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15-537: The Lisbon station also known as Lisbon Station and Coast of Spain was a formation of the British Navy operating off the coast of Portugal from 1779 to 1782 before being disbanded and then again from 1783 until 1841. The Lisbon station can be traced to the mobile squadron of the Royal Navy operating mainly off the coast of Portugal but also Spain during the late 18th century and 19th century. The squadron

30-579: A Franco-Spanish fleet faced the British Royal Navy at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. In modern times, NATO has formed standing combined fleets and operations from several national navies such as Operation Active Endeavour . Modern fleets combine surface warships , submarines , support ships, and ship-based aircraft to conduct naval operations at sea. Generally understood to be the blue water , or oceanic, green water or littoral versus

45-519: A number of Dutch ships were seized. The Dutch colony however was not taken. Because of this, the squadron was disbanded in 1782 when Commodore Johnstone sought election as an MP. The Station was re-established in 1795 under the command of Vice-Admiral Sir George Vandeput to undertake convoy duties between England the Mediterranean and Lisbon. Vandeput carried out this duty for about a year. He died in 1800. In 1808 Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Cotton

60-532: A subordinate captain. Like a fleet , a squadron is usually, but not necessarily, a permanent formation. There are several types of squadron: In modern navies, squadrons have tended to become administrative units. Most navies began to abandon the squadron as a tactical formation during the Second World War . The need to provide capital ships with the anti-submarine protection of a destroyer screen and air cover from an aircraft carrier led to

75-475: Is often also a commander in chief . Still, many fleets have been or are commanded by vice admirals or rear admirals . Most fleets are divided into several squadrons , each under a subordinate admiral. Those squadrons, in turn, are often divided into divisions. In the Age of Sail , fleets were divided into van, center, and rear squadrons, named after each squadron's place in the line of battle . In more modern times,

90-400: The brown water or coastal/riverine forces. The fleets of larger navies are usually divided into smaller numbered or named fleets based on geographic operating areas or administrative groupings of the same type of ships. Modern fleets are usually administrative units. Individual task forces are formed to conduct specific operations. In fictional literary works and/or media, most notably in

105-406: The increasing use of the carrier battle group , or ad hoc task forces , composed of whichever ships were available for a particular operation. As warships have grown larger, the term squadron has gradually replaced the term flotilla for formations of destroyers , frigates and submarines in many navies. Naval fleet A fleet or naval fleet is a large formation of warships –

120-509: The largest formation in any navy – controlled by one leader. A fleet at sea is the direct equivalent of an army on land. In the modern sense, fleets are usually, but not necessarily, permanent formations and are generally assigned to a particular ocean or sea . Most fleets are named after that ocean or sea, but the convention in the United States Navy is to use numbers. A fleet is typically commanded by an admiral , who

135-580: The period known as the Liberal Wars , fought between progressive constitutionalists and authoritarian absolutists in Portugal over royal succession. The station ceased to be a command in 1841. Station not active 1783-1794 Squadron (naval) Before 1864 the entire fleet of the Royal Navy was divided into three squadrons, the red, the white, and the blue . Each Royal Navy squadron alone

150-459: The squadrons are typically composed of homogeneous groups of the same class of warship , such as battleships or cruisers . Since many smaller navies contain a single fleet, the term the fleet is often synonymous with the navy . Multinational fleets are not uncommon in naval history. For example, several nations made up the Holy League fleet at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571, and

165-449: The term squadron has always been used for formations of destroyers and submarines. A fleet is usually commanded by a flag officer such as a vice admiral or a rear admiral , but squadrons are sometimes commanded by commodores or simply the most senior captain (often one and the same), depending on the importance of the command. A large squadron will sometimes be divided into two or more divisions, each of which might be commanded by

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180-573: Was charged with preparation of Lisbon harbor for the planned invasion of the Iberian Peninsula later in the year. The fleet was also involved with the evacuation of Sir John Moore's army stuck in Galicia following the Battle of Corunna . In 1810, Admiral Cotton was relieved of command by Admiral Sir George Cranfield Berkeley when it was next involved in improving coastal defences until 1812, when Admiral Berkeley retired his command. He

195-768: Was involved in a number of engagements during the Anglo-Spanish War including the action of 11 November 1779 . It was particularity known for its involvement in the Battle of Porto Praya in April 1781 as part of the Anglo-French War of 1778–1783 . Later that same year, the squadron was ordered to capture the Dutch Cape Colony on the Cape of Good Hope . This led to the Battle of Saldanha Bay in which

210-399: Was more powerful than most national navies. Today, a squadron might number three to ten vessels, which might be major warships , transport ships , submarines , or small craft in a larger task force or a fleet . A squadron may be composed of one type of ship of various types tasked with a specific mission such as coastal defense , blockade , or minesweeping . In the United States Navy ,

225-495: Was then replaced by Vice-Admiral Sir George Martin who commanded the station until 1814. He was followed by Rear-Admiral Sir George H. Parker from 1815 until 1834. In early 1837, the station was under the temporary command of Rear-Admiral John Ommanney , until he was relieved as commander in chief by Vice-Admiral Sir William Hall Gage . Gage was ordered, by the Admiralty , to undertake protection duties of Queen Maria II during

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