45-659: The Leland Stanford Mansion , often known simply as the Stanford Mansion , is a historic mansion and California State Park in Sacramento, California , which serves as the official reception center for the Californian government and as one of the official workplaces of the governor of California . Built in 1856, the mansion was formerly the residence of Leland Stanford , 8th governor of California and founder of Stanford University . The Stanford family donated
90-481: A condition of undisturbed integrity," or State Cultural Reserves which consist of areas selected and managed to preserve the integrity of historic structures and features as well as areas with spiritual significance to California indigenous people. State Wildernesses are areas where the environment has not been affected by humans and are relatively undeveloped state-owned or leased lands which have retained their original characters and influence or have been restored to
135-678: A department under the California Natural Resources Agency . The California State Parks system is the largest state park system in the United States. California State Parks administers 279 separate park units on 1.4 million acres (5,700 km ), with over 280 miles (450 km) of Californian coastline ; 625 miles (1,006 km) of lake and river frontage; nearly 15,000 campsites; and 3,000 miles (4,800 km) of hiking, biking, and equestrian trails. Headquartered in Sacramento , park administration
180-502: A grade Cā, tied for last with Alabama. By 2008, when the last report was issued, California had a C, which placed it near the bottom of the states. In discussing the results, the report noted that the personnel system is known to be dysfunctional, and that the Human Resources Modernization Project was underway to address the issue. California is divided into counties which are legal subdivisions of
225-583: A hyphen) in February 1961 to impose order on such chaos. Brown appointed the secretaries of the first four superagencies (of eight then planned) in September 1961. The superagencies operate as "umbrella organizations" or "semiautonomous fiefdoms," but their Cabinet-level secretaries are not quite as powerful as they may appear at first glance. The governor continues to directly appoint the leaders of superagency components. The appointments are announced by
270-492: A near-natural appearance. State wildernesses can be established within other state parks system units. Natural preserves are nonmarine areas of outstanding natural or scientific significance established within the boundaries of other units to preserve features natural features such as rare or endangered species and their supporting ecosystems. Cultural preserves are those established also within other units to preserve cultural features such as sites, buildings or zones important to
315-602: A variety of cases, including habeas corpus proceedings, and has discretionary authority to review all the decisions of the California courts of appeal, as well as mandatory review responsibility for cases where the death penalty has been imposed. The courts of appeal are the intermediate appellate courts . The state is geographically divided into six appellate districts. Notably, all published California appellate decisions are binding on all superior courts, regardless of appellate district. The California superior courts are
360-878: A wealthy Sacramento building merchant. The Renaissance Revival architecture of the original home is attributed to Seth Babson, who later designed the E.B. Crocker residence and art gallery that are now part of the Crocker Art Museum . Leland Stanford , president of the Central Pacific Railroad (one of the Big Four tycoons) and a rising member of the Republican Party , purchased the home for $ 8,000 (equivalent to $ 271,000 in 2023) in June 1861, shortly before his election as California governor that year. During his two-year governorship,
405-746: Is a bicameral body consisting of the California State Assembly , the lower house with 80 members, and the California State Senate , the upper house with 40 members. Members of the Assembly serve two-year terms; members of the Senate serve four-year terms, with half of the seats up for election on alternate (two year) election cycles. The speaker of the California State Assembly presides over
450-519: Is also the state's official reception center for leaders from around the world. Prior to the reopening of the mansion, California did not have a location for the hosting of official functions for nearly 40 years. Today the mansion is frequently used by the Government of California to host foreign dignitaries. The Governor also retains an office in the mansion. Tours of the mansion are offered daily but can be impacted by official functions on behalf of
495-553: Is divided into 21 districts. California's first state park was the Yosemite Grant , which today constitutes part of Yosemite National Park . In 1864, the federal government set aside Yosemite Valley for preservation and ceded the land to the state, which managed the famous glacial valley until 1906. California's oldest state park, Big Basin Redwoods State Park , was founded in 1902. Until 1921, each park
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#1732776618939540-624: Is physically accessible, including the gardens, Visitor Center and restrooms. Elevators provide access to the upper floors of the mansion's tour route. A tactile model of the Mansion is also available in the Visitor Center. California State Park California State Parks is the state park system for the U.S. state of California . The system is administered by the California Department of Parks and Recreation ,
585-601: Is the governmental structure of the U.S. state of California as established by the California Constitution . California uses the separation of powers system to structure its government. It is composed of three branches : the executive, consisting of the governor of California and the other constitutionally elected and appointed officers and offices; the legislative, consisting of the California State Legislature , which includes
630-571: The Assembly and the Senate ; and the judicial, consisting of the Supreme Court of California and lower courts. There is also local government, consisting of counties , cities, special districts , and school districts , as well as government entities and offices that operate independently on a constitutional , statutory , or common law basis. The state also allows direct participation of
675-531: The Historic American Buildings Survey , and through a large collection of photographs of the home taken in 1868 by Alfred A. Hart , and again in 1872 by Eadweard Muybridge . The repairs and restoration were completed in 2005, when the mansion opened to the public. California State Parks offers guided tours through the fully refurbished home. Rooms of the house have been restored to their 1872 appearance. The Leland Stanford Mansion
720-497: The National Park Service ) serving as acquisition officer, the new system of state parks rapidly began to grow. William Penn Mott Jr. served as director of the agency under Governor Ronald Reagan . In May 2008 The National Trust for Historic Preservation listed the park system as a whole on their list of America's Most Endangered Places . On January 10, 2008, Governor Schwarzenegger 's office announced that
765-564: The Sacramento River . In addition, one story was added to both the bottom and top of the mansion. The home was also expanded from 4,000 square feet (370 m) to 19,000 square feet (1,800 m), and redesigned to reflect the French Second Empire architecture popular of the period, particularly in the 4th floor Mansard roof that caps the home. The result was a four-story remodeled architectural sandwich in which
810-746: The University of California Board of Regents and of the California State University Board of Trustees. Regulatory activity is published in the California Regulatory Notice Register and the general and permanent rules and regulations are codified in the California Code of Regulations . State government is organized into many departments, of which most have been grouped together into several huge Cabinet-level agencies since
855-553: The amount in controversy is below $ 25,000). The state constitution allows direct participation of the electorate by initiative , referendum , and recall . In a 2015 review by the nonprofit Center for Public Integrity of how effectively states promote transparency and procedures to reduce corruption, California received a Cā, the second-highest grade in the country. It ranked particularly low in public access to information and judicial transparency. In 2005, Pew Research Center 's Government Performance Project gave California
900-661: The electorate ; propose a state budget ; give the annual State of the State address ; command the state militia ; and grant pardons for any crime, except cases involving impeachment by the Legislature . The lieutenant governor is the president of the California Senate and acts as the governor when the governor is unable to execute the office, including whenever the governor leaves the state. The governor and lieutenant governor also serve as ex officio members of
945-784: The California State Park System will consider indefinite closures of all or part of 48 specific individual parks (one in five) to help meet the challenges of the looming (projected) $ 14.5 billion deficit facing California for its 2008-2009 budget year. On September 25, 2009, Governor Schwarzenegger's office announced that all state parks would remain open during the 2009-2010 fiscal year using one-time budget reduction methods in maintenance, equipment, and services. A record wet winter in 2023 caused more than $ 210 million in storm damage to California's State Parks. Responsible for almost one-third of California's scenic coastline (280 miles), California State Parks manages
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#1732776618939990-527: The Governor's Office or the California State Legislature leadership. Beginning in 1991, with the help of Sacramento businessman and former Stanford University professor Peter McCuen, the Stanford Mansion underwent a 14-year renovation at a cost of $ 22 million ($ 49.21 million in 2023). Accurate restoration of the home and its rooms was aided by both an extensive study of the home in 1986 through
1035-492: The Stanford Mansion served as the state's executive office and living quarters. Succeeding governors Frederick Low and Henry Huntly Haight would also make the mansion their office. Between 1871 and 1872, the Stanford family embarked on an ambitious remodeling of the residence. As Stanford had had to attend his gubernatorial inauguration by rowboat in 1862, the home was raised twelve feet in response to frequent flooding from
1080-742: The State Assembly. The lieutenant governor is the ex officio president of the Senate and may break a tied vote, and the president pro tempore of the California State Senate is elected by the majority party caucus. The Legislature meets in the California State Capitol in Sacramento . Its session laws are published in the California Statutes and codified into the 29 California Codes . The judiciary of California interprets and applies
1125-612: The State Parks and the millions of people who visit them each year. Parks are patrolled by sworn State Park Peace Officers , of which there are two classifications, State Park Ranger and State Park Lifeguards. Subdivisions of California State Parks include the California Office of Historic Preservation, Off-Highway Motor Vehicle Recreation Division, and the Boating & Waterways Division. The Parks Forward Commission
1170-457: The administration of Governor Pat Brown . These agencies are sometimes informally referred to as superagencies , especially by government officials, to distinguish them from the general usage of the term "government agency". When Brown took office, he was dismayed to discover that under California law , approximately 360 boards, commissions, and agencies all reported directly to the governor, and proposed his "super-agency" plan (then spelled with
1215-1155: The classification of units of the state park system. All units that are or will become part of the system, except those units or parts of units designated by the state legislature as wilderness areas or are subject to any other provision of law are classified by the State Park and Recreation Commission into one of these classifications. State Parks "consist of relatively spacious areas of outstanding scenic or natural character, oftentimes also containing significant [...] values. State recreation units "consist of areas selected, developed, and operated to provide outdoor recreational opportunities" and are classified as either State Recreation Areas, Underwater Recreation Areas, State Beaches, and Wayside Campgrounds. State Recreation Areas consist of "areas selected and developed to provide multiple recreational opportunities," and are selected for "having terrain capable of withstanding extensive human impact and for their proximity to large population centers, major routes of travel, or proven recreational resources." Underwater Recreation Areas consist of "areas in
1260-654: The courts of general jurisdiction that hear and decide any civil or criminal action which is not specially designated to be heard before some other court or governmental agency. As mandated by the Constitution, each of the 58 counties has a superior court. The superior courts also have appellate divisions (superior court judges sitting as appellate judges) which hear appeals from decisions of other superior court judges (or commissioners, or judges pro tem) in cases previously heard by inferior courts, such as infractions , misdemeanors , and "limited civil" actions (actions where
1305-500: The electorate by initiative , referendum , recall and ratification . California's elected executive officers are: All offices are elected separately to concurrent four-year terms, and each officer may be elected to an office a maximum of two times. The governor has the powers and responsibilities to: sign or veto laws passed by the Legislature , including a line item veto ; appoint judges, subject to ratification by
1350-671: The estate to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento in 1900, which maintained a children's home on the estate until 1978. Subsequently, the Californian government purchased the property to serve as the Californian capital's ceremonial reception center and as a state park, officially known as the Leland Stanford Mansion State Historic Park . The original owner and builder of the home was Sacramento merchant Shelton C. Fogus,
1395-413: The first state park bond issue. Its efforts were rewarded in 1928 when Californians voted nearly three-to-one in favor of a $ 6 million park bond act. In addition, Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. completed a statewide survey of potential park lands that defined basic long-range goals and provided guidance for the acquisition and development of state parks. With Newton B. Drury (later to be named director of
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1440-542: The governor rather than by the secretaries, who are merely a layer of management installed to ensure that the components of their respective superagencies can stay outside of the governor's "routine attention span" (unless something goes wrong). Today, the Cabinet-level agencies (superagencies) are the: The independently elected officers run separate departments not grouped within the superagencies, and there are other Cabinet-level departments: Most (but not all) of
1485-459: The home was handed over the Sisters of Social Service who eventually transformed the mansion from an orphanage to a residence for dependent high school girls. A fire in the mansion in 1940 brought considerable damage to the fourth floor. The mansion was designated a California Historical Landmark in 1957 and a National Historic Landmark in 1987. In 1978, the government of California acquired
1530-534: The human history of California. State Marine Reserves have a uniform classifications established by the Marine Managed Areas Improvement Act: State Marine Reserve, State Marine Park, State Marine Conservation Area, State Marine Cultural Preservation Area, and State Marine Recreational Management Area. Government of California [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The government of California
1575-533: The law, and is defined under the Constitution, law, and regulations. The judiciary has a hierarchical structure with the Supreme Court at the apex. The superior courts are the primary trial courts, and the courts of appeal are the primary appellate courts. The Judicial Council is the rule-making arm of the judiciary. The California Supreme Court consists of the chief justice of California and six associate justices. The court has original jurisdiction in
1620-404: The leaders of these entities are normally appointed by the governor and confirmed by the state Senate. Despite their independence, the governor can exert influence on them over time by waiting for incumbent leaders to reach the ends of their terms and appointing new ones who support the governor's current agenda. Examples include the: The California State Legislature is the state legislature. It
1665-714: The nonmarine aquatic environment selected and developed to provide surface and subsurface water-oriented recreational opportunities..." State Beaches consist of "areas with frontage on the ocean or bays designed to provide beach-oriented recreational activities." Wayside Campgrounds consist of "relatively small areas suitable for overnight camping and offering convenient access to major highways." Historical units are "nonmarine areas established primarily to preserve objects of historical, archaeological, and scientific interest, and archaeological sites and places commemorating important persons or historic events." State seashores "consist of relatively spacious coastline areas with frontage on
1710-936: The ocean, or on bays open to the ocean [...] possessing outstanding scenic or natural character and significant recreational, historical, archaeological, or geological values." State Historic Parks consists of 47 specially-designated historic sites across California, that highlight crucial events in the history of California and provide an educational opportunity for those interested in learning about Californian history, namely students. These include battlegrounds, Californian missions , historic estates, cave paintings , and colonial fortifications, among others. State Reserves "consist of areas embracing outstanding natural or scenic characteristics or areas containing outstanding cultural resources of statewide significance," and are classified as either State Natural Reserves which consist of areas selected and managed to preserve their ecology, fauna, flora, geological features, and scenic qualities "in
1755-439: The original 2-story house sat between the added floors. Following Stanford's death in 1893, his widow Jane Lathrop Stanford continued to oversee the home. In 1900, Jane Stanford donated the home to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento to be used for the children of California. It was given to the Sisters of Mercy who ran it as an orphanage named the Stanford and Lathrop Memorial Home for Friendless Children. In 1932,
1800-512: The parks and providing reservations while being overwhelmed by the responsibility for managing the park system. The sites managed and preserved by the department are categorized into different types. There are 87 State Parks, 63 State Beaches, 51 State Historic Parks, 32 State Recreation Areas, 16 State Natural Reserves, 14 State Park Properties, 8 Vehicular Recreation Areas, 2 State Marine Reserves, 1 State Historical Monument, 1 State Seashore, and 1 Wayside Park. The Public Resources Code provides
1845-514: The property for use as a state park. The Sisters of Social Services would remain on the grounds until 1987, when California State Parks designated the mansion and the immediate surrounding land as a state historic park. Following the state's decision, the National Park Service declared the mansion as a National Historic Landmark on May 28, 1987. It was not until September 2005 that the mansion would finally be open to public tours, after $ 22 million worth of renovation and rehabilitation. The mansion
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1890-984: The state's finest coastal wetlands , estuaries , beaches , and dune systems. California State Parks contains the largest and most diverse natural and cultural heritage holdings of any state agency in the nation. State park units include underwater preserves, reserves, and parks; redwood , rhododendron , and wildlife reserves; state beaches, recreation areas, wilderness areas, and reservoirs; state historic parks, historic homes, Spanish era adobe buildings, including museums, visitor centers, cultural reserves, and preserves; as well as lighthouses , caverns , ghost towns , water slides, conference centers, and off-highway vehicle parks. These parks protect and preserve an unparalleled collection of culturally and environmentally sensitive structures and habitats, threatened plant and animal species, ancient Native American sites, historic structures and artifacts. The Department employs State Park Peace Officers Law Enforcement to protect and preserve
1935-552: The state. There are 58 counties, 482 California cities, about 1,102 school districts, and about 3,400 special districts . Counties and incorporated cities may promulgate local ordinances , which are usually codified in county or city codes, respectively, and are misdemeanor crimes unless otherwise specified as infractions . School districts , which are independent of cities and counties, handle public education. Special Districts deliver specific public programs and public facilities to constituents, and are defined as "any agency of
1980-491: Was formed after the California Legislature called for the formation of a multidisciplinary advisory council to conduct an independent assessment and make recommendations. The commission issued a report in 2015 that noted the lack of maintenance for many parks along with visitors who do not reflect the diversity of California's population. The report also said the agency is using outdated technology for managing
2025-503: Was managed by an independent commission or agency. In 1927, the California Legislature, with the support of Governor C. C. Young , established the State Park Commission, and its original membership included: Major Frederick R. Burnham , W. F. Chandler, William E. Colby (Secretary), Henry W. O'Melveny, and Dr. Ray Lyman Wilbur . The following year, a newly established State Park Commission began gathering support for
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