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21-398: The prefecture level city of Luohe directly administers 3 districts and 2 counties , which themselves administer 7 subdistricts , 49 towns and townships , 1,262 villages , and 78 residential communities . Luohe spans parts of central and southern Henan Province , spanning from 113°27′E to 114°16′E in terms of longitude , and from 33°24′N to 33°59′N in terms of latitude . The city

42-528: A sum ( ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ), sometimes called a sumu ( Chinese : 苏木 ; pinyin : sūmù ), is an administrative division . The sum division is equivalent to a township but is unique to Inner Mongolia. It is therefore larger than a gaqa ( ᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠ гацаа ) and smaller than a banner (the Inner Mongolia equivalent of the county -level division). Examples include Shiwei, Inner Mongolia and Honggor Sum, Siziwang Banner . Sums whose population

63-482: A less detailed map, Xianning would be indicated by a point, more or less corresponding to the coordinates of its city government. Other populous areas may also be exhibited as points, such as the county of Tongshan , with no indication that Tongshan is, in fact, enclosed by Xianning. On a more detailed map, Xianning would be drawn as an area, similar to a county of the United States, and Tongshan would be drawn as

84-435: A prefectural level city from its actual urban area (city in the strict sense), the term shìqū (市区; "urban area"), is used. The first prefectural level cities were created on 5 November 1983. Over the following two decades, prefectural level cities have come to replace the vast majority of Chinese prefectures; the process is still ongoing. Most provinces are composed entirely or nearly entirely of prefectural level cities. Of

105-475: A smaller area within Xianning. This convention may lead to difficulty in the identification of places mentioned in older sources. For example, Guo Moruo writes that he was born in the town of Shawan, within the prefecture of Leshan, and attended primary school in the town of Jiading. A modern map is unlikely to show either town: Shawan, because it is too small, and Jiading, because it is the seat of Leshan, and

126-578: Is a county-level city with powers approaching those of prefectural level cities. There are a total of three classifications of prefecture-level cities: In Europe and North America, cities are generally represented as points, while counties are represented as areas. Thus, Bloomington, Indiana , is indicated on the map by a point, which is distinct from, and enclosed by, the area of Monroe County, Indiana . In China, however, large cities such as Xianning may, in reality, contain both urban and rural elements. Moreover, they may enclose counties or other cities. On

147-737: Is an administrative division used in China , Mongolia , and Russia . Countries such as China and Mongolia have employed the sum as administrative division, which was used during the Qing dynasty . This system was acted in the 1980s after the Chinese Communist Party gained power in conjunction with their growing internal and external problems. The decentralisation of government included restructuring of organisational methods, reduction of roles in rural government and creation of sums. A sum ( Mongolian : сум , ᠰᠤᠮᠤ , [sʰo̙m] )

168-593: Is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. During the Republican era, many of China's prefectural cities were designated as counties as the country's second level division below a province. From 1949 to 1983, the official term was a province-administrated city (Chinese: 省辖市). Prefectural level cities form

189-467: Is famous for its ham production industry. WH Group , the world's largest pork producer in the world, and owner of Smithfield Foods , has its Chinese headquarters in Luohe. Much of Luohe's natural resources come from the rivers of the city. The city's rivers are bountiful with rock salt of a high enough grade to be used in food preparation. The rivers of the city also have a particular type of sand which

210-722: Is located near the Funiu Mountains and the Huaibei Plains , and the city's 81 different rivers are all a part of the Huai River system. Consistent with the broader trends of China's economic expansion, Luohe city has reported consistent GDP growth throughout the 2010s. Luohe is also famous for being home to Nanjie Village , which has gained fame due to its Maoist-styled collective-ownership . The city's main agricultural products include wheat, corn, cotton, peanut oil, vegetables, mushrooms, melons, and fruit. The city

231-434: Is simultaneously a city, which is a municipal entry with subordinate districts, and a prefecture with subordinate county-level cities and counties which is an administrative division of a province. A prefectural level city is often not a "city" in the usual sense of the term (i.e., a large continuous urban settlement), but instead an administrative unit comprising, typically, a main central urban area (the core city, city as in

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252-468: Is suitable for being used in building materials . A commercial center since ancient times, Luohe presently is home to many light industries such as food preparation, textile production, plastic production, and shoe production. Heavy industries, such as cement production, are also present. The city's tertiary industry has grown in recent years faster than overall economy. As of 2018, the city's tertiary industry had an output of 38.44 billion Yuan, 31.1% of

273-747: Is the second level administrative division below the aimags (provinces), roughly comparable to a county in the United States . There are 331 sums in Mongolia. Each sum is again divided into bags , bag being commonly translated as "brigade." In Russia , a sumon is an administrative division of the Tuva Republic , and somon is that of the Buryat Republic . Both describe the Russian term selsoviet . In Inner Mongolia ,

294-474: Is therefore indicated on the map by a point labelled "Leshan." A more detailed map would show Shawan as a district within Leshan, but Jiading would still be missing. Statistics of China such as population and industrial activity are generally reported along prefectural city lines. Thus, the relatively unknown city of Huangshi has 2.5 million residents, more than most European capitals, but upon closer inspection,

315-512: The Republic of China as their special municipalities . Criteria that a prefecture must meet to become a prefectural level city: Fifteen large prefectural level cities have been granted the status of sub-provincial city , which gives them much greater autonomy. Shijiazhuang , Suzhou , and Zhengzhou are the largest prefectural level cities with populations approaching or exceeding some sub-provincial cities. A sub-prefecture-level city

336-525: The 22 provinces and five autonomous regions of the PRC, only nine provinces ( Yunnan , Guizhou , Qinghai , Heilongjiang , Sichuan , Gansu , Jilin , Hubei , and Hunan ) and three autonomous regions ( Xinjiang , Tibet , and Inner Mongolia ) have at least one or more second level or prefectural level divisions that are not prefectural level cities. In the case of the disputed Taiwan , it has six prefectural level cities, but these are governed separately by

357-467: The city covers an area almost 100 kilometers across. Furthermore, Huangshi contains several other cities, such as Daye . If a person wished to calculate the population of the urban area of Huangshi, and had a map of Huangshi, and a table of its population by district, the task might not be easy. The urban area might be split between several districts, and some of those districts may include rural elements as well. Sum (administrative division) A sum

378-1558: The city's total. In 2018, Luohe City's secondary vocational education enrolled 9,200 students (excluding technical schools), with 27,800 students and 8,100 graduates. Regular high schools have 15,900 students, 47,400 students and 15,500 graduates. There are 35,100 students enrolled in junior high schools, 98,900 students and 30,500 graduates. Primary school enrollment was 35,500, with 205,700 students and 34,800 graduates. There are 98,100 children in kindergartens. Prefecture level city Provinces Autonomous regions Sub-provincial autonomous prefectures Autonomous prefectures Leagues (Aimag) (abolishing) Prefectures Provincial-controlled cities Provincial-controlled counties Autonomous counties County-level cities Districts Ethnic districts Banners (Hoxu) Autonomous banners Shennongjia Forestry District Liuzhi Special District Wolong Special Administrative Region Workers and peasants districts Ethnic townships Towns Subdistricts Subdistrict bureaux Sum Ethnic sum County-controlled districts County-controlled district bureaux (obsolete) Management committees Town-level city Areas Villages · Gaqa · Ranches Village Committees Communities Capital cities New areas Autonomous administrative divisions National Central Cities History: before 1912 , 1912–49 , 1949–present A prefecture-level city ( Chinese : 地级市(地級市) ; pinyin : Dìjíshì ) or prefectural city

399-512: The core urban area, and towns also form small urban areas scattered in the rural. The larger prefectural level cities span over 100 kilometres (62 mi). Prefectural level cities nearly always contain multiple counties , county level cities , and other such sub-divisions. This results from the fact that the formerly predominant prefectures, which prefectural level cities have mostly replaced, were themselves large administrative units containing cities, smaller towns, and rural areas. To distinguish

420-575: The second level of the administrative structure (alongside prefectures , leagues and autonomous prefectures ). Administrative chiefs (mayors) of prefectural level cities generally have the same rank as a division chief (Chinese: 司长 ) of a national ministry. Since the 1980s, most former prefectures have been renamed into prefecture-level cities. A prefectural level city is a "city" (Chinese: 市 ; pinyin: shì ) and "prefecture" (Chinese: 地区 ; pinyin: dìqū ) that have been merged into one consolidated and unified jurisdiction. As such it

441-407: The usual sense, usually with the same name as the prefectural level city) surrounded by rural areas, which together are divided into districts, and some surrounding counties or county-level cities governed by the prefecture-level city on behalf of the province, which all have their own urban areas surrounded by their own rural areas. The urban areas of the surrounding counties are usually smaller than

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