Misplaced Pages

#529470

39-631: Leshan has a long history, with written records tracing back to around 700 BC during the Kai Ming dynasty of the Shu Kingdom . Around the early Spring and Autumn period , the Ba people , led by Kai Ming Bie Ling, migrated from western Hubei and settled at the confluence of the three rivers in what is now Leshan, including present-day Fengzhouba and the Dadu River. They established a tribal center. From

78-691: A county-level city was formed. In 1985, Leshan became a prefecture-level city , with Emeishan and other county level cities under the administration of Leshan. In 1996, the Mount Emei Scenic Area, including the Leshan Giant Buddha , the largest stone-carved buddha in the world, which was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Next to the Leshan Giant Buddha is the Oriental Buddha Park ,

117-475: A monsoon -influenced humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cwa ) and is largely mild and humid. Winter is short, mild and dry, with a January average of 7.4 °C (45.3 °F), and while frost may occur, snow is rare. Summers are long, hot and humid, with highs often exceeding 30 °C (86 °F), yet extended heat waves are rare. The daily average in July and August is around 26 °C (79 °F). Rainfall

156-506: A Qin governor. In 311 BCE an official named Chen Zhuang revolted and killed Yaotong. Sima Cuo and Zhang Yi again invaded Sichuan and killed Chen Zhuang. Another Kaiming called Hui was made Marquis. In 301 BCE he was involved in an intrigue and chose suicide when confronted with Sima Cuo's army. His son, Wan, the last Kaiming marquis, reigned from 300 until 285 BCE when he was put to death. (Some say that An Dương Vương in Vietnamese history

195-775: A prefecture to a province ( lu ), becoming the third-largest city in Sichuan, after Chengdu and Chongqing. In the twelfth year of Emperor Yongzheng's reign (1734 AD) of the Qing dynasty, Jiading Prefecture was established again. In the early years of the Republic of China , from 1912 to 1917, Leshan was restructured into a county under the jurisdiction of the Sichuan Provincial Governor's Office. After Yuan Shikai 's death, Sichuan broke away from central authority; by 1918, Xiong Kewu took control of Sichuan, implementing

234-477: A privately run cultural theme park, featuring thousands of reproductions of Buddha statues and Buddhist themed carvings. Mount Emei is located within the county-level city of Emeishan , which is under the administrative jurisdiction of Leshan. The ancestral home of Chinese writer, academic and politician Guo Moruo is preserved in the Shawan District of Leshan. The Leshan dialect is distinct among

273-500: A style distinct from objects found from further north. This culture is suggested by many archaeologists to be that of the Shu kingdom. There are very few mentions of Shu in the early Chinese historical records until the 4th century BCE. Although there are possible references to a "Shu" in Shang dynasty oracle bones inscriptions that indicate contact between Shu and Shang, it is not clear if

312-421: A total length of 160 kilometers, was finished on January 14, 2000. This Freeway has since become very important to the city's development. Leshan Normal University ( 乐山师范学院 ) and Leshan Vocational & Technical College ( 乐山职业技术学院 ) are two government-funded colleges in the city. The Engineering&Technical College of Chengdu University of Technology ( 成都理工大学工程技术学院 ) is a non-government college, which

351-634: A valuable tourism resource. Affected by the monsoon and the uplift of the terrain, the climate is humid and the rainfall is abundant. Leshan City, located at the confluence point of Minjiang River , Dadu River , Qing Yi River , is a water-rich area. Apart from water resources, Leshan has rich mineral reserves of phosphorus , halite , limestone , kaolin , natural gas, gypsum , dolomite , mineral water and mirabilite . Shu (kingdom) Shu ( Chinese : 蜀 ; Pinyin : Shǔ ; former romanization: Shuh ), also known as Ancient Shu (Chinese: 古蜀 ; pinyin: Gǔ Shǔ ) in historiography,

390-468: A warlike people on the border of Chu. During the conquest Chu was still tied up in the east with the annexation of Yue . In 312 BCE Qin and Chu troops clashed on the upper Han River. Zhang Yi used a mixture of threat and bluff to block any interference from Chu. Later a Chu general named Zhuang Qiao pushed west and occupied the tribal territory south of the Yangtze south of Shu. In 281 BCE Sima Cuo crossed

429-421: Is 101.66.The population aged 0-14 years is 452,148, or 13.97 per cent; the population aged 15-64 years is 2387,477, or 73.78 per cent; and the population aged 65 and over is 396,131, or 12.24 per cent. The Han Chinese population is 3075,481, accounting for 95.05 percent; the ethnic minorities are 160,275 or 4.95 percent; and the Y i population is 153,092 or 4.73 percent. In 2017, the city's registered population

SECTION 10

#1732765738530

468-463: Is light in winter and can be heavy in summer, and more than 70% of the annual total occurs from June to September. The climate in the southwest mountainous area has obvious vertical differences and the climatic conditions are very complex, which is a region for the development of comprehensive agricultural management and three-dimensional agriculture in the region, the main production area of wood, tea, Chinese medicinal materials and other crops, and also

507-605: Is the Sichuanese dialect of the city of Leshan and is a variety of Minjiang . It preserves old southern ( Ba-Shu ) features lost in other Sichuanese dialects and is very different from the dialects of most other cities in the province of Sichuan , which are more typically Mandarin . There are a total of 20 initials in the Leshan dialect. This Sichuan -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Sino-Tibetan languages -related article

546-775: The Second Sino-Japanese War , Wuhan University and Jiangsu Sericulture College moved to Leshan, Sichuan University to Mount Emei, National Central Academy of Arts and Crafts was established at Renjiaba in Leshan, and Fuxing Academy was founded at Wuyou Temple in Leshan. Wuhan University left Leshan in June 1946. After the founding of the People's Republic, some of the area of Leshan was ceded to Emeishan city in 1958. Until 1978, Leshan had three districts of Shizhong (means downtown), Wutongqiao (literally 5-"tong"-bridge ) and Shawan (literally sand bay ). In 1978, Leshan as

585-649: The Sichuan Basin was isolated from what was then a Bronze Age civilization that was centered in the Yellow River basin to the northeast. The discovery of Sanxingdui in 1987 was a major surprise since it indicated a major culture in Neolithic China that was previously unknown. Circa 2050–1250 BCE the site of Sanxingdui 40 km north of Chengdu appears to have been the center of a fairly extensive kingdom. Objects found in two treasure pits are in

624-698: The Stone Cattle Road was built over the mountains to connect Qin and Shu. About 316 BCE the Marquis of Zu, who held part of the Stone Cattle Road, became involved with Ba and quarreled with his brother, the twelfth Kaiming King. The Marquis was defeated and fled to Ba and then to Qin. Zhang Yi proposed that Qin should ignore these barbarians and continue its eastward expansion onto the central plain. Sima Cuo proposed that Qin should use its superior army to annex Shu, develop its resources and use

663-534: The "Defense Zone System," which decentralized military, political, financial, and tax powers to local garrisons, leading to warlordism and prolonged unrest in the region for 18 years. During this time, Leshan was successively controlled by Chen Hongfan, Liu Wenhui , and Liu Xiang , with local officials appointed by the stationed troops. After the Mukden Incident , the Nationalist government relocated

702-716: The Han dynasty compilation Chronicle of the Kings of Shu  [ zh ] and the Jin dynasty Chronicles of Huayang . There are a few names of semi-legendary kings and emperors, such as Cancong  [ zh ] (meaning "silkworm-bush", claimed to be the founder of silkworm cultivation in Sichuan), Boguan  [ zh ] ("cypress-irrigator"), Yufu  [ zh ] ("cormorant"), and Duyu  [ zh ] ("cuckoo"). According to Chronicles of Huayang , Cancong

741-634: The Kingdom of Nanyue , made a push south of the Yangtze River and a little later Sima Xiangru pushed into the hill country west of Sichuan. These campaigns into tribal territory proved more expensive than they were worth and in 126 BCE they were both cancelled to shift resources to the Xiongnu wars in the north. In the same year Zhang Qian returned from the west and reported that it might be possible to reach India from Sichuan. An attempt to do this

780-667: The Qin and Han dynasties through to the Wei and Jin dynasties, the central government set up Nan'an County, laying the foundation for the present-day Leshan region. After the Sui unification of China, Leshan was part of Meishan Prefecture ( jun ). In the third year of the Kaihuang reign (583 AD) of the Sui dynasty, the prefecture system was changed to a two-tier system of state ( zhou) and counties. During

819-685: The Shu mentioned refer to the kingdom in Sichuan or other different polities elsewhere. Shu was first mentioned in Shujing as one of the allies of King Wu of Zhou who helped defeat the Shang in 1046 BCE at the Battle of Muye . However, shortly after Zhou's conquest, it was mentioned in Yizhoushu that a subordinate of King Wu led an expedition against Shu. After the battle of Muye, northern influences on Shu seem to have increased and then decreased while

SECTION 20

#1732765738530

858-533: The Shu remained culturally distinct; archaeology suggests contacts with Shu in the late Shang and early Zhou period, but little evidence of influence from later Zhou. The expulsion of the Zhou from the Wei River valley in 771 BCE probably increased Shu's isolation. Written accounts of Shu are largely a mixture of mythological stories and historical legends found in local annals and miscellaneous notes, which include

897-641: The Tang dynasty's Zhenguan reign, Leshan became part of Jiazhou. In the Northern Song's Chongning reign, Leshan belonged to Jiading Prefecture, which administered five counties. During the reign of Emperor Ningzong of the Southern Song, Jiazhou was elevated to a prefecture and renamed Jiading Prefecture, marking the first use of the name "Jiading." During the Song and Yuan dynasties, Leshan's status rose from

936-576: The Yangtze and cut him off from Chu. He responded by declaring himself an independent king and he and his troops gradually blended into the local population. Starting in 280 BCE or before general Bai Qi pushed down the Han River and took the Chu capital (278 BCE). In 277 BCE the Three Gorges area was taken. The effect was to create a new Qin frontier east of Sichuan. Sichuan remained quiescent during

975-566: The added strength for a later attack eastward. Sima Cuo's proposal was accepted and both advisors were sent south as generals. The two armies met near Jaimeng on the Jialing River in Ba territory. The Kaiming king lost several battles and withdrew southward to Wuyang where he was captured and killed. Qin then turned on its allies and annexed Ba. In 314 BCE the late Kaiming king's son was appointed Marquis Yaotong of Shu to rule in conjunction with

1014-697: The dialects in Sichuan province for retaining the entering tone, the fourth of the four tones in classical Chinese pronunciation, which most Sichuan dialects and Mandarin no longer uses. Unlike other Sichuan dialects, most of which are mutually understandable, the Leshan dialect is difficult for other Sichuan people to understand. Falling into the Sichuan cuisine family, Leshan is noted for its food culture, especially its variety of street foods. Typical specialties include: There are Chengdu–Mianyang–Leshan intercity railway and Chengdu–Guiyang high-speed railway serving Leshan. The G0512 Chengdu–Leshan Expressway with

1053-611: The south of Ma Bian, Ebian Yi Autonomous County, and Jinkouhe District. Leshan City is located in central Sichuan Province , southwest of the Sichuan Basin. Meishan borders on the north, Zigong and Yibin in the east, Liangshan in the south, and Ya'an in the west. Leshan city is located in the transition zone from Sichuan basin to southwest mountainous area, the overall trend is high in southwest, low in northeast, with wide difference in height. Landforms are mountainous, hilly, Pingba three types, mainly mountainous. Leshan has

1092-515: The treasures from the Forbidden City , Beijing to Shanghai, then Nanjing, and a significant portion eventually ended up in Leshan, including Emei and Angu, while the rest of them stored in Baxian (now Banan, Chongqing ). The Forbidden City artifacts were stored in Leshan from July 1939, when the first batch arrived, until March 1947, when the last batch was transported out. In addition, during

1131-553: The wars before and after the Qin dynasty indicating the Qin policy of assimilation had been successful. Archaeological remains in Shu from this period are very similar to those of northern China, while the Ba area remained somewhat distinct. When Liu Bang launched his campaign to found the Han dynasty Sichuan was an important supply base. In 135 BCE, under the expansionist Emperor Wu of Han , general Tang Meng, attempting an indirect approach to

1170-511: Was 3.518 million, accounting for 3.86 percent of the province's total population; at the end of the year, the resident population was 3.272 million. There are 41 ethnic groups in Leshan City. Han, Yi, Hui and Miao live in the world. Han nationality is the main, followed by Yi nationality , ethnic minorities about 113,000 people, accounting for 3.2 percent of the total population. Yi Nationality: A major minority nationality concentrated in

1209-472: Was a member of the Kaiming family who led his people southward.) The conquest had more than doubled Qin's territory and gave it an area safe from the other states except Chu, but the land had to be developed before its taxes could be converted into military strength. Shu was made a "jun" or commandery and became a testing ground for this type of administration. Chengdu was surrounded by an enormous wall. Land

Leshan - Misplaced Pages Continue

1248-596: Was also some Chu influence on the Shu state. In 474 BCE emissaries from the Shu state presented gifts to the Qin state which was the first recorded contact between these two states. Later Shu troops crossed the Qinling Mountains and approached the Qin capital of Yong, and in 387 Shu and Qin troops clashed near Hanzhong on the upper Han river. About 356–338 BCE Shang Yang strengthened the Qin state by centralizing it. In 337 BCE Shu emissaries congratulated King Huiwen of Qin on his accession. At about this time

1287-584: Was an ancient kingdom in what is now Sichuan Province . It was based on the Chengdu Plain , in the western Sichuan basin with some extension northeast to the upper Han River valley . To the east was the Ba tribal confederation . Further east down the Han and Yangtze rivers was the State of Chu . To the north over the Qinling Mountains was the State of Qin . To the west and south were tribal peoples of little military power. This independent Shu state

1326-831: Was blocked by the hill tribes. In 112 BCE Tang Meng resumed his expansionist wars southward. His harsh methods provoked a near mutiny in Sichuan and Sima Xiangru was brought in to enforce a more moderate policy. By this time Chinese expansion across flat agricultural country had reached a natural geographical limit. Expansion into the hill country to the south and west was much slower. Shu is represented by star Alpha Serpentis in asterism Right Wall , Heavenly Market enclosure (see Chinese constellation ), together with Lambda Serpentis in R.H.Allen's works. Leshan dialect The Leshan dialect ( simplified Chinese : 乐 山 话 ; traditional Chinese : 樂 山 話 ; pinyin : Lèshānhuà ; Sichuanese Standard Chinese : No san hua ; local pronunciation: [nʊʔ sã xuɑ ] )

1365-437: Was conquered by the state of Qin in 316 BCE. Recent archaeological discoveries at Sanxingdui and Jinsha thought to be sites of Shu culture indicate the presence of a unique civilization in this region before the Qin conquest. In subsequent periods of Chinese history the Sichuan area continued to be referred to as Shu after this ancient state, and later states founded in the same region were also called Shu. Before 316 BCE,

1404-404: Was established in 2003. According to the sixth national census in 2010, the city's resident population stood at 3235,756, a decrease of 88,383 or 2.66% over the fifth national census. The average annual decrease was 0.27 per cent. Of these, the male population is 1631206, or 50.41 per cent, and the female population is 1604,550, or 49.59 per cent. The sex ratio of the total population (100 females)

1443-543: Was redistributed and divided into rectangular plots. Tens of thousands of colonists were brought in from the north. Many were convicts or people displaced by the wars further north. They were marched south in columns supervised by Qin officials. The great Dujiangyan Irrigation System was begun to divert the Min River east to the Chengdu Plain. Qin intervention in Ba was less extensive, apparently to avoid alienating

1482-452: Was successful in managing a flood and Duyu then abdicated in his favor. A later account states that the Kaiming kings occupied the far south of Shu before travelling up the Min River and taking over from Duyu. As the state of Chu expanded westward up the Han and Yangtze valleys it pushed the Ba peoples west toward Shu. In the 5th and 4th centuries BCE in Sichuan archaeologists hold that this interaction helped create Ba–Shu culture. There

1521-505: Was the first of the legendary kings and had protruding eyes, while Duyu taught the people agriculture and transformed into a cuckoo after his death. In 666 BCE a man from Chu called Bieling  [ vi ] ("turtle spirit") founded the Kaiming dynasty which lasted twelve generations until the Qin conquest. Legend has it that Bieling had died in Chu and his body floated upriver to Shu, whereupon he came back to life. While at Shu, he

#529470