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67-677: To meet the requirement issued by the French Ministry of Defence for a more potent cruise missile capable of being launched from surface vessels and submarines, and able to strike strategic and military targets from extended standoff ranges with even greater precision, MBDA France began development of the Missile de Croisière Naval ("Naval Cruise Missile") or MdCN in 2006 to complement the SCALP. The first firing test took place in July 2013 and

134-468: A 39.5 acre (16.5 hectares) ground. Hexagone Balard is the most secured building in continental Europe. Its nickname "Hexagon" was given to the project because of the shape of the ministry building. The center of the quadrilateral that forms the whole of the West plot consists of two buildings of hexagonal shape. Missile Technology Control Regime The Missile Technology Control Regime ( MTCR )

201-565: A case by case basis. Greatest restraint is applied to what are known as Category I items. These items include complete rocket systems (including ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and sounding rockets) and unmanned air vehicle systems (including cruise missiles systems, target and reconnaissance drones) with capabilities exceeding a 300km/500kg range/payload threshold; production facilities for such systems; and major sub-systems including rocket stages, re-entry vehicles, rocket engines, guidance systems and warhead mechanisms. The remainder of

268-1016: A cave complex south west of the city of Erbil in northern Iraq, where a significant number of ISIS fighters were reported, marking the first combat use of the Storm Shadow from the Typhoon. On 11 May 2023, the United Kingdom announced that it was supplying Storm Shadows to the Ukrainian military during the Russian invasion of Ukraine . This followed a pledge from the UK in February 2023 to send Ukraine long-range missiles in response to Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure . Ukraine has insisted it would not use such weapons on Russian territory. UK Defence Minister Ben Wallace emphasized

335-526: A contribution to delivery systems (other than manned aircraft) for such weapons. In this context, the MTCR places particular focus on rockets and unmanned aerial vehicles capable of delivering a payload of at least 500 kilograms (1,100 lb) to a range of at least 300 kilometres (190 mi) and on equipment, software, and technology for such systems. The MTCR is not a treaty and does not impose any legally binding obligations on partners (members). Rather, it

402-496: A conventional warhead of 450 kilograms (990 lb). It has a maximum body diameter of 48 centimetres (19 in) and a wingspan of three metres (120 in). It is propelled at Mach 0.8 by a Microturbo TRI 60-30 turbojet engine and has a range of approximately 250 km (130 nmi; 160 mi). The weapon can be launched from a number of different aircraft—the Saab Gripen , Dassault Mirage 2000 , Dassault Rafale ,

469-409: A crash point instead of risking inaccuracy. Enhancements reported in 2005 included the capability to relay target information just before impact and usage of one-way (link back) data link to relay battle damage assessment information back to the host aircraft, under development under a French DGA contract. At the time, inflight re-targeting capability using a two-way data link was planned. In 2016, it

536-507: A payload of 500 kilograms (1,100 lb) for 300 kilometres (190 mi). The MTCR applies to exports to members and non-members. An aide-mémoire attached to the agreement says that it does not supersede prior agreements, which NATO members say allows the supply of Category 1 systems between NATO members. An example is the export by the United States of Trident missiles to the United Kingdom for nuclear-weapons delivery. At

603-758: A strike against the Sevastopol port, seriously damaging the Rostov na Donu submarine and seriously damaging (according to some sources, beyond repair) the Ropucha-class landing ship Minsk . On 22 September 2023, at least three Storm Shadow and/or SCALP missiles hit the Black Sea Fleet headquarters in Sevastopol. According to the Ukraine military, the missile attack targeted a meeting of

670-636: A strike which involved the Storm Shadow killed Major General Sergey Goryachev in Zaporizhzhia Oblast . At the time he was Chief of Staff of the 35th Combined Arms Army . On 22 June, the Chonhar road bridge connecting Crimea with Kherson Oblast was struck by a Storm Shadow missile to interrupt Russian logistics. A largely intact Storm Shadow crashed in Zaporizhzhia in early July. TASS claimed Russian forces had shot it down and recovered

737-506: A variable delay fuze to control detonation of the main warhead. Intended targets are command, control and communications centres; airfields; ports and power stations; ammunition management and storage facilities; surface ships and submarines in port; bridges and other high value strategic targets. The missile is fire and forget , programmed before launch. Once launched, it cannot be controlled or commanded to self-destroy and its target information cannot be changed. Mission planners programme

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804-589: A £28 million contract to support the Storm Shadow over the next five years. RAF Tornados used Storm Shadow missiles operationally for the first time during the 2003 invasion of Iraq . Although they were yet to officially enter service, "an accelerated testing schedule" saw them employed by the RAF's 617 Squadron in the conflict. During the 2011 military intervention in Libya , the Storm Shadow/SCALP EG

871-452: Is a multilateral export control regime . It is an informal political understanding among 35 member states that seek to limit the proliferation of missiles and missile technology. The regime was formed in 1987 by the G-7 industrialized countries . The MTCR seeks to limit the risks of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) by controlling exports of goods and technologies that could make

938-625: Is an informal political understanding among states that seek to limit the proliferation of missiles and missile technology. The Regime’s documents include the MTCR Guidelines and the Equipment, Software and Technology Annex. The Guidelines define the purpose of the MTCR and provide the overall structure and rules to guide the member countries and those adhering unilaterally to the Guidelines. The Equipment, Software and Technology Annex

1005-459: Is believed two Storm Shadow and/or SCALP missiles were launched against the Russian occupied port of Feodosia with the Russian landing ship Novocherkassk being hit and turned into a burning wreck. At a news conference on 28 May 2024, French President Macron said he permitted Ukraine to use SCALP missiles to strike targets inside Russia, a major departure from previous guidelines that restricted

1072-502: Is currently viewed as the primary source of ballistic-missile proliferation in the world, and China has supplied ballistic missiles and technology to Pakistan. China supplied DF-3A IRBMs to Saudi Arabia in 1988 before it informally agreed to follow MTCR guidelines. Israel cannot export its Shavit space-launch system due to its non-member MTCR status, although the Clinton administration allowed an import waiver for US companies to buy

1139-487: Is designed to assist in implementing export controls on MTCR Annex items. The Annex is divided into “Category I” and “Category II” items. It includes a broad range of equipment and technology, both military and dual-use, that are relevant to missile development, production, and operation. Partner countries exercise restraint in the consideration of all transfers of items contained in the Annex. All such transfers are considered on

1206-459: Is doing so. In 2020, the U.S. government announced that it would reinterpret its implementation of the MTCR to expedite sales of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to other countries. The revised U.S. policy will reinterpret how the MTCR applies to drones which travel at speeds under 800 kilometres per hour (500 mph), such as the Predator and Reaper drones (made by General Atomics ) and

1273-547: Is that US approval and data is necessary for the missiles to operate to peak performance. Matra and British Aerospace were selected as the prime contractors for the Conventionally Armed Standoff Missile (CASOM) in July 1996; their Storm Shadow missile beat submissions from McDonnell Douglas , Texas Instruments / Short Brothers , Hughes / Smiths Industries , Daimler-Benz Aerospace / Bofors , GEC-Marconi and Rafael . The Storm Shadow design

1340-818: Is the Minister of the Armed Forces . From 1947 until 2017, the Ministry was designated the Ministry of Defence ( French : Ministère de la Défense ). It is France's ministry of defense . The head of the department is the Minister of the Armed Forces . The current officeholder has been Sébastien Lecornu since 2022. He reports directly to the President of the Republic , the Commander-in-Chief of

1407-661: Is virtually identical to that used in a ballistic missile, which poses genuine potential for missile proliferation. The Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) was established in April 1987 by the G7 countries: Canada , France , Germany , Italy , Japan , the United Kingdom , and the United States . It was created to curb the spread of unmanned delivery systems for nuclear weapons , specifically systems which can carry

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1474-627: The Arms Control Association , the MTCR has been successful in helping to slow (or stop) several ballistic missile programs: "Argentina, Egypt, and Iraq abandoned their joint Condor II ballistic missile program. Brazil and South Africa also shelved or eliminated missile or space launch vehicle programs. Some former Warsaw Pact countries, such as Poland and the Czech Republic, destroyed their ballistic missiles, in part, to better their chances of joining MTCR." In October 1994,

1541-528: The Biden administration 's decision to give Ukraine the green light to use US-made long-range missiles inside Russia earlier this week. Kyiv first used ATACMS to strike a military facility in Bryansk early on 19 November. It was later reported that the 20 November strikes had allegedly hit a command post, killing Russian general Lt-Gen Valery Solodchuk and North Korean troops. Developed by France for export to

1608-764: The French Armed Forces . His mission is to organize and manage the country's Defense Policy in liaison with other departments. He is also in charge of mobilizing troops and managing the military infrastructure. He is responsible of the French Armed forces security to the Parliament . The Chief of the Defence Staff (CEMA) reports directly to the Minister. He is in charge of conducting operations, troops training, troops inspection, programming

1675-805: The Panavia Tornado , both the Italian Tornado IDS and formerly the British Tornado GR4 (now retired), and a modified Sukhoi Su-24 . Storm Shadow was integrated with the Eurofighter Typhoon as part of the Phase 2 Enhancement (P2E) in 2015, but will not be fitted to the F-35 Lightning II . The Storm Shadow's BROACH warhead features an initial penetrating charge to clear soil or enter a bunker, then

1742-752: The Royal Air Force , as well as the Exocet and Harpoon anti-ship missiles for the French Navy and Royal Navy . As of 2022, the programme was examining two complementary concepts; a subsonic, low observable missile and a supersonic , highly manoeuvrable missile. On 20 June 2023 at the Paris Air Show , Italy signed a letter of intent to join the programme. Italy confirmed its initial funding contribution in November and this also came with

1809-527: The Russian invasion of Ukraine , Storm Shadow missiles have been supplied to Ukraine in large quantities. Multiple Russian ships have been either sunk or heavily damaged by them. France, the UK and Italy are together developing the Future Cruise/Anti-Ship Weapon (FC/ASW) to replace SCALP/Storm Shadow and each nation's respective anti-ship missiles by 2028 and 2034. The missile weighs about 1,300 kilograms (2,900 lb), with

1876-514: The Armies on the following day. The Secretary-General for Administration is in charge of the general administration of the Department. He assists the Minister for: The position is held by Jean-Paul Bodin. The Direction Générale de l'Armement is the research and development service of the Department. It is in charge of furnishing equipment to all branches of the Armed Forces and creating

1943-924: The French Armed Forces, and houses the Chief of Staff of the Army , Chief of Staff of the Navy , Chief of Staff of the Air and Space Force , the Direction générale de l'armement , the General Secretary for the Administration and the Chief of the Defence Staff , while the office of the Minister of the Armed Forces stays in the Hotel de Brienne. It is a 250 000 square meters (2690978 Sq Ft) building on

2010-553: The July 2020 airstrike against Al-Watiya Air Base during the Second Libyan Civil War . The attack against the base, which housed Turkish military personnel supporting the internationally recognized Government of National Accord , injured several Turkish soldiers, destroyed their MIM-23 Hawk anti-aircraft missiles systems and their KORAL Electronic Warfare System . On 11 March 2021, two Royal Air Force Typhoon FGR4 jets operating out of RAF Akrotiri , Cyprus hit

2077-424: The MTCR member states established a "no undercut" policy: if one member denies the sale of technology to another country, all members must do likewise. China originally viewed the MTCR as a discriminatory measure by Western governments, which sold sophisticated military aircraft while restricting sales of competing ballistic missiles. It verbally agreed that it would adhere to the MTCR in November 1991, and included

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2144-461: The MTCR's, an export group. India applied for membership in June 2015 with support from Russia, France and the United States, and became a member on 27 June 2016. Pakistan is not a member of the MTCR. Although it has expressed a desire to join the group, it has not submitted an application. The Pakistani government has pledged to adhere to MTCR guidelines, and analysts believe that the country

2211-588: The RAF used four Storm Shadow missiles against an ISIS bunker in Iraq . The Storm Shadow missiles were launched from two Tornado aircraft. All four missiles scored direct hits, penetrating deep into the bunker. Storm Shadow missiles were used due to the bunker's massive construction. In October 2016 the UK Government confirmed UK-supplied missiles were used by Saudi Arabia in the conflict in Yemen . In April 2018

2278-594: The Russian Navy's leadership. "After the hit of the headquarters of the Russian Black Sea Fleet, 34 officers were killed, including the commander of the Russian Black Sea Fleet", they said. While no confirmation of Sokolov 's alleged death is known, neither has any reliable source depicted him as alive and well since the attack took place. They also claimed that the strike wounded at least 100 other Russian service personnel. On 26 December 2023 it

2345-723: The SCALP/Storm Shadow. This Missile de Croisière Naval (MdCN) , formerly dubbed SCALP Naval , became operational on the French FREMM multipurpose frigates in 2017 and on Barracuda-class submarines in June 2022, using the A70 version of the Sylver launcher on the former and the 533 mm torpedo tubes on the latter. As it is not launched from a plane like the SCALP, the MdCN uses a booster during its launch phase to break out of

2412-524: The Shavit in 1994. Over 20 countries have ballistic missile systems. The International Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation (ICOC), also known as the Hague Code of Conduct, was established in 2002. The code, which calls for restraint and care in the proliferation of ballistic missile systems capable of delivering weapons of mass destruction, has 119 members. Its mission is similar to

2479-523: The UK Government announced they used Storm Shadow missiles deployed by Panavia Tornado GR4s to strike a chemical weapon facility in Syria. According to US Marine Corps Lt. Gen. Kenneth McKenzie , the Him Shinshar chemical weapons storage facility near Homs was hit by 9 US Tomahawks, 8 British Storm Shadows, 3 French MdCN cruise missiles, and 2 French SCALP cruise missiles. Satellite images showed that

2546-510: The United Arab Emirates for use with its Mirage 2000 , modifications were made to reduce the range reportedly to 290 km (160 nmi; 180 mi) in order to comply with Missile Technology Control Regime guidelines. In 2006, MBDA France began the development of a more potent deep strike naval cruise missile to be deployed on a new series of French warships and submarines for land-attack operations in order to complement

2613-594: The United Kingdom and France from allowing Ukraine to use Western-supplied long-range missiles such as the ATACMS and Storm Shadow in strikes against Russia . On 20 November 2024, Ukraine was reported to have fired British Storm Shadow missiles into Russia for the first time. The use of Storm Shadow missiles comes after Russia launched a counteroffensive in Kursk, which was invaded by Ukrainian troops in August. It also follows

2680-400: The West that if attacked with conventional weapons Russia would consider a nuclear retaliation , in an apparent deviation from the no first use doctrine. Putin went on to threaten nuclear powers that if they supported another country's attack on Russia, then they would be considered participants in such an aggression. Experts say Putin's announcement is aimed at dissuading the United States,

2747-634: The aircraft and ordnance from being intercepted. Ukraine's Minister of Defense Oleksii Reznikov confirmed the Su-24 as the Ukrainian Air Force 's Storm Shadow launch platform, tweeting a photo of a Su-24MR with a missile on each of its inboard underwing pylons. The pylons use an adaptor derived from retired RAF Tornado GR4 aircraft. Reznikov said at the end of May that the missiles had hit 100% of their targets, although Russia's Defence Ministry has claimed to have shot some down. On 12 June,

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2814-574: The annex is regarded as Category II, which includes complete rocket systems (including ballistic missiles systems, space launch vehicles and sounding rockets) and unmanned air vehicles (including cruise missile systems, target drones, and reconnaissance drones) not covered in item I, capable of a maximum range equal to or greater than, 300km. Also included are a wide range of equipment, material, and technologies, most of which have uses other than for missiles capable of delivering WMD. While still agreeing to exercise restraint, partners have greater flexibility in

2881-417: The announcement that the programme would produce a deep-strike land-attack missile by 2028 and an anti-ship missile by 2034. French Ministry of Defence The Ministry of Armed Forces ( French : Ministère des Armées , lit.   ' Ministry of the Armies ' ) is the ministry of the Government of France in charge of managing the French Armed Forces inside and outside French soil. Its head

2948-437: The annual meeting in Oslo from 29 June to 2 July 1992, chaired by Sten Lundbo , it was agreed to expand the MTCR's scope to include nonproliferation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for weapons of mass destruction . Prohibited materials are divided into two categories, which are outlined in the MTCR Equipment, Software, and Technology Annex. Thirty-five nations are members, with India joining on 27 June 2016. According to

3015-400: The assurance in a letter from its foreign minister in February 1992. China reiterated its pledge in the October 1994 US-China joint statement. In their October 1997 joint statement, the United States and China said that they agreed "to build on the 1994 Joint Statement on Missile Nonproliferation." The Missiles and Missile-related Items and Technologies Export Control List, a formal regulation,

3082-563: The attack and its successful integration to Ukrainian Su-24 bombers. Russia claimed Ukraine used Storm Shadow missiles to strike industrial sites in Luhansk on 13 May 2023, just two days after their delivery had been announced. According to a report by Russian news outlet Izvestia , the cruise missiles are launched from specially modified Su-24 strike aircraft and fly under the cover of MiG-29 and Su-27 fighters equipped with AGM-88 HARMs . Ukrainian command also uses UAVs and ADM-160 MALD decoys to divert Russian air defenses and protect

3149-406: The best probability of target identification and penetration. During the final maneuver, the nose cone is jettisoned to allow a high resolution thermographic camera ( infrared homing ) to observe the target area. The missile then tries to locate its target based upon its targeting information ( DSMAC ). If it cannot, and there is a high risk of collateral damage , the missile is capable of flying to

3216-547: The delivery as a "calibrated, proportionate response to Russia's escalation", noting Russian use of even longer-range munitions including the Kh-47M2 hypersonic missile, 3M-54 Kalibr cruise missile, and Shahed-136 one-way attack drone. The grant of Storm Shadow missiles is a significant boost to the Ukrainian military, as they are capable of striking targets at much longer ranges than had previously been possible, including command-and-control nodes and logistics points in occupied Crimea to interrupt Russia's ability to support

3283-399: The end of December 2000 from a Mirage 2000N. The first flight of Storm Shadow missiles on the Eurofighter Typhoon took place on 27 November 2013 at Decimomannu Air Base in Italy, and was performed by Alenia Aermacchi using instrumented production aircraft 2. The SCALP EG and Storm Shadow are identical except for how they integrate with the aircraft. In July 2016, the UK's MoD awarded

3350-562: The force's future, and gathering and analyzing Intelligence. He is also in charge of maintaining relationships with other countries. The position of Chief of the Defence Staff was held by French Army General Pierre de Villiers until 20 July 2017, when he handed his resignation without an official reason. However, sources suggest that this was done as a protest against the announced defense budget cuts in contradiction to previous assurances for increased defense spending. French Army General François Lecointre took over as Chief of Staff of

3417-620: The frontline. Shortly after, France announced it would be delivering the SCALP EG, its version of the missile, to Ukraine as well. France said it was not delivering weapons capable of hitting Russian soil. The UK on 18 May confirmed Ukraine had already successfully used the Storm Shadow. Although no information was publicly disclosed regarding when exactly the French missiles were delivered to Ukraine, Ukraine's ambassador to France, Vadym Omelchenko, confirmed in an interview with LB.ua on 22 August 2023 that all SCALP missiles promised by French president Emmanuel Macron had been delivered already, likely by

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3484-600: The future equipment of the armies. The service manages more than 80 projects and commanded more than 7.5  billion euros to the national Industry in 2011. The headquarters of the Ministry of the Armies is at the Hotel de Brienne, in the 7th Arrondissement of Paris but all services have been moved to a new headquarters. On 5 November 2015, French president François Hollande inaugurated The new French Defence Ministry headquarters at Ballard Site, nicknamed Hexagone Balard or "Balardgon" about its American counterpart The Pentagon . Hexagone Balard concentrates all components of

3551-460: The missile to the target. This gives the US government veto of any sales to foreign countries under ITAR . In 2018 the French government tried to bypass this by creating a "ITAR-free" version of the missile for sale to Egypt that didn't use TERCOM. The missiles would have relied solely on GPS and inertial navigation systems to get to the target, making the missile more vulnerable to Electronic Warfare. An issue in Ukraine, where Russian jams GPS signals,

3618-419: The rules. Some of these countries, with varying degrees of foreign assistance, have deployed medium-range ballistic missiles which can travel more than 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) and are researching missiles with greater ranges; Israel and China have deployed strategic nuclear SLCMs , ICBMs and satellite-launch systems. Countries which are not MTCR members buy and sell on the global arms market; North Korea

3685-430: The ship and gain some initial velocity. Despite the fact that it was previously called SCALP Naval, it is not a variant of the Storm Shadow, has no stealth shaping, but is a more conventional, longer range sea-launched cruise missile, very similar to Tomahawk. Between 2016 and 2018, France and the United Kingdom began jointly developing a replacement for Storm Shadow/SCALP for both the French Air and Space Force and

3752-429: The site was destroyed in the attack. The Pentagon said that no missiles had been intercepted, and that the raids were "precise and overwhelming". In response, the Russian Ministry of Defence, during a press conference in Moscow, presented parts of what they claimed was a downed Storm Shadow missile. It has been suggested that Storm Shadows, deployed by either Emirati Mirages or Egyptian Rafales , could have been used in

3819-422: The time of the latter's announcement in May. Omelchenko further stated that the first batch of missiles (reported by some outlets to number 50 units) had more than proven its worth and that supplies of SCALP batches by France would continue. Previously, on August 6, a few days after the attack on the Chongar Strait railway bridge, the SCALP's operational status in Ukraine had visually been confirmed as were its use in

3886-422: The treatment of Category II transfer applications. The MTCR Guidelines specifically state that the Regime is “not designed to impede national space programs or international cooperation in such programs as long as such programs could not contribute to delivery systems for weapons of mass destruction.” MTCR partners are careful with SLV equipment and technology transfers, however, since the technology used in an SLV

3953-426: The use of foreign-supplied weapons only to occupied territory. This expansion of use is still restricted to neutralization of military facilities being used for attacks into Ukraine. In July 2024, the British Prime Minister Keir Starmer announced that the British government would allow the defensive use of Storm Shadow missiles on targets inside Russia. On 25 September 2024, Russian President Vladimir Putin warned

4020-412: The weapon with details of the target and its air defences. The missile follows a path semi-autonomously, on a low flight path guided by GPS and terrain mapping to the target area. Close to the target, the missile climbs to increase its field of view and improve penetration, matches the target stored image with its IR camera and then dives into the target. Climbing to altitude is intended to achieve

4087-449: The wreckage to study the missile's design and help develop countermeasures to it. On 9 July 2023, Storm Shadow/SCALP missile was shot down by Russian air defence and captured later. On 29 July 2023, a Storm Shadow or SCALP missile hit the Chongar Strait railway bridge linking occupied Crimea with the Kherson Oblast, landing between the two tracks on the bridge approach. On 13 September 2023, Storm Shadow and/or SCALP missiles were used in

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4154-478: Was announced that Storm Shadow would be refurbished under the Selective Precision Effects At Range 4 ( SPEAR 4 ) missile project, with the upgrade being completed in 2022. Some reports suggest a reduced capability version complying with Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) restrictions was created for export, for example to the United Arab Emirates . The missile relies on classified US-owned cartographic data, using Terrain Contour Matching or TERCOM , to guide

4221-412: Was based on Matra's Apache anti-runway cruise missile. A development and production contract was signed in February 1997, by which time Matra and BAe had completed the merger of their missile businesses to form Matra BAe Dynamics . France ordered 500 SCALP missiles in January 1998. The first successful fully guided firing of the Storm Shadow/SCALP EG took place at the CEL Biscarosse range in France at

4288-404: Was fired at pro-Gaddafi targets by French Air Force Rafales and Italian Air Force and Royal Air Force Tornados. Targets included the Al Jufra Air Base , and a military bunker in Sirte , the home town of Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi . In December 2011, Italian defence officials noted that Italian Tornado IDS aircraft had fired between 20 and 30 Storm Shadows during the Libyan Campaign. This

4355-432: Was issued in August 2002. The following year, the MTCR chair invited China to participate. China requested to join the MTCR in 2004, but membership was not offered because of concerns about the country's export-control standards. Israel, Romania and Slovakia have agreed to follow MTCR export rules, although they are not yet members. The regime has its limitations; member countries have been known to clandestinely violate

4422-426: Was successful. The MdCN has been operational on French FREMM frigates since 2017 and also equips France's Barracuda nuclear attack submarines , which entered operational service in 2022. In 2017, a joint contract to upgrade the respective Storm Shadow/SCALP stockpiles in French and British service was signed. It is expected to sustain the missile until its planned withdrawal from service in 2032. Since 2023, during

4489-486: Was the first time that Italian aircraft had fired the missile in live combat, and it was reported the missile had a 97 per cent success rate. French aircraft fired 12 SCALP missiles at ISIS targets in Syria as part of Operation Chammal . These launches took place on 15 December 2015 and 2 January 2016. It is thought that these firings may have been approved after a decision by the French MoD to reduce their inventory of SCALP missiles to reduce costs. On Sunday 26 June 2016

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