not satisfied with the service, he/she can leave the subscription to expire and find another seller. Because customers may only need or want some of the items received, this can lead to waste and an adverse effect on the environment, depending on the products. Greater volumes of production, greater energy and natural resource consumption , and subsequently greater disposal costs are incurred. Subscription models also create
440-540: A publisher of four small regional newspapers in Connecticut. At a December 10 staff meeting informing the Review-Journal staff that the paper had been sold, Schroeder was introduced as the manager. He refused to say who the owners of News + Media were, saying that employees should "focus on [their] jobs...and don't worry about who [the owners] are." Jason Taylor, the Review-Journal's publisher, said only that
484-406: A section of the Review-Journal . On March 18, 2015, the sale of the newspaper's parent company, Stephens Media LLC , to New Media Investment Group was completed. In December 2015, casino magnate Sheldon Adelson purchased the newspaper for $ 140 million via News + Media Capital Group LLC. GateHouse Media, a subsidiary of New Media Investment Group, was retained to manage the newspaper. $ 140 million
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#1732772321439528-674: A series of legal suits claiming copyright infringements. The company's practice was to search the internet for uses of Review-Journal material, purchase the copyright for that material from the newspaper and then file suit for copyright infringement. According to The Wall Street Journal , "Defendants typically get no warning, no take-down request, just a suit." Between March and August 2010, Righthaven LLC filed copyright infringement suits against 107 blogs, political forums, website operators, and others. The Electronic Frontier Foundation , together with other pro bono attorneys, filed an Answer and Counterclaim on behalf of Democratic Underground ,
572-428: A single purchase. In addition, subscription models increase the possibility of vendor lock-in , which can have fatally business-critical implications for a customer if its business depends on the availability of software: For example, without an online connection to a licensing server to verify the licensing status every once in a while, a software under a subscription-model would typically stop functioning or fall back to
616-522: A studio on its downtown campus to produce high-end live and on-demand videos for news, politics and sports. Programs include: In addition to delivering its shows on the Review-Journal website, the Review-Journal launched a Roku app in early 2018. In 2018 and 2022, Editor and Publisher magazine named the Review-Journal as one of 10 newspapers in the United States on the magazine's annual list of "10 Newspapers That Do It Right". In 1998,
660-532: A variety of strategy, operating, and finance positions, rising to senior vice president before being named the company's Chief Financial Officer (CFO) in March 2016. In 2015, Dumont brokered the deal for Sheldon Adelson to purchase the newspaper Las Vegas Review-Journal for $ 140 million in his role overseeing the Adelson family's investments. After the death of Sheldon Adelson on January 11, 2021, Dumont
704-705: Is an American businessman. After his marriage to Sivan Ochshorn, daughter of Miriam Adelson , in 2009, Dumont entered the Las Vegas Sands Corp , rising to Chief Financial Officer in 2016 and President and Chief Operating Officer in 2021. After the Adelson-Dumont family's purchase of the majority controlling interest in the NBA team Dallas Mavericks in 2023, Dumont became the team's governor . Dumont grew up in Brooklyn , New York, where he grew up in
748-433: Is important to have full access even to old files for decades). Also, consumers may find repeated payments to be onerous. Subscription models often require or allow the business to gather substantial amounts of information from the customer (such as magazine mailing lists), and this raises issues of privacy . A subscription model may benefit the software buyer if it forces the supplier to improve its product. Accordingly,
792-425: Is limited to paying subscribers. In addition to the freemium model, other subscription pricing variations are gaining traction. For instance, the tiered pricing model is frequently used in software as a service (SaaS) platforms, offering customers different access levels and features based on their subscription tier. This model is particularly effective for tailoring services to customer requirements. Another approach
836-494: Is the usage-based pricing model, which calculates charges based on the extent of service or product utilization by the customer. This model is becoming increasingly prevalent, especially in services where customer usage varies significantly. There are different categories of subscriptions: In publishing, the subscription model typically involves a paywall , paysite , or other "toll-access" system (named in opposition to open access ). As revenues from digital advertising diminish,
880-661: The Review bought the Journal and shortly thereafter began co-publication as the Las Vegas Evening Review-Journal . In the early 1940s, Cahlan and Garside's company, Southwestern Publishing, bought the Las Vegas Age , from Charles P. "Pop" Squires, which began publication in 1905 and was the oldest surviving paper in Las Vegas. The word "evening" was dropped from the name in 1949 when Garside left
924-547: The "General Excellence" award from the Nevada Press Association several times and has also won the "Freedom of the Press" award for its First Amendment battles from the statewide organization. When the paper was sold in 2015, it was initially unclear who the buyer was. The purchaser was a limited liability company, News + Media Capital Group LLC, and the only name listed on the documents was Michael Schroeder,
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#1732772321439968-604: The NBA Board of Governors. The Adelson-Dumont families' would own 69% of the team and previous controlling owner Mark Cuban 's share was reduced to 27%. Dumont's low profile was contrasted with that of the big persona and pop culture visibility of previous majority owner Cuban. According to the Dallas Morning News , the Adelson-Dumont family's purchase of the Dallas Mavericks was the realization of
1012-476: The Stephens Media newspapers were sold to New Media Investment Group . The current Review-Journal headquarters was built in 1971. A new $ 40 million printing press was installed in 2000 as part of a four-year, 152,000-square-foot expansion project. The two printing presses weigh 910 tons and consist of 16 towers. They were the largest presses in the world when they were installed. The newspaper has won
1056-460: The analyst knows who is an active customer and who recently churned. Additional benefits include a higher average customer lifetime value (ACLV) than that of nonrecurring business models, greater customer inertia and a more committed customer base as it transitions from purchase to opt-out decisions, and more potential for upselling and cross-selling other products or services. Some software companies such as Adobe and Autodesk have moved from
1100-449: The company and Cahlan struck an agreement with Donald W. Reynolds and his Donrey Media Group . In 1953, the RJ signed on KORK , one of Las Vegas' earliest radio stations. Two years later, it signed on Las Vegas' third television station, KLRJ-TV, in 1955, later changing the calls to KORK-TV. The station was sold in 1979, changing its call letters again first to KVBC, and then, in 2010, to
1144-492: The creation of the content: the scientific articles are written by scientists and reviewed by other scientists as part of their work duties. The publisher does not pay the paper authors and reviewers. In this light, the subscription model has been called undesirable by proponents of the open access movement. Academic publications that use the subscription model are called "closed-access" in opposition to their open-access counterparts. Businesses benefit because they are assured
1188-415: The current KSNV-DT . In December 1960, Reynolds exercised a buyout option with Cahlan, and bought the paper. Reynolds died in 1993, and longtime friend Jack Stephens bought his company, renamed it Stephens Media and moved the company's headquarters to Las Vegas. The Review-Journal entered into its first Joint Operating Agreement, or JOA, with the Sun in 1990, which was amended in 2005. In early 2015,
1232-525: The defendant's posting of a Review-Journal editorial to a blog was protected by fair use. The next month the Review-Journal terminated its arrangement with Righthaven, which was forced into receivership in November 2011 because of unpaid legal settlements. Subscription business model Rather than selling products individually, a subscription offers periodic (daily, weekly, bi-weekly, monthly, semi-annual, yearly/annual, or seasonal) use or access to
1276-571: The end of the year, it was recognized as one of the top online papers in the U.S. by the Internet Job Source. The Review-Journal also operated LasVegas.com as a general information site. LVRJ.com was redesigned in 2000 and the site was rebranded as Reviewjournal.com two years later. In 2012, the RJ launched its first apps for iPhone, Android, and iPad. A major online redesign launched in April 2017 with an emphasis on video. The RJ built
1320-449: The forum posting of a Las Vegas Review-Journal editorial for 40 days for noncommercial use harmed the market value of the work. In June 2011, another federal judge ruled that Righthaven had no standing to sue for copyright infringement, on the grounds that the original parties retain the actual copyrights. In August 2011 another case was dismissed by Federal judge Philip Pro , who found that Righthaven had no standing to sue, and in any case
1364-426: The functionality of a freemium version, thereby making it impossible (to continue) to use the software in remote places or particularly secure environments without internet access, after the vendor has stopped supporting the version or software, or even has gone out of business leaving the customer without a chance to renew the subscription and access his data or designs maintained with the software (in some businesses it
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1408-460: The future Las Vegas Raiders football stadium . In the months since, reporters say that stories about Adelson, and particularly about an ongoing lawsuit involving his business dealings in Macau, have been heavily edited by top management. The new ownership triggered numerous departures. On December 23 the paper's editor Mike Hengel stepped down in a "voluntary buyout". Many reporters and editors left
1452-399: The new owner was revealed, three reporters at the newspaper received an assignment from corporate management: Spend two weeks monitoring the activity of three Clark County judges. One of the judges was District Judge Elizabeth Gonzalez, who was hearing a long-running wrongful termination lawsuit filed against Adelson and his company, a lawsuit alleging that Adelson's Macao casino, Sands Macao ,
1496-449: The newspaper citing "curtailed editorial freedom, murky business dealings and unethical managers." Longtime columnist John L. Smith resigned after he was told he could no longer write anything about Adelson, a frequent focus of his reporting up until then. Within six months, all three of the reporters who broke the story of Adelson's ownership had left the paper. Las Vegas Review-Journal launched its website as LVRJ.com on Jan. 15, 1997. By
1540-432: The newspaper killed a story about casino mogul Steve Wynn 's sexual harassment of employees. The newspaper reported about the axed story in 2018, after The Wall Street Journal published a story in which dozens of people alleged that they had been victims of sexual misconduct by Wynn. In 2010, the Review-Journal ' s then-owner Stephens Media launched a copyright enforcement company called Righthaven LLC, which began
1584-544: The next period close to when the current agreement expires. In an integrated software solution, for example, the subscription pricing structure is designed so that the revenue stream from the recurring subscriptions is considerably more significant than the revenue from simple one-time purchases. Some subscription schemes (like magazines) also increase sales by not allowing subscribers to accept or reject any specific issue. This reduces customer acquisition costs and allows personalized marketing or database marketing . However,
1628-429: The opposite effect. This can be illustrated by subscribing to a service for mowing lawns. The effective use of a single mower increases when mowing for a collection of homes; instead of every family owning a lawnmower that is not used as much as the service-providing mower, the use of resources for producing lawnmowers, therefore, decreases while lawns stay cut. Patrick Dumont Patrick Dumont (born 1974 or 1975)
1672-455: The ownership included "multiple owner/investors, that some are from Las Vegas, and that in face-to-face meetings he has been assured that the group will not meddle in the newspaper’s editorial content.” There were widespread rumors that the primary buyer was Sheldon Adelson , and a week later three Review-Journal reporters confirmed that the purchase had been orchestrated by Adelson's son-in-law Patrick Dumont on Adelson's behalf. A month before
1716-425: The product seem more affordable. On the other hand, most newspaper and magazine-type subscriptions are paid upfront, which may prevent some customers from subscribing. Fixed prices may be an advantage for consumers who frequently use those services. However, it could disadvantage a customer who plans to use the service frequently but later does not. The commitment to paying for a package may have been more expensive than
1760-413: The system requires that the business have an accurate, reliable, and timely way to manage and track subscriptions. From a marketing-analyst perspective, the vendor has the added benefit of knowing the number of currently active members since a subscription typically involves a contractual agreement. This so-called 'contractual' setting facilitates customer relationship management to a large extent because
1804-482: The traditional newspapers, magazines, and academic journals . Renewal of a subscription may be periodic and activated automatically so that the cost of a new period is automatically paid for by a pre-authorized charge to a credit card or a checking account. A common variation of the model in online games and on websites is the freemium model, in which the first tier of content is free. Still, access to premium features (for example, game power-ups or article archives)
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1848-608: Was connected to the Chinese Triads. In January a set of editorial principles were drawn up and publicized to ensure the newspaper's independence and to deal with possible conflicts of interest involving Adelson's ownership. In February Craig Moon, a veteran of the Gannett organization, was announced as the new publisher and promptly withdrew those principles from publication. He also began to personally review, edit, and sometimes kill stories about an Adelson-promoted proposal for
1892-667: Was considered a steep price amounting to a 69% gain for New Media Investment Group after owning the newspaper for nine months. The Clark County Review was first printed in 1909. It was renamed as the Las Vegas Review in 1926 when owner Frank Garside, who owned several other Nevada papers, brought in Al Cahlan as a partner. In March 1929, the Clark County Journal began publication, and in July of that year,
1936-532: Was elevated to president and Chief Operating Officer (COO) of Las Vegas Sands Corp, positioning him as the heir to the family's gambling empire. The NBA Board of Governors unanimously approved the sale of the controlling ownership interest of NBA team the Dallas Mavericks to Miriam Adelson and Sivan and Patrick Dumont on December 27, 2023. Dumont became the Mavericks' governor and representative to
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