Fuel consumption: 4 (offroad) miles per gallon - 8 (road) miles per gallon
143-610: The M1151 Enhanced Armament Carrier is an improved version of the standard Humvee (HMMWV) designed to replace the M1025A2 used by the United States Armed Forces as a response to United States Central Command requirements. AM General of South Bend, Ind., was awarded a $ 59,963,442 contract for 814 M1152s and 31 M1151s and a $ 19,617,847 contract to buy and install armor kits for the M1151. The M1151 HMMWV has
286-457: A 160 in (4.06 m) wheelbase. After a modest production of 516 units of the WF-31, at least 9,500 Dodge WF-32 trucks were built, mostly for lend-lease to Russia. The 1940 VC-series Dodge 1 ⁄ 2 -ton 4x4s were well liked but considered only an interim solution, because they were essentially a modified civilian truck. At the outset of World War II a more military design
429-438: A central tire inflation system (CTIS) kit in the field. While it is optimized for off-road mobility, it can achieve 55 mph (89 km/h) at maximum weight with a top speed of 70 mph (110 km/h). HMMWVs are well suited for airmobile operations as they are transportable by C-130 or larger combat transports, droppable by parachute, and can be sling-loaded from helicopters, though there are smaller vehicles such as
572-631: A "swarm" of several vehicles. Although the Army plans to buy 49,100 JLTVs and the Marine Corps 5,500, they are not a one-for-one replacement for the Humvee, and both services will still be left operating large fleets. For the Marines, 69 JLTVs will replace the 74 Humvees in all active infantry battalions to cover its expeditionary forces. The Marine JLTV order is planned to be completed by 2022, leaving
715-611: A 143 in (363 cm) wheelbase, and the 1938 RF-40 and 1939 TF-40 four-wheel drives were the first for which Dodge moved to separate engineering codes, in the T-200 range (T-200 and T-201 respectively). However, Dodge also eagerly pursued military contracts for half-ton four-by-fours at the same time. The smaller size had outperformed the 1 1 ⁄ 2 -ton 4x4 during testing in 1938, and Dodge had invested greatly in half- to one-ton trucks in prior years. In 1936, Dodge's light, car-based trucks had been crucially redesigned — abandoning
858-440: A 4x4 half-ton in 1939, and began production in earnest in 1940 — both 4x4 half-tons, as well as 1 1 ⁄ 2 -ton 4x4 and 4x2 trucks. On all 1940 trucks, front sheetmetal was mostly identical to the commercial VC and VF models of that year, with the addition of a big brush guard mounted in front of the grille and headlights. Except for the addition of 4-wheel drive, and custom bodies on the 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton command cars,
1001-612: A Humvee replacement. Various prototype vehicles such as the MillenWorks Light Utility Vehicle , and the ULTRA AP have been constructed as part of these efforts. The JLTV contract was awarded to Oshkosh in August 2015. The U.S. Marine Corps issued a request for proposals in 2013 for its Humvee sustainment modification initiative to upgrade 6,700 expanded capacity vehicles (ECVs). The Marines plan to field
1144-500: A Pentagon report noted the vehicle's "very low" reliability, averaging 370 miles between failures. In August 1989, AM General was awarded a $ 1 billion contract from the Army to produce 33,000 HMMWVs. HMMWVs first saw combat in Operation Just Cause , the U.S. invasion of Panama in 1989. The HMMWV was designed primarily for personnel and light cargo transport behind front lines, not as a frontline fighting vehicle. Like
1287-465: A cargo aircraft or shipboard below deck. Although heavier than the Humvee, the SCTV is half the weight and costs $ 150,000 less than a comparably survivable MRAP. The basic version is a four-passenger armament carrier, but it can be configured as a nine-passenger troop carrier, air-defense vehicle, flatbed cargo truck, or field ambulance depending on the type of Humvee it is converted from. Work began on
1430-538: A common platform in such a variety of designs, with payloads ranging from 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton to 1 1 ⁄ 2 ‑tons, had no equal in its time, and is seen as an extraordinary feat of the WWII American auto industry. The name of this article would at first suggest a focus on models that are indeed called Dodge WC-numbers, either 4x4 or 6x6. However, the U.S. Army Ordnance Corps' central Standard Nomenclature List (SNL) Supply Catalog , covering
1573-538: A comparable MRAP. By 2015, Colombia had installed the SCTV into three Humvees for testing, and Ukraine had shown interest in upgrading their old-model Humvees recently supplied by the U.S. Ukraine ordered three SCTVs in February 2016. In December 2014, the Department of Defense began auctioning off some 4,000 used Humvees to the public. While some have been transferred to domestic law enforcement agencies, this
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#17327754537601716-468: A completely redesigned line of pickups and trucks – the art-deco styled, Dodge T-, V-, and W-Series "Job-Rated" trucks, available in an unprecedented number of sizes, payload rates and configurations, aiming the trucks to fit every different job. Well before the onset of World War II, it was clear that the USA needed to update its military. The Quartermaster Corps (Q.C.), responsible at the time for providing
1859-658: A dozen of these were built for testing under the High Mobility Combat Vehicle , or HMCV program, initially much more as an enhanced capability successor to the M151 jeep, than as a general-purpose vehicle. The HMMWV program had its origins in the Combat Support Vehicle (CSV) program. The XM966 CSV was a proposed platform for the TOW missile launcher. Congress ended the program in 1977 due to
2002-408: A dual-ratio transfer-case. The low ratio on the 6x6, T‑223 transfer case gave a 1.5 : 1 reduction instead of the direct drive (1 : 1) high gear. The first batch of 1940, small half-ton (G‑505) Dodge VC models, (Dodge code T‑202) received a 201 cu in (3.3 L), 79 horsepower engine, well above their initial commercial rating of 70 hp on
2145-661: A heavier chassis and improved engine to handle add-on armor. It is built on an Expanded Capacity Vehicle chassis, which allows for more passengers or additional supplies (up to 2,300 lbs). Its two- or four-seat variant is the M1152 Enhanced Troop/Cargo/Shelter Carrier, designed to replace the M1097A2 Heavy HMMWV and M1113 Expanded Capacity Vehicle. [REDACTED] Media related to M1151 Enhanced Armament Carriers at Wikimedia Commons This military vehicle article
2288-564: A mechanical assist device to open and close. Another drawback of the up-armored HMMWVs occurs during an accident or attack, when the heavily armored doors tend to jam shut, trapping the troops inside. As a result, the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center developed the Humvee Crew Extraction D-ring in 2006. The D-ring hooks on the door of the HMMWV so that another vehicle can rip
2431-434: A militarized commercial 1 1 ⁄ 2 -ton, rear-wheel drive truck in 1940 — initially Dodge's model VF-31, cargo (engineering code T-98) under the government SNL number G-618 . The 4x2 model VF-31 was succeeded by the model WF-31 (internally T-118) for 1941 (closed cab tractor) and 1942 (cab and chassis) — both on a 135 in (3.43 m) wheelbase — and the 1942 model WF-32, closed cab, stake and platform cargo truck, on
2574-676: A mine blast below the truck, such as buried IEDs and land mines . Explosively formed penetrators (EFPs) can also defeat the armor kits, causing casualties. The armor kits fielded include the Armor Survivability Kit (ASK), FRAG 5 , FRAG 6 , as well as upgrade kits to the M1151 . The ASK was the first fielded in October 2003, adding about 1,000 pounds (450 kg) to the weight of the vehicle. Armor Holdings fielded an even lighter kit, adding only 750 pounds (340 kg) to
2717-535: A new internal technical code: T-202. Manufacturing of the half-ton Dodge VC-models (SNL number G-505 ) began in 1940, making these the U.S. Army's first ever light-duty, mass-produced 4-wheel drive trucks. The soldiers also called the light command reconnaissance vehicles "jeeps," but this was also common with several other vehicles at the time. — before that term migrated to the quarter-tons, starting gradually in 1941. A total of 4,640 VC models were built across six variants – mostly pick-ups and reconnaissance cars. On
2860-605: A quarter million units built through August 1945, the G-502 3 ⁄ 4 ‑tons were the most common variants in the WC‑;series. After the war, Dodge developed the 3 ⁄ 4 -ton WC‑series into the civilian 4×4 Dodge Power Wagon ; and in 1951, the WCs were replaced by the very similar 3 ⁄ 4 ‑ton 4x4 Dodge M-series vehicles . Though the majority of Dodges built were 'Weapons Carriers', "WC"
3003-457: A range of prices that can be provided individually or as complete packages. Their approach is centered around the TAK-4 independent suspension system, which delivers greater offroad profile capability, improved ride quality, an increase in maximum speed, greater whole-vehicle durability, and restored payload capacity and ground clearance. Northrop Grumman developed a new chassis and powertrain for
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#17327754537603146-443: A redesigned WC‑series of 4x4 trucks, uprated to 3 ⁄ 4 ‑ton off-road capacity, and their SNL code changed to G-502 . The 3 ⁄ 4 ‑ton featured a lower profile truck bed that could seat eight troops, plus under seat stowage compartments; while service-parts remained 80 percent interchangeable with the existing 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton series. Maintaining 80% service parts interchangeability with
3289-520: A remotely operated CROWS weapon station, which slaves the machine gun to controls in the back seat so it can be fired without exposing the crew. The Boomerang anti- sniper system was also fielded by some HMMWVs in Iraq to immediately give troops the location of insurgents firing on them. Another weakness for the HMMWV has proven to be its size, which limited its deployment in Afghanistan because it
3432-415: A series of half-ton trucks, while GM / Chevrolet was instead going to become the standard supplier for 1 1 ⁄ 2 -ton trucks. Dodge successfully outbid GMC's 1939 ACK-101 half-ton truck, as well as Marmon-Herrington, who could not retrofit in the required volume or price, not to mention International's M-1-4 half-ton truck, which wasn't built until 1941, for the U.S. Marine Corps . So, when in
3575-556: A strengthened suspension system. More importantly, it boasts a fully armored passenger area protected by hardened steel and bullet-resistant glass . With the increase in direct attacks and asymmetric warfare in Iraq , AM General diverted the majority of its manufacturing power to producing these vehicles. Humvees were sent into Afghanistan following the September 11 attacks , where they proved invaluable during initial operations. In
3718-429: A vertical windshield. It has all-wheel drive with an independent suspension and helical gear-reduction hubs similar to portal axles which attach towards the top rather than the center of each wheel to allow the drivetrain shafts to be raised for 16 in (410 mm) ground clearance. The body is mounted on a narrow steel frame with boxed rails and five cross members for rigidity. The rails act as sliders to protect
3861-456: A very small niche-market, only filled by after-market conversions, primarily by Marmon-Herrington . By June 1940 the Q.C. had tested and approved its first three standard commercial based, all-wheel drive trucks: the 1 1 ⁄ 2 -ton 4x4 Dodge , the GMC 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 -ton 6x6 and a Mack 6-ton 6x6 . With regards to Dodge however, the U.S. military reconsidered its preferences for
4004-591: A winch — on the WC‑series the winch equipped versions were actually built on a different, longer frame. On the 1 1 ⁄ 2 -ton rated VF-400 series trucks, the PTO-driven winch had a 10,000 pound capacity, but added almost 1,000 pounds to the vehicles weight, reducing the payload to 2400 pounds. Numbers separated by a comma indicate similar models but with different secondary details. All engines were liquid-cooled, gasoline, straight-six Chrysler flathead engines . Recommended fuel octane rating for
4147-403: A winch, and the second code, in bold print, to the same vehicle, on a longer frame, holding a front winch , typically resulting in a 10 in (25 cm) longer front overhang, and distinctly reduced approach angle. Not only were the winches driven by a power take-off from the engine, but unlike the later Dodge M-series trucks, on which an extension was bolted to the frame when mounting
4290-423: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This United States military article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Humvee The High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle ( HMMWV ; colloquial : Humvee ) is a family of light , four-wheel drive military trucks and utility vehicles produced by AM General . It has largely supplanted the roles previously performed by
4433-502: Is a prolific range of light 4WD and medium 6WD military utility trucks , produced by Chrysler under the Dodge and Fargo marques during World War II . Together with the 1 ⁄ 4 -ton jeeps produced by Willys and Ford , the Dodge 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton G-505 and 3 ⁄ 4 ‑ton G-502 trucks made up nearly all of the light 4WD trucks supplied to
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4576-570: Is capable of fording 2.5 ft (76 cm) normally, or 5 ft (1.5 m) with the deep-water fording kits installed. Optional equipment includes a winch (maximum load capacity 6,000 lb (2,700 kg) and supplemental armor. The M1025/M1026 and M1043/M1044 armament carriers provide mounting and firing capabilities for the M134 Minigun , the Mk 19 grenade launcher , the M2 heavy machine gun ,
4719-568: Is extremely vulnerable. In response, many HMMWVs have been fitted with basic gun shields or turrets , as was the case with M113 APCs after they were first deployed in Vietnam. The U.S. military is currently evaluating a new form of protection, developed by BAE Systems as well as systems designed by the Army, which are already in theater. The new gunner's seat is protected by 1.5 to 2 feet (46 to 61 cm) high steel plates with bulletproof glass windows. Additionally, some HMMWVs have been fitted with
4862-436: Is increased from 27 to 40 US gal (100 to 150 L; 22 to 33 imp gal) and the battery and fuel cells are moved from under the rear seat to the rear of the vehicle. Also included are a powerful air conditioner and heating system, run-flat tires , a thermal guard liner under the roof, sharp edges removed from inside the cabin, blast attenuating seats, and a folding gunner's turret allowing rapid deployment from
5005-552: Is replaced by JLTVs, the entire planned order will not be complete until 2040. If upgrades are chosen for the remaining Humvees, the cost would likely have to not exceed $ 100,000 per vehicle. The Humvee is expected to remain in U.S. military service until at least 2050. Ambulance variants of the Humvee will especially remain in active use, as the JLTV could not be modified to serve as one due to weight issues. The Humvee seats four people with an available fully enclosed aluminum cabin with
5148-401: Is the first time the military vehicles have been made available for civilian ownership. The idea is to sell them with starting bids at $ 10,000 each, rather than simply scrapping them as a way to save money and repurpose them. M998, M998A1, M1038, and M1038A1 model Humvees are available, which are out of U.S. service and lack armor. AM General has been opposed to the resale of military Humvees to
5291-485: Is too wide for the smallest roads and too large for many forms of air transport compared to jeeps or Land Rover-sized vehicles (which are, respectively, 24 and 15 inches narrower). This size also limits the ability of the vehicle to be manhandled out of situations. The Army purchased a purpose-built armored car, the M1117 armored security vehicle , also known as an armored personnel carrier (APC), in limited numbers for use by
5434-678: The 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton 4x4 Dodge trucks were built — initially called the VC series, but the great majority, from 1941, in the WC series, and in more variants. Contrary to what Dodge's nomenclature suggested, the 1941 WC models were a direct evolution of the 1940 VC models, retaining the U.S. Army's G-505 Ordnance Corps Supply Catalog number . For 1942, the trucks bodies and chassis were largely redesigned – heavier frames and drivetrains uprated them to carry 3 ⁄ 4 ‑tons off-road. And widening their tracks, while greatly shortening
5577-428: The 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton models was of great value to both the field mechanics, and spare parts supply chain logistics. It also meant that production of the 3 ⁄ 4 ‑ton models could start very quickly, and they could be quickly deployed. The 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton, G-505 WC‑trucks remained in various uses to the end of World War II – from 1943 as "limited standard" vehicles. Throughout
5720-565: The 3 ⁄ 4 ‑tons improvements meant substantial design changes, they did retain some 80% interchangeable components and service parts with the 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton models — a vital Army requirement, for field maintenance and operability of the trucks. Dodge was the U.S. Army 's main supplier of 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton trucks, and its sole supplier of both 3 ⁄ 4 ‑ton trucks and 1 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton 6x6 trucks in World War ;II. With over
5863-521: The 3 ⁄ 4 -tons, the new 6x6, G-507 , 1 1 ⁄ 2 ‑tons' main difference was the use of a dual-range transfer-case, sourced out of the prior 1940, 1 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton VF-400 models, instead of the single-speed box of the 1 ⁄ 2 -tons and 3 ⁄ 4 -tons. The result were the WC-62 and WC-63 cargo, troop and weapons carriers, to move whole 12-troop squad teams per vehicle. Despite having individual drive-shafts from
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6006-558: The Afghan National Security Forces in the country. The HMMWV has become the vehicular backbone of U.S. forces around the world. Over 10,000 HMMWVs were employed by coalition forces during the Iraq War. The Humvee has been described as a vehicle with "the right capability for its era": designed to provide payload mobility in protected (safe) areas. However, deploying the vehicle to conflict zones where it
6149-628: The GAU-19A/B gatling gun, the M240G/B machine gun and M249 SAW . The M1114 "up-armored" HMMWV, introduced in 1996, also features a similar weapons mount. In addition, some M1114 and M1116 up-armored and M1117 armored security vehicle models feature a Common Remotely Operated Weapon Station (CROWS), which allows the gunner to operate from inside the vehicle, and/or the Boomerang anti- sniper detection system. Recent improvements have also led to
6292-902: The Growler which were designed to fit into smaller craft such as the V-22 . In combat conditions, the HMMWV can be delivered by the Low Altitude Parachute Extraction System which pulls the vehicle out of the open rear ramp just above the ground without the aircraft having to land. There are at least 17 variants of the HMMWV in service with the U.S. military. HMMWVs serve as cargo/troop carriers, automatic weapons platforms, ambulances (four litter patients or eight ambulatory patients), M220 TOW missile carriers, M119 howitzer prime movers, M1097 Avenger Pedestal Mounted Stinger platforms, MRQ-12 direct air support vehicles, S250 shelter carriers, and other roles. The HMMWV
6435-602: The Hummer -brand owned by General Motors . These vehicles have not been approved for sale in the US due to safety or emission standards. Kits have been produced for the general market to turn a sedan into a Humvee lookalike. An alternative is to buy a preconstructed (or " turnkey ") model. Various kits exist, but one of the more well known is the Volkswagen Beetle -based "Wombat". This was previously named "HummBug", until
6578-562: The M715 Jeep trucks , succeeded in the later 1970s by several "CUCV" adapted commercial pickup series, but these did not satisfy newer requirements either. What was wanted was a truly versatile light military truck, that could replace multiple outdated vehicles. When becoming aware of the U.S. Army's desire for a versatile new light weapons carrier/reconnaissance vehicle, as early as 1969 FMC Corporation started development on their XR311 prototype and offered it for testing in 1970. At least
6721-934: The United States Army Military Police Corps . In 2007, the Marine Corps announced an intention to replace all HMMWVs in Iraq with MRAPs because of high loss rates and issued contracts for the purchase of several thousand of these vehicles, which include the International MaxxPro , the BAE OMC RG-31 , the BAE RG-33 and Caiman , and the Force Protection Cougar , which were deployed primarily for mine clearing duties. Heavier models of infantry mobility vehicles (IMV) can also be used for patrol vehicles. The MaxxPro Line has been shown to have
6864-759: The original jeep , and others such as the Vietnam War-era M151 Jeep , the M561 " Gama Goat ", their M718A1 and M792 ambulance versions, the Commercial Utility Cargo Vehicle , and other light trucks. Primarily used by the United States military , it is also used by numerous other countries and organizations and even in civilian adaptations. The Humvee saw widespread use in the Gulf War of 1991, where it navigated
7007-481: The 1 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton, 6x6, Dodge WC-62 . This table provides the relations between U.S. military and Dodge identification numbers, related to chassis payload classification in U.S. tons (907 kg), wheels and drive, and description of body / vehicle type, in accordance with the U.S. Army Ordnance Standard Nomenclature List (SNL) vehicle catalog . The U.S. government used vehicle (group) numbers starting with 'G-', whereas Dodge indicated models sharing
7150-408: The 1939 T-series 'Job-rated' trucks . Dodge developed their first four-wheel drive truck in 1934, requested by the U.S. Army — an experimental 1 1 ⁄ 2 ton rated model, designated K-39-X-4(USA), of which 796 units were ordered, in multiple configurations. Timken supplied driven front axles and transfer-cases, which were added to a militarized commercial truck. The Timken transfer case
7293-420: The 1939 TC half-tons. The four-speed gearbox fitted, was a stock option on the civilian Dodges, and so were oil filters, oil-bath air cleaners, and heavy-duty generators. The 1941 model-year T‑207-series trucks were again classed as G-505 half-tons, but these were powered by a 218 cu in (3.6 L) straight-six of 85 hp, taken from Dodge's 3 ⁄ 4 - and one-ton commercial trucks. When
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#17327754537607436-458: The 1939 commercial model TE-30 cab , with a brush-guard fitted in front of the grille and headlights — but with a Dodge developed front driving axle, directional, cross-country tires, and a military cargo body. Importantly, one thousand of the VF-400 series cargo trucks were equipped with a power take-off , gear-driven Braden model MU 10,000 lb (4,500 kg) capacity winch — a feature that
7579-575: The 6.2-liter Detroit Diesel V8. Later iterations were fitted with the larger and improved 6.5-liter Detroit Diesel V8. Power output for the naturally-aspirated version of this engine is 160–170 hp (119–127 kW; 162–172 PS) and 290 lb⋅ft (393 N⋅m) of torque, while the turbocharged version produces 190–205 hp (142–153 kW; 193–208 PS) and 385–440 lb⋅ft (522–597 N⋅m). The vehicle has double wishbone suspension with portal gear hubs on all 4 wheels and inboard disc brakes . The brake discs are not mounted at
7722-540: The Army awarded contracts to three companies— AM General , Chrysler Corporation , and Teledyne Continental —to build eleven HMMWV prototypes each. The vehicles (six weapon carriers and five utility vehicles) were delivered by May 1982. The Teledyne HMMWV was based on the rear-engined XR311 Cheetah. Chrysler's HMMWV was based on the Expanded Mobility Truck. Chrysler Defense was sold mid-competition to General Dynamics Land Systems . The AM General HMMWV
7865-552: The Army), were a continuation of their experimental pre-war predecessors, the RF-40(-X) and TF-40(-X) (or T-200 / T-201), still riding on a chassis of the same 143 in (3.63 m) wheelbase. Production consisted of just over 6,000 closed cab, open bed cargo trucks, plus just under 400 dump-trucks. Like on the 1 ⁄ 2 -ton VC-series, the 1940 VF-400 1 1 ⁄ 2 -ton models simply used civilian front sheet-metal, based on
8008-532: The Dodge half-ton VC and WC trucks were part of the Army G-505 series. Some 77,750 four-wheel drive 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton WC numbered trucks were produced from late 1940 to early 1942, under War Department contracts. Additionally, aside from the fully military 4WD models, a small total of 1,542 two-wheel drive units retaining civilian sheet-metal were also supplied to the U.S. military, bearing WC model numbers in this same range. These models carried
8151-699: The G-507, T-223, 6x6 trucks. In 1940 the Army revised its range of standard, payload-based, general-purpose truck classes: a 1 ⁄ 4 -ton "small truck" requirement was added, (these became famous as the WW II 'jeeps' , after many other nicknames); and after buying over 80,000 1 ⁄ 2 -ton trucks from Dodge, the U.S. Army instead wanted 3 ⁄ 4 -ton rigs – and some more heavy categories were specified. The Quartermaster General wanted to start direct negotiations with Dodge, GM and Mack for certain models immediately, but not until after February 1941 could
8294-515: The Humvee that would combine the mobility and payload capabilities of original vehicle variants while maintaining the protection levels of up-armored versions. The cost to upgrade one Humvee with Northrop Grumman's features is $ 145,000. Textron has offered another Humvee upgrade option called the Survivable Combat Tactical Vehicle (SCTV) that restores mobility and survivability over armored Humvee levels. Although
8437-406: The Humvee's 10th anniversary in 1995. Ft. Lewis , Washington, and the 2nd Battalion, 47th Infantry, 9th Infantry Division was the testing unit to employ HMMWV in the new concept of a motorized division. Yakima Training Center , Washington, was the main testing grounds for HMMWVs from 1985 through December 1991, when the motorized concept was abandoned and the division inactivated. In June 1983,
8580-515: The JLTV but do not have enough funding to completely replace all Humvees, so they decided to continue sustaining their fleet. Key areas of improvement include upgrades to the suspension to reduce the amount of force transferred to the chassis, upgrading the engine and transmission for better fuel efficiency, enhancements to the cooling system to prevent overheating, a central tire inflation system to improve off-road mobility and ride quality, and increased underbody survivability. Testing of upgraded Humvees
8723-471: The Marine Corps will be upgraded through 2030. The Marines shelved the Humvee modernization effort in March 2015 because of budget cuts. Several companies are offering modifications to maintain the remaining U.S. military Humvee fleets. Oshkosh Corporation is offering Humvee upgrades to the Marine Corps in addition to its JLTV offering, which are modular and scalable to provide varying levels of capabilities at
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#17327754537608866-550: The Model 30/35 tourer, in 1914. It was stronger and more high quality than the ubiquitous Ford Model T , and in 1916, Dodge cars proved their durability, both in the 1910s U.S.–Mexico Border War — the U.S. military's first operation to use truck convoys, as well as in World War I, when some 12,800 Dodge cars and light trucks were used, primarily as ambulances and repair trucks., but also as staff and reconnaissance vehicles. All
9009-521: The Quartermaster Corps choose manufacturers directly, based on their engineering and production capabilities. One deciding factor had to do with availability of certain critical components, like transfer cases and especially constant-velocity joints , not often used on commercial trucks until then, but all-wheel drive vehicles all needed these, to drive their front wheels smoothly. Additionally, all-wheel drive trucks needed two or three times
9152-402: The SCTV costs more at $ 200,000 per vehicle, the company claims it can restore the Humvee for operational use, combining Humvee-level mobility and transportability with MRAP-level underbody protection as a transitional solution until the JLTV is introduced in significant numbers. One suggested future role for the Humvee is as an autonomous unmanned ground vehicle (UGV). If converted to a UGV,
9295-439: The SCTV in 2008 in anticipation of U.S. military upgrades, but it was shelved once they made the JLTV a priority. Textron then focused on selling the SCTV upgrade package to up to 25 countries operating the global fleet, a potential market of up to 10,000 vehicles. The upgrade can enhance the survivability of previously soft-skinned versions, sometimes sold by the U.S. as Excess Defense Articles, while costing and weighing less than
9438-661: The SNL-code G-613 , and brought the total number of half-ton WC‑series up to some 79,300 units, and the grand total of all half-tonners (VC and WC; 4WD and 2WD) to almost 84,000. From August 1941, the Dodge T-211 models received the uprated 92 hp (gross) engine, that was from then on fitted to all WC trucks produced through August 1945: the T-215 half-tons, all of the G-502, 3 ⁄ 4 -ton models, as well as
9581-606: The T‑;212 'D8A' and the T‑236 '3/4 Ton APT' (for 'Air PorTable') respectively; and further production of T-203 variants became indicated as both the T-203B, and as the WF series. By contrast, Chrysler / Dodge Canada built another 165,000 mostly three-ton trucks, a hasty addition to the production of Canadian Military Pattern trucks, that were more closely derived from the commercial Dodge T-, V-, and W-Series trucks, and
9724-415: The U.S. Army further batches of 1 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton 4x4 trucks in 1938, 1939 and 1940. In 1938, a batch of 1,700 experimental RF-40-X-4(USA) trucks were procured, and a further 292 experimental units, typed TF-40-X-4(USA) in 1939 – the first to be built, based on Dodge's new for 1939 T-, V-, and W-Series trucks. All of the 1 1 ⁄ 2 -ton Army 4x4s, including the 800 trucks of 1934, rode on
9867-402: The U.S. Army model. Under the designation M1116, the type was specifically designed and tailored to the needs of the U.S. Air Force. The M1116 features an expanded cargo area, armored housing for the turret gunner, and increased interior heating and air conditioning system. The M1114 and M1116 received armor at O'Gara-Hess & Eisenhardt Armoring Company of Fairfield, Ohio . The M1145 offers
10010-586: The U.S. Army released draft specifications for the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), which was to replace all U.S. Army tactical vehicles in the 1/4-ton to 5/4-ton range, As well as select vehicles in the U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Air Force . Namely these were the M151 quarter-ton jeeps, M561 Gama Goats , and the CUCVs, as one uniform "jack-of-all-trades" light tactical vehicle series, to better perform
10153-620: The U.S. Army selected the Oshkosh L-ATV to replace the vehicle in frontline U.S. military service. Since the World War II Willys MB reconnaissance truck was used for mass-deployment and became known as the "jeep", the United States military had continued to rely heavily on jeeps as general utility vehicles and as a mass-transport for soldiers in small groups. Although the U.S. Army had let Ford redesign
10296-576: The U.S. military in WWII – with Dodge contributing some 337,500 4WD units (over half as many as the jeep). Contrary to the versatility of the highly standardized jeep, which was mostly achieved through field modification, the Dodge WC‑;series came in many different, purpose-built, but mechanically uniform variants from the factory, much akin to the later family of High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicles . The WC series evolved out of, and
10439-708: The U.S., four companies offered Hummer-look-alike body kits that can be mated to GM full-size trucks and Suburban chassis and, in some cases, Ford, Dodge, and Cadillac applications. Some models are Urban Gorilla, Endeavor SB400 and SB4x400 from Forever Off-Road, the Jurassic Truck Corporation T-Rex, and the Bummer from Tatonka Products. An additional company offers plans for chassis building. The kits range from two-door fiberglass models to steel tube and sheet metal constructions. Dodge WC series The Dodge WC series (nicknamed " Beeps " )
10582-476: The VC trucks remained in use until the end of the war. The Dodge VC models were built a year ahead, and in a slightly greater number than any of the pre-standard quarter-ton jeeps that followed. In 1940, Dodge also built 6,472 four-wheel drive 1 1 ⁄ 2 -ton trucks, under two U.S. contracts – one awarded to Dodge, and one to Fargo. The models VF-401 to VF-407 (or engine/tech type T-203 by Dodge – and G-621 by
10725-642: The WC ;series, conveys both by its title, "SNL G-657 – Master Parts List, Dodge Trucks" , as well as by the explicit types list on its second page , that (because of the large amount of shared parts and components), the family of vehicles must at least be considered to include the: Additionally, close variants of the T-207 WC-1, and of the T-214 WC-51/WC-52, were derived and made in Canada, as
10868-519: The amount of driven axles, meaning more gears to cut for all the differentials. Produced until the war by a just a few specialized firms with limited capacity – from spring 1942, Ford, Dodge and Chevrolet joined in fabricating these in mass quantity, and Dodge were experienced in making quality, precision parts, since the earliest beginnings of the company. While the Army bought many half-ton WC series trucks, Dodge had to replace them with new 3 ⁄ 4 ‑ton trucks. In late 1941, Dodge introduced
11011-424: The approach angle. The winch capacity was originally rated at 5,000 lb (2,270 kg) pull-strength, but in late 1943 the wire rope size was upgraded from 3 ⁄ 8 in (9.5 mm) to 7 ⁄ 16 in (11 mm), the capacity rating was raised to 7,500 lb (3,400 kg), both on 3 ⁄ 4 ‑tons and the 6WDs. The chassis and certain other components were strengthened in
11154-571: The assault on the Russian oblast of Belgorod on 22 May 2023. Ukraine first received Humvees from the U.S. in 2001, and they were used by them in peacekeeping operations in Kosovo that same year. In December 2004, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld came under criticism from U.S. troops and their families for not providing better-equipped HMMWVs. Rumsfeld pointed out that, before the war, armor kits were produced only in small numbers per year. As
11297-445: The build-up for the war almost immediately after this. Although in 1936, a Marmon-Herrington converted half-ton Ford had become the Army's first light 4-wheel drive, and the Army had initially standardized Dodge's 4x4 trucks in the 1 1 ⁄ 2 -ton class — following Dodge's push for building 1 ⁄ 2 ‑tons, after mid 1940 the Army decided they preferred Dodge to build the light-duty four-wheel drives, contracting for
11440-421: The contract and sells Humvees at its weekly online auctions. In 2017, it was announced that AM General signed a contract with VLF Automotive to build a new civilian version of the HMMWV for sale outside of the US. The initial contract calls for up to 100 a year to be built and sold overseas to places such as China, Europe, Middle East, and Australia. These are essentially updated Hummer H1s , but cannot use
11583-470: The conventional belief that all the extra weight, costs and mechanical complexity of adding 4-wheel-drive wouldn't be worth it on any general purpose military vehicle with an off-highway payload capacity, below the (up to that point) standard 1 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton Army cargo unit. Mirroring the civilian market, where the use of all-wheel drive was practically non-existent in anything below 1 1 ⁄ 2 -ton payload vehicles. Light-duty off-roaders were
11726-586: The desert terrain; this usage helped to inspire civilian Hummer versions. The vehicle's original unarmored design was later seen to be inadequate, and was found to be particularly vulnerable to improvised explosive devices in the Iraq War . The U.S. hastily up-armored select models and replaced frontline units with the MRAP . Under the Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) program , in 2015
11869-426: The design of the new, longer, double the payload rated models, and many of these changes were incorporated back into subsequent production of the 3 ⁄ 4 -ton G-502 models as well. Although this caused some inconsistency in the mechanical uniformity of the 3 ⁄ 4 -tons, it did keep parts the same as much as possible between the 3 ⁄ 4 -tons and the new 1 1 ⁄ 2 -tons, benefiting both
12012-517: The development of the M1151 model, which quickly rendered the previous models obsolete. By replacing the M1114, M1116, and earlier armored HMMWV types with a single model, the U.S. Army hopes to lower maintenance costs. The latest iteration of the Humvee series can be seen in the M1151A1 and later up-armored A1-versions. It has a stronger suspension and larger 6.5 liter turbo-diesel engine to accommodate
12155-414: The direction of Major General Courtney Hodges , Chief of Infantry, these G-502 troop- and weapons-carriers were therefore stretched in 1943, with an additional driven rear axle, to derive 48 in (1.22 m) longer 6-wheel drive , 1 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton trucks. Using the same engine, gearbox, and cockpit, and sharing much of the other mechanicals, plus near-identical front-half sheet-metal as
12298-399: The door off with a tow strap, chain, or cable to free the troops inside. The D-ring was later recognized as one of the top 10 greatest Army inventions of 2006. In addition, Vehicle Emergency Escape (VEE) windows, developed by BAE Systems , were fielded for use on the M1114 up-armored HMMWV, with 1,000 kits ordered. The soldier manning the exposed crew-served weapon on top of the vehicle
12441-430: The drivetrain which is nestled between and above the rails. Raising the drivetrain into the cabin area and lowering the seats into the frame creates a chest-high transmission hump which separates passengers on each side and lowers the overall center of gravity compared to most trucks where the body and passengers are above the frame. The Humvee uses V8 powertrains from General Motors . Early iterations were issued with
12584-532: The earliest models were M1114, with smaller numbers of M1116 and M1045. The extended capacity HMMWVs, such as the M1165 can drive over an 18 in (460 mm) vertical wall and carry a 6,820 lb (3,090 kg) payload. Textron's Survivable Combat Tactical Vehicle (SCTV) is a protective capsule that can increase Humvee survivability to MRAP levels while significantly improving mobility. The modifications come in five kits, but all five need to be installed before
12727-421: The early years before IEDs became prevalent, the vehicle was liked by troops for its ability to access rough, mountainous terrain. Some soldiers would remove features from Humvees, including what little armor it had and sometimes even entire doors, to make them lighter and more maneuverable for off-road conditions and to increase visibility. With the onset of the Iraq War, Humvees proved very vulnerable to IEDs; in
12870-405: The event of a rollover, jammed door, or the vehicle catching fire, and a blast chimney that vents the force of a bomb blast upwards and away from the occupants. The M1151A1 has a crew of four, can carry 2,000 lb (910 kg) of payload, and can tow a 4,000 lb (1,800 kg) load. On roads, it has a top speed of 80 km/h (50 mph) and a range of 480 km (300 mi). With
13013-527: The first all-military design Dodge developed in the build-up to full mobilization for World War II, and they were the U.S. Army's first standard light 4x4 trucks — prior to the quarter-tons — when the U.S. formally declared war in December 1941. Soldiers would sometimes call the new vehicles 'jeeps', as was still common practice before the term migrated to the yet to be introduced Willys and Ford 1 ⁄ 4 -tons, and eventually stuck to those. Both
13156-470: The first four months of 2006, 67 U.S. troops died in Humvees. To increase protection, the U.S. military hastily added armor kits to the vehicles. Although this somewhat improved survivability, bolting on armor made the Humvee an "ungainly beast", increasing weight and putting a strain on the chassis, which led to unreliability. Armored doors that weighed hundreds of pounds were difficult for troops to open, and
13299-448: The general public, primarily because surplus government vehicles would have cut into sales related to the civilian Hummer model, whose production ended in 2010. The first sales from auction occurred on 17 December 2014 for 25 of the Humvees. Bids ranged from $ 21,500 for a 1989 M1038 to $ 41,000 for a 1994 AM General M998A1. The average bid was around $ 30,000 and the sale of the 25 vehicles netted $ 744,000 total. GovPlanet has since taken over
13442-445: The grille — the WC‑series came with wide-open, almost flat fenders that prevented mud build-up, clogging rotation of the wheels — as well as a redesigned, sloping nose with an integrated, round, grated grille / brush-guard. A new ambulance with a fully enclosed, all-steel box rear body was designed, on a longer, 123 inch wheelbase; and PTO-driven winches were now fitted to some models. The 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton WC models were
13585-492: The highest rate of vehicle rollover accidents because of its very high center of gravity and immense weight. The Humvee replacement process undertaken by the U.S. military focused on interim replacement with MRAPs and long-term replacement with the Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV). The HMMWV has evolved several times since its introduction and was used in tactical roles for which it was never originally intended. The military pursued several initiatives to replace it, both in
13728-423: The initial T-207 WC half-tons was just 60–65, going by the dashboard data plate. The side-valve engines were mated to drive-trains of four-speed manual transmissions and a single-range transfer case , offering part-time four-wheel drive . Only the drive-trains in the 1 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton models, the 1940 T‑203, VF-400 trucks, and the 1943–1945, G-507 , T‑223 six-wheel drives , had
13871-739: The introduction of the A1 series the number of models was reduced, with further designation revisions when the A2 series was introduced . Under contract to the US Army, AM General developed the M1113 expanded capacity vehicle (ECV). The M1097A2 is the basis for the expanded capacity vehicle (ECV). The ECV provided the payload capacity allowing for larger and heavier communications shelters, improved armor protection level for scouts, military police, security police, and explosive ordnance disposal platforms. In late 1995,
14014-492: The jeep from the ground up during the 1950s, and the resulting M151 jeep incorporated significant innovations, it firmly adhered to the original concept: a very compact, light enough to manhandle, low profile vehicle, with a folding windshield, that a layman could barely distinguish from the preceding Willys jeeps . The jeeps were shorter than a Volkswagen Beetle and weighed just over one metric ton, seating three to four, with an 800 lb (360 kg) payload. During and after
14157-404: The last of Dodge's 1 1 ⁄ 2 -ton 4x4 trucks for the war. Although the Army had steadily taken the bulk of its trucks in this category from Dodge / Fargo up til then, further production of 1 1 ⁄ 2 -ton 4x4 trucks was instead awarded to GM's Chevrolet G506 , which became the standard in this segment for the rest of the war. Aside from four-wheel drive trucks, production started for
14300-438: The later 1930s and the 1940s. Crucial developments for Dodge were the switch to specific truck-frames and bodies in 1935, for a new, 1936 model-year truck generation. The dedicated truck frames were heavier and stronger than the lighter passenger-car chassis. In 1938, Dodge opened a very large new factory , dedicated to truck manufacturing, and later that same year, Dodge introduced a drastically redesigned new truck line-up again:
14443-546: The mass-produced cargo/troop and command trucks, the WC-52 and WC-57 are identical to the WC-51 and WC-56 , but have a longer frame, extending further forward to the protruding front bumper with front-mounted winch. After the U.S. Army reorganized from using eight-troop rifle squads to twelve-men squads, a whole squad could no longer be carried as a unit in a single 3 ⁄ 4 ‑ton, 4x4, WC-51 or WC-52 truck. At
14586-480: The military with non-combat vehicles, moved to standardize truck designs, and by 1939, as the war in Europe erupted, the Army had settled on five payload-based general-purpose, cross-country truck classes: 1 ⁄ 2 -ton , 1 1 ⁄ 2 -ton , 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 -, 4- and 7 + 1 ⁄ 2 -ton . Introduction of a 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton standard 4WD class meant a significant doctrine shift, away from
14729-409: The nature of urban engagement. However, the chassis survivability allowed the majority of those crews to return to safety, though the HMMWV was never designed to offer protection against intense small arms fire, much less machine guns and rocket-propelled grenades . With the rise of asymmetric warfare and low-intensity conflicts , the HMMWV was pressed into service in urban combat roles for which it
14872-403: The newly armored turret made Humvees top-heavy and increased the danger of rollovers . The U.S. Marine Corps decided to start replacing Humvees in combat with Mine-Resistant, Ambush-Protected ( MRAP ) vehicles in 2007, and the U.S. Army stated that the vehicle was "no longer feasible for combat" in 2012. However, Humvees have also been used by Taliban insurgents for suicide bombings against
15015-536: The one hand, these 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton VC trucks proved so successful, that much greater quantities were immediately ordered, and they were further developed into the G-505 , 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton WC models built in 1941. On the other hand, an even lighter and smaller 4x4 truck was needed: a quarter-ton , that would soon replace the Dodges as the U.S.' lightest 4x4 military trucks. Although no longer standard,
15158-493: The previous jeep, the basic first-generation HMMWV has no armor (though armament carriers and hard-shell ambulances did have modest ballistic protection) or protection against chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear threats . Nevertheless, losses were relatively low in conventional operations , such as the Gulf War . Vehicles and crews suffered considerable damage and losses during the Battle of Mogadishu in 1993 because of
15301-593: The production of the M1114 based on the improved ECV chassis began. The M1114 meets Army requirements for a scout, military police, and explosive ordnance disposal vehicle with improved ballistic protection levels. The M1114 provides protection against 7.62 mm armor-piercing projectiles, 155 mm artillery air bursts and 12 lb (5.4 kg) anti-tank mine blasts. In June 1996, the U.S. Army purchased an initial 390 M1114s for operations in Bosnia. The U.S. Air Force has several M1114 vehicles that differ in detail from
15444-511: The protection of the M1114 and M1116 for Air Force Air Support Operations Squadrons (ASOS). Designed to protect Forward Air Controllers, modifications include perimeter ballistic protection, overhead burst protection, IED protection, mine blast protection, and 'white glass' transparent armor. Before the introduction of the latest armored HMMWV variants, and between 1993 and June 2006, Armor Holdings produced more than 17,500 armored HMMWVs (more than 14,000 between 2003 and 2007), all but about 160 of
15587-589: The relatively small requirement of 3,800 vehicles. Adjusting to Congress's expectations, the Army increased the scale of the program, then called the XM966 High Mobility Weapons Carrier (CSVP), to replace multiple other trucks. Congress, interested in a larger joint services truck program, removed the CSVP from the 1979 budget. The Army restructured the program, which was then called High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle . In 1979,
15730-524: The remainder of the Corps' 13,000-strong Humvee force scattered around support organizations while soft-skinned Humvees will provide support behind the forward-deployed Marine Expeditionary Unit . The Army does not plan to replace Humvees in the Army National Guard and is considering options on how many of its 120,000 vehicles will be replaced, sustained, or modernized. Even if half of the force
15873-415: The remaining eleven were subsequently rebuilt by the same firm, as G-552 , XAC-3, amphibious 3/4‑ton trucks. Both the 1 ⁄ 2 ‑tons and the 3 ⁄ 4 ‑tons were built based on Dodge WC series mechanicals. The vehicles performed well in testing, but neither Britain nor the U.S. decided to standardize them. Armored A single armored car prototype was built, based on
16016-472: The role of American forces in Iraq changed from fighting the Iraqi Army to suppressing the insurgency, more armor kits were being manufactured, though perhaps not as fast as production facilities were capable. Even more advanced kits were also being developed. While these kits are much more effective against all types of attacks, they weigh from 1,500 to 2,200 lb (680 to 1,000 kg) and have some of
16159-427: The roles of the impractically mixed fleet of outdated existing vehicles. The specifications called for a diesel engine, excellent on and off-road performance, the ability to carry a large payload, and improved survivability against indirect fire. Compared to the jeep, it was larger and had a much wider track, with a 16 in (410 mm) ground clearance, double that of most sport-utility vehicles . The new truck
16302-411: The same technical configuration by a common 'T-' number, and their individual model numbers starting with two letters, like 'WC-'. The U.S. Army simply considered the 1941 half-ton Dodge WC series as evolutions of the initial 1940 VC series – all within the half-ton, 4x4, SNL G-505 truck range. In the case of two model codes separated by a slash , the first code refers to the vehicle without
16445-409: The same drawbacks as the improvised armor. Unlike similar-sized civilian cargo and tow trucks, which typically have dual rear wheels to reduce sway, the HMMWV has single rear wheels because of its independent rear suspension coupled with the body design. Most up-armored HMMWVs hold up well against lateral attacks when the blast is distributed in all different directions but offer little protection from
16588-625: The same is true for the 15,000 ' parts bin special ' (T-234) "Burma Road" trucks , ordered by Chinese leader Chiang Kai-shek , at the time an ally against Japan . Dodge had been the United States military's primary supplier of light wheeled vehicles, since before the U.S. joined the First World War . After starting business in 1900, producing precision engine and chassis components for other car builders in Detroit — Ford and Oldsmobile chief among these — Dodge introduced their first car,
16731-517: The short and long terms. The short-term replacement efforts utilized commercial off-the-shelf vehicles as part of the Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) program. These vehicles were procured to replace Humvees in combat theaters. The long-term replacement for the Humvee is the JLTV which is designed from the ground up. The Future Tactical Truck System (FTTS) program was initiated to analyze potential requirements for
16874-425: The summer of 1940 the largest government truck contract awarded went to Chrysler's Dodge / Fargo Division, for more than 14,000 (mostly) 4x4 trucks, this was in the midst of the transition, and thus included both orders for 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton and 1 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton trucks, as GM / Chevy still needed to tool up for mass-producing 4WD 1 1 ⁄ 2 -tonners. Dodge had started developing designs for
17017-550: The threat of a lawsuit from General Motors forced changes to the name and the grille design to make it look less like the real thing. It can be purchased/built for about US$ 18,000; this puts it considerably cheaper than the actual HMMWV ($ 56,000), or Hummer . In Australia, a Gold Coast-based company called Rhino Buggies produces replicas of the Hummer H1 based on the Nissan Patrol 4WD vehicle for around A$ 30,000. In
17160-466: The transfer-case to each rear axle, there is no way to disengage one of the rear axles to achieve 6x2 drive. The G-507 runs in either 6x4 or 6x6 configuration. The WC-63 was (just like the WC-52) equipped with a longer frame, housing an engine power take-off drive-shaft from the transfer-case forward, to drive a Braden MU2 winch, mounted on a 10 in (25 cm) more protruding front-bumper, reducing
17303-460: The trucks followed the 1939 procurement doctrine, to "use commercial trucks with only a few modifications such as brush guards and towing pintles to fit them for military use." The first of the 1 ⁄ 2 -ton, 4x4, VC series military trucks were based on Dodge's 1939 commercial, one-ton rated model TC -series . The military VC models kept the same wheelbase and got the same civilian engine upgrade for 1940, but gained four-wheel drive, and
17446-482: The uniformity and ease of production of all the different models, as well as the 3 ⁄ 4 ‑tons, making them even more rugged from then on. Amphibious Twelve G-614 half-ton capacity, 4x4, XAC-2 / ex perimental ' A qua- C heetah', amphibious vehicles were built in 1942, by the Amphibian Car Corporation . One unit was submitted to Britain for testing, (under Lend-Lease), and
17589-488: The use of passenger car frames, instead for the first time built on distinct, modern truck-style chassis, with the frame-rails welded to the cross-members on their half-ton to one-ton rated trucks. Additionally, Dodge had built their all new, very large Warren Truck Assembly plant in Michigan, specifically for mass-production of light and medium trucks, opened in 1938. Then, for the 1939 model year, Dodge again presented
17732-461: The vehicle can be properly called an SCTV. The vehicle features a monocoque V-shaped hull and angled sides to help deflect rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs) with scalable levels of protection. It has greater engine power, replacing the 6.5-liter diesel engine with a Cummins 6.7-liter diesel and Allison 6-speed transmission, as well as a stronger suspension, improved brakes, higher ground clearance, and new onboard instrumentation. Fuel capacity
17875-449: The vehicle could serve as a mobile scout vehicle with armor features removed to enhance mobility and terrain accessibility, since there would be no occupants needing protection. Because there will still be tens of thousands of Humvees in the U.S. inventory after the JLTV enters service, it could be a low-cost way to build an unmanned combat vehicle fleet. Autonomy features would allow the Humvees to drive themselves and one soldier to control
18018-560: The vehicle's weight. The Marine Armor Kit (MAK), fielded in January 2005, offers more protection than the M1114 but also increases weight. The FRAG 5 offered even more protection but was still inadequate to stop EFP attacks. The FRAG 6 kit is designed to do just that, however its increased protection adds over 1,000 lb (450 kg) the vehicle over the FRAG 5 kit, and the width is increased by 2 feet (61 cm). The doors may also require
18161-463: The war, Dodge was the U.S. Army's sole producer of 3 ⁄ 4 ‑ton trucks, and built a total of 255,193 of these, across all variants, from April 1942 to August 1945. Standard vehicles in the 3 ⁄ 4 ‑ton 4x4 class were the WC-51 / WC-52 Weapons Carrier, WC-56 /-57 /-58 (Radio) Command Reconnaissance, WC-53 Carry‑all, and the WC-54 Ambulance. In
18304-429: The war, the very light, 1 ⁄ 4 -ton jeeps were complemented by the 3 ⁄ 4 -ton Dodge WC and Korean War Dodge M37 models. By the mid-1960s, the U.S. military felt a need to reevaluate their aging light vehicle fleet. From the mid-1960s, the U.S. Army had tried to modernize, through replacing the larger, purpose-built Dodge M37s by militarized, "commercial off the shelf" (COTS) 4×4 trucks — initially
18447-467: The weight of up to 680 kg (1,500 lb) of additional armor. The armor protection can be installed or taken off depending on the operating environment, so the vehicles can move more efficiently without armor when there is no threat of attack. There is some underbody armor that moderately protects against mines and roadside bombs. Other improvements include Vehicle Emergency Escape (VEE) windows that can be quickly removed so troops inside can escape in
18590-460: The wheelbase on the main models, plus lowering the bodies' center of gravity, gave them a much more square stance, with a much better break-over angle and side-slope stability. The trucks thus became the shorter G-502 , 3 ⁄ 4 ‑ton, 4×4 truck (Dodge) , and from 1943 also the longer , stretched G-507 , 1 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton, 6x6 personnel and cargo truck (Dodge) — all while retaining Dodge WC model codes. Although
18733-440: The wheels, as on conventional cars, but are inboard of the half-shafts, attached outboard of the differentials. The front and rear differentials are Torsen type, and the center differential is of the lockable type. Torque-biasing differentials allows forward movement as long as at least one wheel has traction. It runs on specialized 37 × 12.5 radial tires with low-profile runflat devices. Newer HMMWV versions can be equipped with
18876-499: The while, Dodge maintained its reputation for high quality truck, transmission, and motor parts they kept making for other successful manufacturers. Dodge civilian, commercial trucks were at first largely based on their passenger cars, offering light- and medium-duty trucks, like pick‑ups, station hacks , panel vans, and carry-alls . Dodge's passenger-car chassis were sturdy enough for such trucks, from their 1914 introduction. But Dodge expanded into medium-heavy duty trucks during
19019-520: Was awarded the contract. The vehicle's durability and light weight were factors that led to its selection. AM General was awarded an initial contract for 2,334 vehicles, the first batch of a five-year contract that would see 55,000 vehicles delivered to the U.S. military, including 39,000 vehicles for the Army. 72,000 vehicles had been delivered to the U.S. and foreign customers by the Persian Gulf War of 1991, and 100,000 had been delivered by
19162-453: Was carried over on many of the subsequent 1 ⁄ 2 -ton and 1 1 ⁄ 2 -ton WC series models, directly from 1941. And although the light-duty WC models that followed, did not receive the VF-400's two-speed transfer cases, these did return on the 1 1 ⁄ 2 -ton 6x6 trucks, the WC-62 and WC-63 . An ambulance model, VF-407 , was also designed, but only three units were built, likely experimental. These proved to be
19305-670: Was developed as a private venture to meet the HMMWV requirement. The first prototype (a weapons carrier variant) was completed in August 1980 and sent to the Nevada Automotive Test Center for testing. AM General nicknamed the prototypes it delivered for the Army competition "Hummer," which AM General had the foresight to trademark. The vehicles underwent testing at Aberdeen Proving Ground , Maryland and Yuma, Arizona . The vehicles were subjected to over 600,000 miles in trials which included off-road courses in desert and arctic conditions. On March 22, 1983, AM General
19448-501: Was exposed to a full spectrum of threat which it was neither designed to operate, or be survivable in, led to adding protection at the cost of mobility and payload. On 22 April 2022, Pentagon Press Secretary John F. Kirby described a package of military equipment being transported to Ukraine to assist in its war with Russia, including "100 armored Humvee vehicles". An additional 50 were promised on 19 August 2022, and were delivered at an unknown date. A number of Humvees were used in
19591-422: Was laid out. Dodge evolved the 1940 VC‑1 to VC‑6 into the equally half-ton rated WC series of military light trucks, produced in 38 model variants, of which 30 were four-wheel driven, in varying amounts — thousands of some models were produced, while only a few of some others were made. Where the military VC‑series still used much civilian sheet-metal, distinguished by a brush-guard in front of
19734-642: Was not abbreviated from this, but a regular Dodge model code – initially "W" for 1941, and "C" for a nominal half-ton payload rating. However, the "WC" model code was simply retained after 1941 — for both the 3 ⁄ 4 -ton , as well as the 1 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton rated 6x6 Dodges. All in all, not counting mechanically related variants, the WC series alone involved 52 model versions (thirty 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton 4×4, eight 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton 4×2, twelve 3 ⁄ 4 ‑ton 4×4, and two 1 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton 6×6 models). Creating vehicles of
19877-664: Was not originally intended. After Operation Restore Hope in Somalia, the military recognized a need for a more protected HMMWV. AM General developed the M1114, an armored HMMWV to withstand small arms fire. The M1114 has been in production since 1996, seeing limited use in the Balkans before deployment to the Middle East . This design is superior to the M998 with a larger, more powerful turbocharged engine, air conditioning , and
20020-417: Was part of a more extended family of trucks, with great mechanical parts commonality, that included open- and closed-cab cargo, troops and weapons carriers, (radio) command, and reconnaissance cars, ambulances, carry-alls, panel vans , and mobile telephone installation and (emergency) field workshop trucks. The Dodge WC series were essentially built in two generations. From 1940 to early 1942, almost 82,400 of
20163-414: Was the first part-time design, that allowed the driver to engage or disengage four-wheel drive using a lever inside the cabin. In spite of the limited 1930s U.S. military budgets, the 1934 trucks served well enough that, after a couple of years, Dodge received further Army contracts for 1 1 ⁄ 2 ‑ton, 4-wheel drive trucks, and these were further developed from the late thirties. Dodge built
20306-489: Was to climb a 60 percent incline and traverse a 40 percent slope and ford 5 ft (1.5 m) of water and electronics waterproofed to drive through 2.5 ft (0.76 m) of water were specified. The radiator was to be mounted high, sloping over the engine on a forward-hinged hood. Out of 61 companies that showed interest in the contract, five companies submitted proposals before the deadline in April 1981. In July 1981,
20449-408: Was to occur in 2014, with production and installation occurring from 2015 through 2018. Older A2 series Humvees make up half the current fleet, and 4,000 are to be disposed of through foreign military sales and transfers. By 2017, the Marines' light tactical vehicle fleet is to consist of 3,500 A2 series Humvees, 9,500 ECV Humvees, and 5,000 JLTVs, with 18,000 vehicles in total. Humvees in service with
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