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64-554: Eli Lilly and Company , doing business as Lilly , is an American multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in Indianapolis , Indiana, with offices in 18 countries. Its products are sold in approximately 125 countries. The company was founded in 1876 by Eli Lilly , a pharmaceutical chemist and Union Army veteran of the American Civil War for whom the company was later named. As of October 2024, Lilly

128-420: A DBA must be registered with a local or state government, or both, depending on the jurisdiction. For example, California, Texas and Virginia require a DBA to be registered with each county (or independent city in the case of Virginia) where the owner does business. Maryland and Colorado have DBAs registered with a state agency. Virginia also requires corporations and LLCs to file a copy of their registration with

192-467: A DBA statement, though names including the first and last name of the owner may be accepted. This also reduces the possibility of two local businesses operating under the same name, although some jurisdictions do not provide exclusivity for a name, or may allow more than one party to register the same name. Note, though, that this is not a substitute for filing a trademark application. A DBA filing carries no legal weight in establishing trademark rights. In

256-613: A Medical Devices and Diagnostics Division that "contributed about 20 percent" of Lilly's annual revenues. Trade name In a number of countries, the phrase " trading as " (abbreviated to t/a ) is used to designate a trade name. In the United States , the phrase " doing business as " (abbreviated to DBA , dba , d.b.a. , or d/b/a ) is used, among others, such as assumed business name or fictitious business name . In Canada , " operating as " (abbreviated to o/a ) and " trading as " are used, although " doing business as "

320-683: A U.S. criminal prosecution of any kind at the time. Lilly is a full member of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA). The company was founded by Colonel Eli Lilly , a pharmaceutical chemist and Union Army veteran of the American Civil War . Lilly served as the company president until his death in 1898. In 1869, after working for drugstores in Indiana, Lilly became

384-516: A businessperson writes a trade name on a contract, invoice, or cheque, they must also add the legal name of the business. Numbered companies will very often operate as something other than their legal name, which is unrecognizable to the public. In Chile , a trade name is known as a nombre de fantasía ('fantasy' or 'fiction' name), and the legal name of business is called a razón social (social name). In Ireland , businesses are legally required to register business names where these differ from

448-546: A commercial drug firm, particularly since they had the Connaught Laboratories ' non-commercial facilities at hand. But as limits were reached at the scale to which Connaught could produce insulin, Clowes and Eli Lilly met with the researchers in 1922 to negotiate an agreement with the University of Toronto scientists to mass-produce insulin. The collaboration greatly accelerated the large-scale production of

512-446: A complex of more than two dozen buildings, which covered 15-block area, in addition to its production plants along Kentucky Avenue. In addition to Colonel Lilly, his brother, James, and son, Josiah (J. K.), the growing company employed other Lilly family. Colonel Lilly's cousin, Evan Lilly, was hired as a bookkeeper. As young boys, Lilly's grandsons, Eli and Josiah Jr. (Joe), ran errands and performed other odd jobs. Eli and Joe joined

576-464: A concession". Also in 1923, Banting and Macleod were awarded the Nobel Prize for their research, which they subsequently shared with co-discoverers Charles Best and James Collip . Insulin, "the most important drug" in the company's history, did "more than any other" to make Lilly "one of the major pharmaceutical manufacturers in the world." Eli Lilly and Company enjoyed an effective monopoly on

640-443: A financial success. By 1982, Arden's "sales were up 90 percent from 1978, with profits doubling to nearly $ 30 million." In 1987, 16 years after acquiring it, Lilly sold Arden to Fabergé for $ 657 million. In 1977, Lilly ventured into medical instruments with the acquisition of IVAC Corporation, which manufactures vital signs and intravenous fluid infusion monitoring systems. The same year, Lilly acquired Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. ,

704-786: A flurry of drug production, including Keflex , an antibiotic, in 1971, Dobutrex , a cardiogenic shock heart drug in 1977, Ceclore , which ultimately became the world's top selling oral antibiotic, in 1979, Eldisine , a leukemia drug, Oraflex , an arthritis drug, and Darvon , an opioid drug used in pain management. In 1971, the company became a component of the S&;P 500 Index . To further diversify its product line, Lilly made an uncharacteristic, but ultimately profitable move in 1971, acquiring cosmetic manufacturer Elizabeth Arden, Inc. for $ 38 million. Although Arden continued to lose money for five years after Lilly acquired it, executive management changes at Arden helped to ultimately turn it into

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768-409: A large expansion of the company, and it reached annual sales of $ 1 million ($ 26,381,481 in 2015 chained dollars). Before and after World War I , the company experienced rapid growth, including expanded manufacturing facilities at its McCarty Street plant, which improved production capacity with a new Science Building (Building 14), opened in 1911, and a new capsule plant (Building 15) in 1913. Om 1913,

832-487: A manufacturer of heart pacemakers . In 1980, Lilly acquired Physio-Control , a pioneering company in defibrillation . Other acquisitions included Advance Cardiovascular Systems in 1984, Hybritech in 1986, Devices for Vascular Intervention, in 1989, Pacific Biotech in 1990, and Origin Medsystems and Heart Rhythm Technologies, in 1992. In the early 1990s, Lilly combined its newly acquired medical equipment companies into

896-427: A more exact dosage. Lilly manufactured capsules for its own needs and sold its excess capacity to others. In 1917, Scientific American described Lilly as "the largest capsule factory in the world" and reported that the company was "capable of producing 2.5 million capsules a day". One of Lilly's early innovations was fruit flavoring for medicines and sugar-coated pills to make their medicines easier to swallow. Over

960-563: A partner in a Paris, Illinois -based drugstore with James W. Binford. Four years later, in 1873, Lilly left the partnership with Binford, and returned to Indianapolis . In 1874, Lilly partnered with John F. Johnston, and opened a drug manufacturing operation called Johnston and Lilly. Two years later, in 1876, Lilly dissolved the partnership, and used his share of the assets to open his own pharmaceutical manufacturing business, Eli Lilly and Company, in Indianapolis. The sign outside, above

1024-626: A pharmaceutical chemist, graduated from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy in Philadelphia , and returned to Indianapolis to join the family business as a superintendent of its laboratory. In 1883, the company contracted to mix and sell Succus Alteran, its first widely successful product and one its best sellers. The product was marketed as a "blood purifier" and as a treatment for syphilis , some types of rheumatism , and skin diseases such as eczema and psoriasis . Sales from

1088-458: A registered legal name and a fictitious business name, or trade name, is important because fictitious business names do not always identify the entity that is legally responsible . Legal agreements (such as contracts ) are normally made using the registered legal name of the business. If a corporation fails to consistently adhere to such important legal formalities like using its registered legal name in contracts, it may be subject to piercing of

1152-417: A tumultuous decade economically, but the company flourished. In 1894, Lilly purchased a manufacturing plant to be used solely for creating capsules. The company also made several technological advances in the manufacturing process, including automating its capsule production. Over the next few years the company annually created tens of millions of capsules and pills. In 1898, Lilly's son, J. K. Lilly, inherited

1216-454: Is also sometimes used. A company typically uses a trade name to conduct business using a simpler name rather than using their formal and often lengthier name. Trade names are also used when a preferred name cannot be registered, often because it may already be registered or is too similar to a name that is already registered. Using one or more fictitious business names does not create additional separate legal entities. The distinction between

1280-559: Is called a razón social . Meridian Street (Indianapolis) Meridian Street is the primary north–south street in Indianapolis , Indiana . US 31 formerly ran along North Meridian Street for much of its length in the city of Indianapolis, before being re-routed to a segment of Interstate 465 . Meridian Street serves as the axis separating east addresses from west addresses, and intersects Monument Circle and Washington Street in downtown . North of downtown, Meridian continues through several prominent city neighborhoods, such as

1344-429: Is recognized as the top entry-level employer in Indianapolis. Lilly is known for its clinical depression drugs Prozac ( fluoxetine ) (1986), Cymbalta ( duloxetine ) (2004), and its antipsychotic medication Zyprexa ( olanzapine ) (1996). The company's primary revenue drivers are the diabetes drugs Humalog ( insulin lispro ) (1996) and Trulicity ( dulaglutide ) (2014). Lilly was the first company to mass-produce both

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1408-523: Is the most valuable drug company in the world with a $ 842 billion market capitalization, the highest valuation ever achieved to date by a drug company. The company is ranked 127th on the Fortune 500 with revenue of $ 34.12 billion. It is ranked 221st on the Forbes Global 2000 list of the world's largest publicly-traded companies and 252nd on Forbes ' list of "America's Best Employers". It

1472-557: The American Red Cross to process blood plasma . By the end of World War II, the company had dried over two million pints of blood, "about 20 percent of the United States' total". Merthiolate, first introduced in 1930, was an "antiseptic and germicide" that became a U.S. Army standard issue during World War II. International operations expanded even further during World War II. In 1943, Eli Lilly International Corp.

1536-592: The Indianapolis Union Station-Wholesale District . In 1919, property owners on Meridian Street from Monument Circle to the Central Canal proposed converting the street into a boulevard and putting it under the jurisdiction of the parks board to preserve its residential character. However, the increased demand for commercial property for an expanding downtown led to the proposal being defeated as property owners in

1600-502: The New York Stock Exchange . In 1953, Eugene N. Beesley was named the company's new president, the first non-family member to run the company. In 1953, following a company reorganization and transition to non-family management, Lilly continued to expand its global presence. In 1954, Lilly formed Elanco Products Company , named after its parent company, for the production of veterinary pharmaceuticals . Also in 1954,

1664-466: The United Kingdom , there is no filing requirement for a "business name", defined as "any name under which someone carries on business" that, for a company or limited liability partnership, "is not its registered name", but there are requirements for disclosure of the owner's true name and some restrictions on the use of certain names. A minority of U.S. states, including Washington , still use

1728-502: The polio vaccine , developed in 1955 by Jonas Salk , and insulin . It was one of the first pharmaceutical companies to produce human insulin using recombinant DNA , including Humulin ( insulin medication ), Humalog ( insulin lispro ), and the first approved biosimilar insulin product in the U.S., Basaglar ( insulin glargine ). Lilly brought exenatide to market—the first of the GLP-1 receptor agonists —followed by blockbuster drugs in

1792-482: The 1920s, Eli introduced the new concept of straight-line production to the pharmaceutical industry, where raw materials entered at one end of the facility and the finished product came out the other end, in the company's manufacturing process. Under Eli's supervision, the design for Building 22, a new five-floor plant that opened in Indianapolis in 1926, implemented the straight-line concept to improve production efficiency and lower production costs. One historian noted, "It

1856-519: The 1920s, the introduction of new products brought the company financial success. In 1921, three University of Toronto scientists, John Macleod , Frederick Banting , and Charles Best , were working on the development of insulin for treatment of diabetes. Clowes proposed a collaboration with the researchers in December 1921, and then again March and May 1922. The researchers were hesitant to work with

1920-595: The 1930s, the company also continued expansion overseas. In 1934, Eli Lilly and Company Limited, the company's first overseas subsidiary was established in London , and a manufacturing plant was opened in Basingstoke . In 1932, despite the economic challenges of the Great Depression , Lilly's sales rose to $ 13 million. The same year, Eli Lilly, eldest grandson of Col. Lilly who had joined the company in 1909,

1984-446: The 1950s, Lilly introduced two new antibiotics, vancomycin , a glycopeptide antibiotic , and erythromycin . In the 1950s and 1960s, as generic drugs began flooding the marketplace after the expiration of patents, Lilly diversified into other areas, including agricultural chemicals , veterinary medicine products, cosmetics , and medical instruments . In 1952, the company offered its first public shares of stock, which are traded on

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2048-674: The 1960s, Lilly operated 13 affiliate companies outside the United States. In 1962, the company acquired The Distillers Company and established a major factory in Liverpool , England. In 1968, Lilly built its first research facility outside the United States, the Lilly Research Centre , in Surrey , England. In 1969, the company opened a new plant in Clinton, Indiana . During the 1970s and 1980s, Eli Lilly and Company underwent

2112-947: The Midtown commercial district, the Old Northside , Herron-Morton , Butler–Tarkington , Meridian-Kessler , and Arden , and the towns of Meridian Hills and Williams Creek . Meridian Street also passes through several historic districts: the North Meridian Street Historic District , the Old Northside Historic District , the Shortridge–Meridian Street Apartments Historic District , the Washington Street–Monument Circle Historic District , and

2176-605: The National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, now the March of Dimes , contracted with five pharmaceutical companies, Lilly, Cutter Laboratories , Parke, Davis and Company , Pitman-Moore Company, and Wyeth Laboratories to produce Salk's polio vaccine for clinical trials . Lilly's selection to produce the vaccine was, in part, due to its previous experience in collaborations with university researchers. In 1955, Lilly manufactured 60 percent of Salk's polio vaccine. In

2240-418: The U.S., trademark rights are acquired by use in commerce, but there can be substantial benefits to filing a trademark application. Sole proprietors are the most common users of DBAs. Sole proprietors are individual business owners who run their businesses themselves. Since most people in these circumstances use a business name other than their own name, it is often necessary for them to get DBAs. Generally,

2304-405: The business as Eli Lilly and Company, elected a board of directors, and issued stock to family members and close associates. Lilly's first innovative product was gelatin -coating for pills and capsules. The company's other early innovations included fruit flavorings and sugarcoated pills, which made the medicines easier to swallow. In 1882, Colonel Lilly's only son, Josiah K. Lilly Sr. (J. K.),

2368-402: The company and became its president following Colonel Lilly's death. At the time of Colonel Lilly's death, the company had a product line of 2,005 items and annual sales of more than $ 300,000 ($ 8,547,600 in 2015 chained dollars). Colonel Lilly was a pioneer in the modern pharmaceutical industry, with many of his early innovations later becoming standard practice. His ethical reforms in a trade that

2432-455: The company began construction of Lilly Biological Laboratories , a research and manufacturing plant on 150 acres near Greenfield, Indiana . In addition to development of new medicines, the company achieved several technological advances, including automation of its production facilities. Lilly was also an innovator in pill capsule manufacturing. It was among the first manufacturers to insert medications into empty gelatin capsules, which provided

2496-546: The company in 1914 and concentrated on the company's personnel and marketing efforts. He served as company president from 1948 to 1953, then became chairman of the board, and remained in that capacity until his death in 1966. Throughout the mid-20th century, Lilly continued to expand its production facilities outside of Indianapolis. In 1950, Lilly launched Tippecanoe Laboratories in Lafayette, Indiana , and increased antibiotic production with its patent on erythromycin . In

2560-419: The company's drugs nationally. By 1879, the company had grown to $ 48,000 in sales. The company moved its Indianapolis headquarters from Pearl Street to larger quarters at 36 South Meridian Street . In 1881, the company moved to its current headquarters in Indianapolis's south-side industrial area, and the company later purchased additional facilities for research and production. The same year, Lilly incorporated

2624-484: The corporate veil . In English , trade names are generally treated as proper nouns . In Argentina , a trade name is known as a nombre de fantasía ('fantasy' or 'fiction' name), and the legal name of business is called a razón social (social name). In Brazil , a trade name is known as a nome fantasia ('fantasy' or 'fiction' name), and the legal name of business is called razão social (social name). In some Canadian jurisdictions , such as Ontario , when

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2688-534: The county or city to be registered with the State Corporation Commission. DBA statements are often used in conjunction with a franchise . The franchisee will have a legal name under which it may sue and be sued, but will conduct business under the franchiser's brand name (which the public would recognize). A typical real-world example can be found in a well-known pricing mistake case, Donovan v. RRL Corp. , 26 Cal. 4th 261 (2001), where

2752-467: The extract. In 1923, the company began selling Iletin, the company's tradename for the first commercially available insulin product in the U.S for the treatment of diabetes. Numerous objections were registered by the Insulin Committee of the University of Toronto in regard to Lilly's use of the term "Iletin", although production continued under this name and the objection was later dropped "as

2816-400: The family business after college. Eventually, each grandson served as company president and chairman of the board. Under J. K.'s leadership, the company introduced scientific management concepts, organized the company's research department, increased its sales force, and began international distribution of its products. For the rest of the late 19th century, Lilly operated in Indianapolis and

2880-469: The firm opened two new facilities on the McCarty Street complex: a replica of Lilly's 1876 laboratory and the new Lilly Research Laboratories, "one of the most fully equipped facilities in the world." During World War II , the company expanded production to a new high, manufacturing merthiolate , an organomercury compound, and penicillin , a beta-lactam antibiotic . Lilly also cooperated with

2944-402: The law is to protect the public from fraud, by compelling the business owner to first file or register his fictitious business name with the county clerk, and then making a further public record of it by publishing it in a newspaper. Several other states, such as Illinois , require print notices as well. In Uruguay , a trade name is known as a nombre fantasía , and the legal name of business

3008-461: The named defendant, RRL Corporation, was a Lexus car dealership doing business as " Lexus of Westminster ", but remaining a separate legal entity from Lexus, a division of Toyota Motor Sales, USA, Inc. . In California , filing a DBA statement also requires that a notice of the fictitious name be published in local newspapers for some set period of time to inform the public of the owner's intent to operate under an assumed name . The intention of

3072-510: The next few years, the company began to create tens of millions of capsules and pills annually. Other advances improved plant efficiency and eliminated production errors. In 1909, Eli Lilly , grandson of the company's founder, introduced a method for blueprinting manufacturing tickets, which created multiples copies of a drug formula and helped eliminate manufacturing and transcription errors. In 1919, Josiah hired biochemist George Henry Alexander Clowes as director of biochemical research. In

3136-426: The product provided funds for Lilly to expand its manufacturing and research facilities. By the late 1880s, Colonel Lilly was one of the Indianapolis area's leading businessmen, whose company had over 100 employees and $ 200,000 ($ 5,276,296 in 2015 chained dollars) in annual sales. In 1890, Colonel Lilly fully turned over the day-to-day management of the business to J. K., who ran the company for 34 years. The 1890s were

3200-492: The sale of insulin in the U.S. for almost two years, until the first of the new American licensees, Frederick Stearns & Co., entered the market in June 1924. The success of insulin enabled the company to attract scientists and, with them, make more medical advances. By the company's 50th anniversary in 1926, its sales had reached $ 9 million and it was producing over 2,800 products. In 1928, Lilly introduced Liver Extract 343 for

3264-428: The same class such as Mounjaro and Zepbound ( tirzepatide ). As of 1997, it was both the largest corporation and the largest charitable benefactor in Indiana. In 2009, Lilly pleaded guilty for illegally marketing Zyprexa and agreed to pay a $ 1.415 billion penalty that included a criminal fine of $ 515 million, the largest ever in a healthcare case and the largest criminal fine for an individual corporation ever imposed in

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3328-447: The same way that Washington Street honored George Washington . North of 40th Street to 57th Street, Meridian Street is considered to be among the most prestigious residential streets in Indiana. Some of the most impressive residential architecture in the United States can be found here, in a variety of architectural styles. The current Governor's Mansion can be found here, as well as the house that served as Governor's Mansion prior to

3392-424: The shop's door, read: "Eli Lilly, Chemist." Lilly began his manufacturing venture with three employees, including his son, Josiah (J. K.). One of the first medicines that Lilly produced was quinine , a drug used to treat malaria , a mosquito-borne disease . By the end of 1876, sales reached $ 4,470. In 1878, Lilly hired his brother, James, as his first full-time salesman, and the subsequent sales team marketed

3456-453: The southern portion of the proposed boulevard sold their property to business interests. Nevertheless, in the early 1920s the portion of the street from Fall Creek to the canal was transferred to the parks board and a 25-foot (7.6 m) setback for new construction was imposed. In conjunction with the original proposal, an unsuccessful attempt was made to change the name of the street to Lincoln Boulevard in order to honor Abraham Lincoln in

3520-459: The surname(s) of the sole trader or partners, or the legal name of a company. The Companies Registration Office publishes a searchable register of such business names. In Japan , the word yagō ( 屋号 ) is used. In Colonial Nigeria , certain tribes had members that used a variety of trading names to conduct business with the Europeans. Two examples were King Perekule VII of Bonny , who

3584-463: The surrounding area as many other pharmaceutical businesses did, manufacturing and selling "sugar-coated pills, fluid extracts, elixirs, and syrups". The company used plants for its raw materials and produced its products by hand. One historian noted, "Although the Indianapolis firm was more careful in making and promoting drugs than the patent medicine men of the era, the company remained ambivalent about scientific research." In 1905, J. K. Lilly oversaw

3648-469: The term trade name to refer to "doing business as" (DBA) names. In most U.S. states now, however, DBAs are officially referred to using other terms. Almost half of the states, including New York and Oregon , use the terms assumed business name or assumed name ; nearly as many, including Pennsylvania , use the term fictitious name . For consumer protection purposes, many U.S. jurisdictions require businesses operating with fictitious names to file

3712-477: The treatment of pernicious anemia , a blood disorder, in a joint venture with two Harvard University scientists, George Minot and William P. Murphy . In 1930, Lilly introduced Liver Extract No. 55 in collaboration with George Whipple , a University of Rochester scientist. Four years later, in 1934, Minot, Murphy, and Whipple were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their research. In

3776-567: Was completed in mid-1947, the Kentucky Avenue location manufactured antibiotics and capsules and housed the company's shipping department. By 1948, Lilly employed nearly 7,000 people. In 1948, Eli Lilly, who served as the company's president since 1932, retired from active management, became chairman of the board, and relinquished the presidency to his brother, Josiah K. Lilly Jr. (Joe). During Eli's 16-year presidency, sales rose from $ 13 million in 1932 to $ 117 million in 1948. Joe joined

3840-510: Was formed as a subsidiary to encourage business trade abroad. By 1948, Lilly employees worked in 35 countries, most of them as sales representatives in Latin America , Asia , and Africa . In 1945, Lilly began a major expansion effort that included two manufacturing operations in Indianapolis. The company purchased the massive Curtiss-Wright propeller plant on Kentucky Avenue, west of the company's McCarty Street operation. When renovation

3904-553: Was known as Captain Pepple in trade matters, and King Jubo Jubogha of Opobo , who bore the pseudonym Captain Jaja . Both Pepple and Jaja would bequeath their trade names to their royal descendants as official surnames upon their deaths. In Singapore , there is no filing requirement for a "trading as" name, but there are requirements for disclosure of the underlying business or company's registered name and unique entity number. In

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3968-553: Was marked by outlandish claims of miracle medicines began a period of rapid advancement in the development of medicinal drugs. J. K. Lilly continued to advocate for federal regulation on medicines. As the Lilly company grew, other businesses set up operations near the plant on Indianapolis's near south side. The area developed into one of the city's major business and industrial hubs. Lilly's production, manufacturing, research, and administrative operations in Indianapolis eventually occupied

4032-478: Was named as the company's president, succeeding his father, who remained as chairman of the board until 1948. In his early years at the company, Eli was especially interested in improving production efficiency and introduced a number of labor-saving devices. He also introduced scientific management principles, implemented cost-savings measures that modernized the company, and expanded the company's research efforts and collaborations with university researchers. In 1934,

4096-464: Was probably the most sophisticated production system in the American pharmaceutical industry." This more efficient manufacturing process also allowed the company to hire a regular workforce. Instead of recalling workers at peak times and laying them off when production demand fell, Lilly's regular workforce produced less-costly medicines in off-peak times using the same manufacturing facilities. During

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