32-760: Life Education Australia (Life Ed) is the largest and most recognised health education provider in Australian schools. Life Ed reaches on average 700,000 children annually where qualified educators present evidence-based preventative health and wellbeing education, along with Healthy Harold, the giraffe puppet and mascot who is the face of the organisation. Life Education Australia began in 1979, in The Wayside Chapel in Kings Cross by Reverend Ted Noffs, who used his experience with religion to focus on an action-based approach as opposed to preaching. In 2016,
64-725: A combination of community campaigns and green bans placed by the NSW Builders Labourers Federation. As a celebration to commemorate the Stonewall Riots , the inaugural Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras pro- gay rights protest march was held on the evening of 24 June 1978. After the protest march, participants were subject to police harassment in Hyde Park , following the revocation of the original protest permit. Some participants headed to Kings Cross where police arrested 53 people, although most of
96-547: A diverse population, both resident and passing through at Kings Cross. Since the introduction of controversial lockout laws in March 2014 several nightclubs and pubs in the area have closed down. In February 2021, the NSW government announced the end of lockout laws in March 2021 hoping to revitalise the area. Kings Cross has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: Events and celebrations Popular culture As of 2019, it
128-454: A fine library of English literature , specialising in poetry and sixteenth and seventeenth century books. In 1866, perhaps on the encouragement of George Robertson of Angus & Robertson , he began to collect early Australian books and manuscripts. In his search for books he was "largely indebted to the efforts of booksellers who knew Australiana, including George Robertson , Fred W. Wymark , William Dymock and James R. Tyrrell ". Once
160-561: A high level of notoriety out of all proportion to its limited geographical extent. Hundreds of American servicemen on R & R (rest and recreation) leave flocked to the area each week in search of entertainment. Organised crime and police corruption were well entrenched in the area – one of Sydney's most notorious illegal casinos operated with impunity for many years, although it was known to all and located only yards from Darlinghurst police station. Much of this activity can be related with Abe Saffron , commonly known as Mr Sin or "the boss of
192-497: A journalist and publisher, campaigned against property development in the Kings Cross area during the 1970s until her sudden disappearance on 4 July 1975. A coronial inquest determined that Nielsen had been murdered, and although the case has never been officially solved, it is widely believed that Nielsen was killed by agents of the developers. Some of the projects she campaigned against were delayed, halted or modified due to
224-502: A large number of artists, including writers, poets and journalists such as Kenneth Slessor , Christopher Brennan , Hal Porter , George Sprod and Dame Mary Gilmore , entrepreneur Mayfield B. Anthony, actors including Peter Finch and Chips Rafferty , and painters Sir William Dobell and Rosaleen Norton . From the 1960s onwards Kings Cross also came to serve as both the city's main tourist accommodation and entertainment mecca , as well as its red-light district . It thereby achieved
256-468: A long delay in starting a building and Mitchell suggested that the bequest would be cancelled if the books were not housed a year after the owner's death. In June 1905, the Premier of New South Wales , Joseph Carruthers , instructed the government architect to prepare designs for a library and the work was begun early in 1906. Mitchell died on 24 July 1907 and his entire collection became the property of
288-458: A railway station, gyms, supermarkets and bakeries as well as entertainment venues including bars, restaurants, nightclubs, brothels and strip clubs. The intersection of William Street , Darlinghurst Road and Victoria Street at the locality's southernmost limit was named Queen's Cross to celebrate Queen Victoria 's diamond jubilee in 1897. Confusion with Queen's Square in King Street in
320-528: A week, he went the round of the bookshops; by now, book collecting had become all-consuming. Mitchell had a good memory and discrimination, but as time went on he saw that even the most obscure and apparently worthless pamphlet might throw some light on its time. Though withdrawn from society, he welcomed genuine students such as Arthur Wilberforce Jose and Bertram Stevens , especially if they were interested in Australian problems. Mitchell also purchased books from other collectors, most notably Mitchell purchased
352-529: Is an inner-eastern locality of Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . It is located approximately 2 kilometres east of the Sydney central business district , in the local government area of the City of Sydney . It is bounded by the suburbs of Potts Point , Elizabeth Bay , Rushcutters Bay and Darlinghurst . Colloquially known as The Cross , the area was once known for its music halls and grand theatres. It
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#1732787615618384-532: Is estimated 4,948 people live within the locality's 0.17 km (0.066 sq mi) area. In 2018, the local area (including Potts Point and Woolloomooloo) was recognised as the second most densely populated in Australia. David Scott Mitchell David Scott Mitchell (19 March 1836 – 24 July 1907) was a collector of Australian books, founder and benefactor of the Mitchell Library , at
416-516: The State Library of New South Wales , Sydney. In 1836 Mitchell was born in Sydney, the son of Dr James Mitchell and his wife Augusta Maria Frederick, née Scott. James Mitchell came to Australia in 1821 as an army surgeon, and two years later was appointed assistant surgeon at the military hospital, Macquarie Street, Sydney , of which he became head in 1825. James Mitchell afterwards became
448-613: The 3,300-volume Australian collection of Alfred Lee in 1906. ... I give and bequeath to the Trustees of the Public Library of New South Wales all my books, pictures, engravings, coins, tokens, medals and manuscripts ... upon the trust and condition that the same shall be called and known as "The Mitchell Library" and shall be permanently arranged and kept for use in a special wing or set of rooms dedicated for that purpose... Extract from will of David Scott Mitchell Mitchell
480-578: The Cross". A positive influence in the area during that time was the Wayside Chapel , run by Rev Ted Noffs . His church was open most of the time, providing a "drop in centre" and counselling services to many of the itinerants who were drawn to the area. The Ted Noffs Foundation Inc , established in 1971, continues his work supporting young people and their families who are experiencing drug and alcohol problems and related trauma. Juanita Nielsen ,
512-590: The area its leafy character, and many of the mansions are commemorated through street names such as Roslyn, Orwell and Kellett. Most of the grand estates were ultimately subdivided with all but a handful of the great houses demolished. One of the surviving homes, located nearby in the suburb of Elizabeth Bay , is Elizabeth Bay House , a quintessential example of Australian colonial architecture. Others, now used for other purposes, include Tusculum in Manning Street and Rockwall. A prominent past resident of this era
544-417: The charges were later dropped. Australia's first widely known transgender person, Carlotta , rose to prominence in Kings Cross whilst working in cabaret at Les Girls , The Tender Trap , and her appearance on soap opera Number 96 . From the late 1960s, drug-related crime was one of the area's main social problems. In 2001, despite controversy, Australia's first Medically Supervised Injecting Centre
576-508: The city prompted its renaming as Kings Cross, after King Edward VII , in 1905. During the early 19th century the Darlinghurst area, which extended to include current day Kings Cross, was one of Sydney's most prestigious locations, being far enough to escape the noise and smell of the central city but close enough for easy travel. An additional attraction was the commanding harbour views to the east and north and (from some points) views to
608-478: The early decades of the 20th century. The illegal trading of alcohol, known as sly grog , was notorious in the area up until mid-century, led by rival brothel owners, Tilly Devine and Kate Leigh . For most of the 1900s, the "Cross" was an entertainment centre which hosted numerous clubs and cafes as well as the Kings Cross Theatre , one of Sydney's earliest movie houses. The area was also home to
640-436: The mid-19th to mid-20th century and advertised estates and subdivisions of land for sale. They illustrate the urban development of Sydney as large estates were divided up and transformed into the suburbs of Sydney. The estates and mansions are commemorated through street names such as Roslyn, Orwell and Kellett, as documented in the gallery of subdivision maps. The Kings Cross district was Sydney's bohemian heartland from
672-776: The owner of 50,000 acres (200 km ) in the Hunter River valley which included rich coal-bearing land. James and Augusta are commemorated by a window in the Garrison Church . David Mitchell was born at Sydney Hospital, grew up in Cumberland Street, Sydney and in October 1852, aged 16, became one of the first seven undergraduate students in the newly established University of Sydney in 1852. Mitchell won scholarships in mathematics and graduated B.A. in 1856 with honours in classics, and M.A. in 1859. Mitchell
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#1732787615618704-559: The program began to teach topics of illicit drug use like methamphetamine , in response to rising narcotics usage rates in Australia. In 2017, the Australian government announced plans to defund the program, but this was not implemented after public backlash. The in-person program was temporary halted and moved online due to restrictions placed by the Australian government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic , but resumed on October 13, 2020. Kings Cross, New South Wales Kings Cross
736-531: The state. Additionally, a sum of £70,000 was bequeathed, the income from which has been spent in adding to the collection. Mitchell was the first patron of the Royal Australian Historical Society in 1901. Mitchell's reclusiveness did not allow him to agree to having his portrait painted. The portrait prefixed to the centenary volume was painted from a photograph, after his death. He would never be interviewed and his kindliness
768-519: The west as far as the Blue Mountains . In 1828, the Governor of New South Wales Sir Ralph Darling subdivided the area, then known as Woolloomooloo Hill, into large allotments which he granted seventeen estates to favoured subordinates and leading businessmen. They built a series of grandiose mansions with sprawling gardens of up to ten acres (4 ha). The remnants of these gardens helped give
800-401: Was David Scott Mitchell . The estates that Governor Darling granted to the emerging merchant class and professional elite shaped the development of the area that came to be known as Kings Cross. The mansions built on these estates such as Tusculum remain today as leading examples of architectural design in colonial Australia. Subdivision plans also known as estate maps were produced from
832-413: Was called to the bar but did not practise law or any other profession. It was said that he declined the position of attorney-general. Mitchell assisted in the management of the Hunter River estates. Mitchell was a good cricketer and dancer, a skilful whist player, and a good amateur actor. Allegedly, he broke off a romance with Emily Matilda Manning , daughter of William Montagu Manning . Mitchell
864-412: Was already forming a collection of books. Mitchell's father died in 1869 and there was a lawsuit over the will. Publication of the family affairs was humiliating to a man of Mitchell's sensitive disposition. Mitchell was affected by the death of his mother greatly and began to withdraw from the world; his health was never robust. The formation of his library became his chief interest. He began to build up
896-399: Was anxious that the (then) colony of New South Wales might have the benefit of his collections. Eventually, after a conference with the Sydney public librarian, he informed the trustees on 17 October 1898 that he was willing to bequeath his collection to the library, if a suitable building were provided and if the books would be available to students. The offer was accepted. However, there was
928-427: Was established (where users of illegal drugs can inject themselves at a safe injection site in clean conditions) at a shopfront site in Kings Cross. The injecting room is credited with reducing the occurrence of fatal overdoses in the injecting drug user community, as well as reducing the number of needles left in the street, with an interim evaluation report in 2007 claiming: The reduction in opioid-related overdoses
960-454: Was much more substantial in the immediate vicinity of the MSIC than in other neighbouring areas. ... Counts of discarded needles and syringes collected locally indicated a decrease of around 50% following the establishment of the service. Today, the ongoing operation of tourist accommodation, the proximity to social housing and health care, and the convenient public transport to the city result in
992-570: Was only known to a few students. He did not marry, but was glad to think that the library would be a permanent memorial of his family. Mitchell was buried in Rookwood Cemetery . In 1936, the centenary of Mitchell's birth, the trustees of the Public Library of New South Wales published The Mitchell Library, Sydney, Historical and Descriptive Notes . Written by the librarian Miss Ida Leeson , this publication describes some of
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1024-455: Was rapidly transformed after World War II by the influx of troops returning and visiting from the nearby Garden Island naval base . It became known as Sydney's night entertainment and red-light district , earning the nickname " Sin City "; however, many nightclubs, bars and adult entertainment venues closed due to the Sydney lockout laws . Today, it is a mixed locality offering services such as
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