The Beretta 8000 ( Cougar ) is a family of rotating barrel semi-automatic pistols that were designed and manufactured by Beretta of Italy.
66-408: They first appeared on the market in 1994 as a more compact alternative to the full-sized Beretta 92 service pistol in order to offer a compromise between concealability, ease of carry, accuracy and firepower. The 8000 series was originally developed around the .40 S&W cartridge, which was a new cartridge at the time. This allowed it to easily be converted to other calibers, such as .357 SIG and
132-509: A "G" model (decock only) by various agencies but were not offered in this configuration from Beretta USA. In 2004, following Beretta's acquisition of Stoeger Industries through Benelli , marketing and distribution of the Cougar was transferred to Stoeger. In 2006, Stoeger Cougars began being sold in 9×19mm, .45 ACP, and .40 S&W, made in Turkey on Beretta factory tooling. Stoeger also added
198-505: A "fully automatic" or machine pistol, which continues to fire as long as the trigger is held or until all rounds have been fired. The Mauser M712 Schnellfeuer (German for "rapid fire"), a modified Mauser C96 pistol, is a notable example of a true machine pistol. While both types of weapons operate on the same principles, fully automatic weapons must be built more ruggedly to accommodate the heat and stress caused by rapid firing, and it can be difficult (and illegal in most countries) to convert
264-428: A "semi-automatic pistol" or a "self-loading pistol" usually all imply a semi-automatic handgun that is fed by a removable magazine, which discharges one round for each trigger pull. Semi-automatic pistols use one firing chamber that remains fixed in a constant linear position relative to the gun barrel. In contrast, although double-action revolvers can also be fired semi-automatically, their rounds are not fired from
330-500: A cartridge in one continuous motion. Each pull of the trigger on a DAO semi-automatic pistol requires the same amount of pressure. The Kel-Tec P-11 is an example of a DAO action. DAO semi-automatic pistols are most generally recommended only in the smaller, self-defense, concealable pistols, rather than in target or hunting pistols. A notable exception is the Glock range of pistols, which optimize preset triggers (similar to DAO), but
396-477: A decocker, and very few are around today. The Beretta 92 was designed for sports and law enforcement use and, due to its reliability, was accepted by military users in countries all over the world. Semi-automatic pistol A semi-automatic pistol (also called a self-loading pistol , autopistol , or autoloading pistol ) is a handgun that automatically ejects and loads cartridges in its chamber after every shot fired. Only one round of ammunition
462-539: A groove on the underside of the slide. The main purpose is to stop the slide from flying off the frame to the rear if it cracks, potentially injuring the user. The "S" in "92FS" signifies either "Scivolo" (meaning "slide") or "Sicurezza" (meaning "patent" or "safe") in Italian, due to the design's improved and safer slide in case of a catastrophic failure. This was in response to reported defective slides during U.S. military testing. Beretta discovered in an investigation that
528-417: A larger capacity magazine. The Beretta 92 is available in many configurations and models: The Beretta 93R is a significantly redesigned 92 to provide the option of firing in three-round bursts. It also has a longer ported barrel, heavier slide, fitting for a shoulder stock, a folding forward grip, and an extended magazine. Unlike other Berettas in the 90 series it is single-action only, does not have
594-651: A machine pistol, in contrast, this can be accomplished by blowback , or, less commonly, by gas operation , harnessing gases produced when the gun is fired. The Desert Eagle is a rare example of a semi-automatic pistol that siphons off some of the gases instead of relying on short recoil operation. A revolver , which uses multiple chambers and a single barrel, and a derringer , which uses multiple chambers and multiple barrels, also fire one round per trigger pull, but achieve this in different ways and as such are not classified as being semi-automatic. A semi-automatic pistol will fire only one shot per trigger pull, in contrast to
660-512: A modified version of the 92F with a decocking-only lever as the PAMAS G1 . These pistols have tellurium in the slide , making the French made steel brittle, and as such only have a service life of approximately 6,000 rounds. The French military fitted new Italian made steel slides to its PAMAS G1 pistols before they reached that round count. The 92FS has an enlarged hammer pin that fits into
726-447: A more compact-sized Cougar pistol to their production line, which has a reduced magazine capacity of 13 rounds and MSRP is US$ 50 less than its full-size counterpart. Stoeger's later .45 Cougars also included an accessory rail. The Stoeger Cougar was quietly discontinued around 2017, but the pistols have reappeared on Stoeger's Turkish website as of February 2024. Beretta 92 The Beretta 92 (also Beretta 96 and Beretta 98 )
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#1732790483011792-473: A removable box magazine to provide ammunition, which is usually inserted into the grip. However, some pistols are based on receiver -style designs similar to existing semi-automatic rifles , and thus have the magazine inserted separately from the grip. The language surrounding "automatic", "semi-automatic", "self-loading", etc., often causes confusion due to differences in technical usage between different countries and differences in popular usage. For example,
858-568: A result of this lawsuit, all design changes and modifications to existing pistols were done at the government’s expense. The 92FS also came as a 92FS Centurion model which featured the shorter barrel and slide of the 92 Compact on a full-size 92FS frame. The Beretta 92's open slide design ensures smooth feeding and ejection of ammunition and allows easy clearing of obstructions. The hard-chromed barrel bore reduces barrel wear and protects it from corrosion. The falling locking block design provides good accuracy and operability with suppressors due to
924-540: A screw-on wooden stock, the C-93 served well as a small pistol carbine . In 1896, Paul Mauser introduced the first model of his Mauser "Broomhandle" semi-automatic pistol, the C96 . This was the first mass-produced and commercially successful pistol to have a large-capacity, staggered-column magazine holding 10 or 20 rounds. Its original cartridge was called 7.63 mm Mauser , which was more powerful but otherwise identical to
990-461: A semi-automatic pistol into a fully automatic mode of fire. A selective-fire action pistol, though, can be converted back and forth by means of a switch, and often includes a burst mode , typically for a three-round burst with each trigger pull. Selective-fire weapons are generally used by specialized law enforcement and security personnel such as SWAT teams, hostage rescue teams, anti-terrorist units, or government bodyguards for heads of state. In
1056-415: A shortened barrel and slide and 13-round magazine capacity known as the 92SB Compact was manufactured from 1981 to 1991. In 1984 Beretta introduced a version of the model 92SB slightly modified to create the 92SB-F (the "F" meaning "Federale", or "Federal" in Italian, added to denote entry of the model in U.S. Government federal testing) by making the following changes: The French military adopted
1122-412: A single chamber, but rather are fired from each of the chambers that are rotated into linear alignment with the barrel's position in turn just prior for each shot fired. Typically, the first round is manually loaded into the chamber by pulling back and releasing the slide mechanism. After the trigger is pulled and the round is fired, the recoil operation of the handgun automatically extracts and ejects
1188-554: A special edition case, lapel pin and charcoal laminate grips with inlaid cougar medallions. The pistol comes in the 8045F model which is a double/single-action-type pistol. Standard white dot sights and factory black plastic grips are standard with the "Pak" consisting of the case, wood grips and pin. Beretta USA made an 8045F for the Los Angeles Police Department. One requirement of the LAPD using these firearms
1254-431: A tactical rail. The 8000, 8040 and 8045 are available in a Mini variant weighing 140 g less than the respective models and with a grip that is 25 mm shorter. The slide and barrel are the same length as the full size pistols. This variant is available in the "D" and "F" configurations. Some models are available as an Inox version which has a stainless steel slide, barrel and other components. The 8045 Beretta Cougar
1320-661: A very heavy slide and stiff spring, making them bulky, heavy, and difficult to operate. A somewhat commercially successful blowback pistol design in the more powerful calibers was produced; the Spanish Astra 400 in 9 mm Largo and the similar Astra 600 in 9 mm Parabellum. U.S. manufacturer Hi-Point also produces a line of blowback-operated pistols in several calibers, including 9 mm and .45 ACP. Virtually all other service-caliber pistols are locked-breech designs After Hiram Maxim introduced his recoil-powered machine gun in 1883, several gunsmiths set out to apply
1386-483: Is a series of semi-automatic pistols designed and manufactured by Beretta of Italy. The Beretta 92 was designed in 1975, and production began in 1976. Many variants in several calibers continue to be used to the present. The United States military replaced the .45 ACP M1911A1 pistol in 1985 with the Beretta 92FS, designated as the " M9 ". The Beretta 92 pistol evolved from earlier Beretta designs, most notably
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#17327904830111452-417: Is an example of this style of action. A common mode of carry for DA semi-automatic pistols is with the magazine full, a round chambered, and the gun holstered and uncocked with the external safety unengaged or off. The Taurus PT145 is an example of a DA/SA weapon, as it has no decocker and thus has its striker primed from the moment of chambering and only enters double-action mode if a round fails to fire upon
1518-407: Is condition 1, popularly known as cocked and locked. Condition 1 (a term popularized by Jeff Cooper ) refers to having the magazine full, a round chambered, the hammer fully cocked, and the thumb safety engaged or on, at least for right-handed users. For many single-action, semi-automatic pistols, this procedure works well only for right-handed users, as the thumb safety is located on the left side of
1584-524: Is extracted and ejected as the slide/bolt moves rearwards under recoil , the hammer /striker is cocked by the slide/bolt movement, and a new round from the magazine is pushed into the chamber when the slide/bolt returns forward under spring tension. This sets up the following shot, which is fired as soon as the trigger is pulled again. Most pistols use a short recoil operation to perform this, but some pistols use simple blowback or gas operation mechanisms. Most types of semi-automatic pistols rely on
1650-415: Is fired each time the trigger is pulled, as the pistol's fire control group disconnects the trigger mechanism from the firing pin /striker until the trigger has been released and reset. A semi-automatic pistol recycles part of the energy released by the propellant combustion to move its bolt , which is usually housed inside the slide . After a round of ammunition is fired, the spent cartridge casing
1716-453: Is the basic version with double-action trigger, exposed hammer, and ambidextrous safety/decocking levers (located on the slide). The D specification is double-action only ("DAO") with a spurless hammer and no safety/decocking levers. The G specification is a DA/SA variant with a "decock" only feature. It features an exposed hammer with ambidextrous decocking levers (on the slide). There is no safety on this model. The T specification includes
1782-483: The 7.65 mm Borchardt cartridge, had been designed in 1893 and made its public debut in 1894. Borchardt based the principle of the C-93's mechanism in large part upon Maxim's toggle-lock. The C-93 featured a locking mechanism modeled after the human knee, which is called Kniegelenk in German (knee joint). The C-93 proved mechanically reliable but was too large and bulky to receive widespread acceptance. Equipped with
1848-602: The 7.65 mm Borchardt . The Mauser was one of the first self-loading pistols used extensively in battle, notably the Second Boer War of 1899–1902. These pistols were made in 7.63 mm Mauser , or 9×25mm Mauser, along with some models eventually being made in 9 mm Parabellum and a small number in .45 ACP for China. 1898 saw the Schwarzlose Model 1898 , a semi-automatic pistol invented by Prussian firearm designer Andreas Wilhelm Schwarzlose . It
1914-536: The 92S , which was adopted by several Italian law enforcement and military units. The magazine release button is at the bottom of the grip as is customary in Europe. This model was produced from 1978 to 1982. The name "92S" means "Sicurezza", or "patent", in Italian. The "S" signifies a new change to the design's patent. The 92SB , initially called 92S-1 , was specifically designed for the USAF trials. The 92SB model name
1980-626: The M1923 and M1951 . From the M1923 comes the open slide design, while the alloy frame and the hinged locking block , originally from Walther P38 , were first used in the M1951. The grip angle and the front sight integrated with the slide were also common to earlier Beretta pistols. What were perhaps the Model 92's two most important advanced design features had first appeared on its immediate predecessor,
2046-513: The 1974 .380 caliber Model 84 . These improvements both involved the magazine, which featured direct feed; that is, there was no feed ramp between the magazine and the chamber (a Beretta innovation in pistols). In addition, the magazine was a "double-stacked" design, a feature originally introduced in 1935 on the Browning Hi-Power . Carlo Beretta, Giuseppe Mazzetti and Vittorio Valle, all experienced firearms designers, contributed to
Beretta 8000 - Misplaced Pages Continue
2112-475: The 20th century has been for semi-automatic pistols to replace revolvers for military use, although the transition has been slower in police and civilian use. As of 2011 , revolvers are mainly used in jurisdictions that permit their use for civilian self-defense, hunting, plinking , and target practice. Semi-automatic pistols are by far the most popular for concealed carry by civilians, primary handguns for police and military use, backup guns for police use, and where
2178-487: The A1 models. Both magazines function in earlier 92 series and M9 model pistols. Italian magazine manufacturer Mec-Gar now produces magazines in blue and nickel finishes with an 18-round capacity, which fit flush in the magazine well on the 92 series. Mec-Gar also produces an extended 20-round blued magazine that protrudes below the frame by 3 ⁄ 4 inch (19 mm). These magazines provide users in unrestricted states with
2244-698: The Belgian firm of Fabrique Nationale (FN) and later by Colt in the U.S. Browning's first successful design was the Browning M1900 . Like Georg Luger 's work conducted around the same time in Germany, it was designed alongside a in 7.65 mm cartridge, but the 7.65 mm Browning (aka .32 Auto) differs substantially from Luger's 7.65 mm Parabellum . Browning went on to design .25, .38, .380, and .45 ACP cartridges for his semi-automatic pistol designs. Browning must be given credit for developing
2310-601: The FN Browning Hi-Power , announced in 1922, during the last years of his life, working on this design until his death in 1926. This was a 9 mm semi-automatic pistol capable of holding 13 rounds in the magazine (plus one chambered). The next notable design was the 7.65 mm Luger by Georg Luger , which although successful in its function, nonetheless failed to have adequate stopping power and failed to win widespread acceptance. In 1902, Luger's subsequent and similar P08 in 9 mm Parabellum overcame
2376-507: The United States, selective-fire weapons are not legally available to civilians unless they live in a state that allows civilian ownership of National Firearms Act or Title II weapons. Self-loading automatic pistols can be divided into "blowback" and "locked breech" categories according to their principle of operation. The blowback operating principle is suitable for smaller, lower-powered calibers, such as .32 ACP and .380 ACP , as
2442-441: The barrel is controlled by the stud on its bottom, which follows the cam track in the steel frame insert. The rotating barrel allows for lower recoil despite a smaller overall size and lower weight than a standard Beretta 92FS . The frame is made from lightweight aluminum alloy . The basic version of the Cougar pistol is the F model, with double-action trigger with exposed hammer, and ambidextrous safety/decocker levers, located on
2508-407: The factory-standard 15 rounds. These magazines have heavier crimping (deeper indentations in the side) to reduce the available space while still keeping the same external dimensions and ensuring that these magazines can be used on existing firearms. Beretta also produces 15-round "Sand Resistant" magazines to resolve issues encountered with contractor-made magazines, and 17-round magazines included with
2574-540: The final design in 1975. Production began in May 1976, and ended in February 1983. Approximately 7,000 units were of the first "step slide" design and 45,000 were of the second "straight slide" type. In order to meet the requirements of some law enforcement agencies, Beretta modified the Beretta 92 by adding a slide-mounted combined safety and decocking lever, replacing the frame-mounted manual thumb safety. This resulted in
2640-420: The hammer or striker may be either thumb-cocked or activated by pulling the trigger when firing the first shot. The hammer or striker is recocked automatically during each firing cycle. In double-action pistols, the first pull of the trigger requires roughly twice as much pressure as subsequent firings, since the first pull of the trigger also cocks the hammer (if not already cocked by hand). The Beretta 92F/FS
2706-505: The in-line travel of the barrel. This is in contrast to the complex travel of Browning designed barrels. The magazine release button is reversible with simple field tools. Reversing the magazine release makes left-handed operation much easier. Increasingly, it has become popular to reduce handgun weight and cost as well as increase corrosion resistance by using polymers. Starting around the year 2000, Beretta began replacing some parts with polymer and polymer coated metal. Polymer parts include
Beretta 8000 - Misplaced Pages Continue
2772-426: The less powerful 9x19mm . The Cougar series was later also manufactured in .45 ACP . These pistols are suitable for use by both police and for civilian self-defense. Cougar 8000 series pistols are recoil-operated , locked breech semi-automatic pistols . These pistols use a relatively rare rotating barrel locking system, in which the barrel rotates on recoil to unlock itself from the slide. The rotating motion of
2838-410: The pin's impact; at other times, it operates as a single-action striker-fired firearm. In contrast, a single-action (SA) semi-automatic pistol must be cocked by first operating the slide or bolt, or, if a round is already chambered, by cocking the hammer manually. The M1911 is an example of this style of action. All SA semi-automatic pistols exhibit this feature and automatically cock the hammer when
2904-420: The pistol and is easily accessible only for those who are holding the pistol in the right hand. Many modern SA semi-automatic pistols have had their safety mechanisms redesigned to provide a thumb safety on both sides of the pistol (ambidextrous), thereby better meeting the needs of left-handed, as well as right-handed users. Many SA semi-automatic pistols have a hammer position known as " half-cocked ". Squeezing
2970-500: The problem of inadequate stopping power and featured a greatly improved Borchardt-type Kniegelenk ("knee-joint") locking mechanism. Unlike Browning's locked-breech design, the barrel in a Kniegelenk design does not tip up and down while the gun is fired, thereby theoretically improving shooting accuracy. Luger's P.08 was adopted by the German military and served as their standard sidearm in World War I . During World War II, Germany
3036-409: The recoil spring guide rod (which is now also fluted), magazine floor plate, magazine follower and the mainspring cap/lanyard loop. Polymer coated metal parts include the left side safety lever, trigger, and magazine release button. To keep in line with the introduction of laws in some locations restricting magazines that hold more than 10 rounds, Beretta now manufactures magazines that hold fewer than
3102-408: The resistance of the recoil spring and mass of the slide are sufficient to retard the opening of the breech until the projectile has left the barrel and breech pressure has dropped to a safe level. For more powerful calibers such as the 9 mm Parabellum (9 mm) and .45 ACP , some form of locked-breech is needed to retard breech opening, as an unlocked blowback pistol in these calibers requires
3168-461: The same .45 ACP ammunition used in the M1911A1, because of the great demand for handguns and the need to adopt a common cartridge for use in both semi-automatic pistols and revolvers. After World War II, most nations eventually adopted 9 mm Parabellum caliber pistols employing some variant of Browning's locked-breech design for their standard-issue military pistols. The most popular early choice
3234-490: The same principles to handguns, including Maxim. Maxim's designs for smaller firearms using his recoil-powered ideas never went into production. In the 1880s, other designers worked on self-loading designs. The Salvator Dormus was the first semi-automatic pistol followed closely by the Schönberger-Laumann 1892 . The first model to gain any commercial success was Hugo Borchardt 's C-93 , which, together with
3300-402: The shell casing and reloads the chamber. This mode of operation generally allows for faster reloading and storing a larger number of cartridges than a revolver. Some modern semi-automatic pistols are exclusively double-action (DA or DAO) trigger function; that is, once a round is chambered, each trigger pull cocks the hammer, striker, or firing pin, and additionally releases the same to fire
3366-430: The slide is first "racked" to chamber a round. A round can also be manually inserted in the chamber with the slide locked back. Then the safety can be applied. It is generally not a good idea to load a round manually as this can cause excessive wear on the extractor as semi-automatic firearms were designed to have cartridges loaded from the bottom via the magazine. The normal mode of carrying an SA semi-automatic pistol
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#17327904830113432-458: The slide. Alternative is D version, which is double-action only, and thus have spurless hammer and no safety/decocker levers. Cougar pistols use double-stack magazines in 9 mm, .357 SIG and .40 caliber models, and staggered column magazines in .45 caliber models. The 8000 series is available in several calibers and in either "F", "G" or "D" configuration. European models were offered in .41 Action Express and 9×21mm . The F specification
3498-427: The slides had passed high-pressure proof testing and magnetic particle inspection when they were made, and metallurgical analysis showed that they had indeed been made to the proper specification. In reality, the guns were cracking and being blown apart due to improperly made ammunition, which was far more powerful than NATO specifications. Beretta filed a defamation lawsuit against the United States government and won. As
3564-471: The striker is partially cocked back as the slide closes. This allows for significantly shorter trigger pulls than DAO. The trigger spring can be replaced with a lighter one and paired with a low-strength sear connector resulting in lightened trigger pulls to improve a shooter's accuracy (like models G34 and G35 ). Standard modern semi-automatic pistols are usually double-action (DA), also sometimes known as double-action/single-action (DA/SA). In this design,
3630-419: The term "automatic pistol" technically refers to a fully automatic machine pistol , which is capable of continuously firing multiple rounds with a single pull of the trigger, although in popular American usage it is also used as a synonym for any self-loading pistol, the vast majority of which are semi-automatic. In colloquial usage, because machine pistols are very rare on the market, an "automatic pistol",
3696-399: The thumb safety (accessible only to right-handed users) positioned in the off (or ready-to-fire) mode. The primary advantage of the half-cocked position versus the uncocked position in that particular scenario was added sound suppression (of the click of the weapon being cocked). A secondary advantage was the avoidance of accidental discharges if the gun was accidentally dropped. The half-cock
3762-540: The trigger will not fire the gun when it is in the half-cocked position, and neither will dropping the gun in this state cause an accidental discharge. During World War II , in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater , an unofficial and unapproved carry mode for the SA M1911 by left-handed U.S. soldiers in combat was carrying the gun with the magazine full, a round chambered, the action in half-cocked position, and
3828-547: The type of locked-breech action which is commonly used by the vast majority of modern large caliber semi-automatic pistols. One of Browning's most enduring designs was the Colt M1911 , which was adopted by the U.S. military as its service pistol and is in active use since 1911 within some U.S. special forces and Marine units, albeit in modernized forms (the M45A1 Pistol is a prime example). Browning also co-designed
3894-723: Was adopted by the (normally unarmed) British police in 1911 and by the Royal Navy and Royal Marines before the First World War, revolvers were generally preferred by most British military . In the Soviet Union, the TT pistol replaced the Nagant M1895 revolver during the war. In the United States, the M1911A1 was adopted as the standard military sidearm. Both Colt and Smith & Wesson produced revolvers chambered for
3960-816: Was chambered for the 7.65×25mm Mauser, but could also shoot the weaker Borchardt ammunition. The Schwarzlose design was most advanced and far ahead of its time, but not widely adopted with less than 1000 pieces being manufactured. Small lots were sold to members of the Russian Social-Democratic Party who were plotting insurrection but were confiscated at the Russian border and issued to the Imperial Russian Frontier Guards. In Belgium , in 1896, American gun designer John Browning developed self-loading semi-automatic pistols. His models were first manufactured in Europe by
4026-566: Was officially adopted after winning. "92SB" means "Sicurezza Blocco", meaning "safety block" in Italian. This refers to both the slide-mounted safety and the internal firing pin block . Other improvements include ambidextrous safety levers, 3-dot sights and relocating the magazine release catch from the bottom of the grip to the lower bottom of the trigger guard. The later relocation of the magazine release button means preceding models (92 & 92S) cannot necessarily use later magazines, unless they have notches in both areas. A compact version with
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#17327904830114092-418: Was produced between 1998 and 2004 in the D and F configuration. A Mini 8045 Cougar was also produced in the same configurations. No factory 8045 Cougars were produced in the "G" configuration, but prototype Cougars do exist in the G configuration as well as with a light rail. In 1999, Beretta USA offered 2000 special edition kits to accompany the 8045F Cougar. Accompanying the basic 8045F was a kit consisting of
4158-406: Was revised by Colt in the 1970s and subsequently other manufacturers – the hammer will fall from half-cock if the trigger is pulled on most newer 1911 type guns. A self-loading pistol reloads the chamber with a new round automatically each time the weapon is fired, without additional action being required by the user. For a semi-automatic pistol, this is typically accomplished by recoil operation. In
4224-597: Was the FN Browning Hi-Power mentioned above; another popular model was the locked-breech Walther P38 because of its many safety features. Over the course of the postwar 20th century, additional popular semi-automatic pistols were introduced, including the Smith & Wesson Model 59 , Beretta 92 , CZ 75 , Glock , SIG Sauer P226 , Walther P88 , Heckler & Koch USP , Kel-Tec P-11 , and Kel-Tec P-32 , among many other models. The almost universal trend since
4290-573: Was the first nation to adopt a double-action pistol, the Walther P38 , which could be carried loaded (with a cartridge chambered) and ready to fire without the risk of an accidental discharge if dropped. The P38 also used Luger's 9 mm Parabellum cartridge. Revolvers were still issued by various major powers, but their use was decreasing. Though the British firm Webley & Scott had developed several adequate self-loading pistols, one of which
4356-409: Was the inclusion of a 4-inch barrel. There were a limited number of these longer barrels produced to meet this need. Some barrels were shipped to the LAPD to be added and some were shipped directly from the factory already assembled in the pistols. However, BUSA had offered these barrels for sale to military/law enforcement officers for $ 198 only for a brief period. Some of these pistols were converted to
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