119-407: Post-Minsk II conflict Attacks on civilians Related Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 ( MH17/MAS17 ) was a scheduled passenger flight from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur that was shot down by Russian-backed forces with a Buk 9M38 surface-to-air missile on 17 July 2014, while flying over eastern Ukraine . All 283 passengers and 15 crew were killed. Contact with the aircraft, a Boeing 777-200ER ,
238-476: A trial in absentia in the Netherlands, two Russians and a Ukrainian separatist were found guilty of murdering all 298 people on board flight MH17. The Dutch court also ruled that Russia was in control of the separatist forces fighting in eastern Ukraine at the time. MH17 was Malaysia Airlines ' second aircraft loss during 2014, after the disappearance of Flight 370 four months prior on 8 March. It
357-598: A Buk launcher in Snizhne , in Donetsk Oblast , 16 kilometres (10 mi) southeast of the crash site. The reporter also saw seven separatist tanks near the town. Associated Press journalists reported that the Buk M-1 was operated by a man "with unfamiliar fatigues and a distinctive Russian accent" escorted by two civilian vehicles. The battle around Savur-Mohyla has been suggested as the possible context in which
476-454: A ceremony broadcast live on radio and television. On 9 October, a spokesman for the Dutch national prosecutor's office stated that one victim had been found with an oxygen mask around his neck; a forensic investigation of the mask for fingerprints, saliva and DNA did not produce any results and it is therefore not known how or when the mask got around the neck of the victim. By 5 December 2014,
595-630: A distinctive design, with the second jetway extending over the aircraft wing hanging from a steel cantilever structure. Recent refurbishments have seen most of these jetways replaced with a more conventional layout. Two gates feature a third jetway for handling of the Airbus A380 . Emirates was the first airline to fly the A380 to Schiphol in August 2012, deploying the aircraft on its double daily Dubai–Amsterdam service. China Southern Airlines also used
714-551: A giant", while conference delegates interviewed by the media were described as being in "total shock". On 15 July 2015, the Joep Lange Institute and the Joep Lange Chair and Fellows program was announced. The institute is meant to continue the unique combination of scientific research, pragmatism and action that characterised Joep Lange. The first funding, consisting of $ 20 million from private sources in
833-497: A height of 101 m (331 ft), was the tallest in the world when constructed in 1991. Schiphol is geographically one of the world's lowest major commercial airports. The entire airport is below sea level. The lowest point sits at 3.4 m (11 ft) below sea level: 1.4 m (4.5 ft) below the Dutch Normaal Amsterdams Peil (NAP). The runways are around 3 m (9.8 ft) below NAP. It
952-408: A man behind a translucent screen appears to paint the minutes of an analog clock by hand. Departure Hall 1 consists of Piers B and C, both of which are dedicated Schengen areas and share D-pier with Departure Hall 2. Pier B has 14 gates and Pier C has 21 gates. Departure Hall 2 consists of Piers D and E. Pier D is the largest pier and has two levels. The lower floor houses non-Schengen flights and
1071-522: A military airbase. The end of the First World War also saw the beginning of civilian use of Schiphol Airport and the airport eventually lost its military role completely. By 1940, Schiphol had four asphalt runways at 45-degree angles. The airport was captured by the German military that same year and renamed Fliegerhorst Schiphol . The airport was destroyed through bombing but at the end of the war,
1190-413: A missile. Investigators believed that the disintegration of the forward section of the fuselage started between the left-side cockpit windows and the forward, left-exit door. The cockpit section and the business class section of the aircraft began tearing into a number of pieces before the aircraft descended rapidly toward the ground. During that period of time, the left engine intake ring had also fallen off
1309-410: A new Air Traffic Control tower was completed in 1991 as the existing tower could no longer oversee all of the airport as it was further expanded. Departure Hall 3 was added to the terminal in 1993, as was another pier, G-pier. New wayfinding signage was designed that year as well by Paul Mijksenaar . A sixth runway was completed at quite some distance west of the rest of airport in 2003 and was nicknamed
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#17327761542441428-400: A new pier. Pier A will be part of Departure Hall 1, which already has Pier B (14 gates) and Pier C (21 gates). The new Pier A will have five narrow-body gates and will initially have three wide-body gates, with two more planned for a later phase. The first activities are expected to start in 2017 and to be completed in 2023. The expansions will cost about 500 million euros . First,
1547-440: A recession of air traffic and subsequently to a shortage of security staff and a walkout of baggage handlers. Queues for security check-in were reported to last for 5 hours, and many passengers missed their flights. The CEO of Schiphol Group, Dick Benschop, was forced to resign. Schiphol uses a one-terminal concept, where all facilities are located under a single roof, radiating from the central plaza, Schiphol Plaza. The terminal
1666-474: A stolen KLM van to gain airside access. The estimated value of the stones was around 75 million euros , making it one of the largest diamond robberies ever. Later in 2005, a fire broke out at the airport's detention centre, killing 11 people and injuring 15. The complex was holding 350 people at the time of the incident. Results from the investigation almost one year later showed that fire safety precautions were not in force. A national outrage resulted in
1785-636: A total of 13,239 flight hours, including 7,989 in Boeing 777s. Captain Choo had a total of 12,385 flight hours, including 7,303 in Boeing 777s. First Officer Ahmad had a total of 3,190 flight hours, including 227 in Boeing 777s. First Officer Muhamad Firdaus had a total of 4,058 flight hours, including 296 in Boeing 777s. The armed conflict in Eastern Ukraine led some airlines to avoid eastern Ukrainian airspace in early March 2014 due to safety concerns. In
1904-605: A train on the evening of 21 July, en route to Kharkiv to be flown to the Netherlands for identification. On the same day, Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak announced that the Malaysian government had reached a tentative agreement to retrieve the remains of the Malaysians who died in the crash, following any necessary forensic work. It was reported on 21 July that with 282 bodies and 87 body fragments found, there were still 16 bodies missing. An agreement had been reached that
2023-458: A typical weekday (a departure nearly every minute). The peak moment for arrivals is between 08:00 and 09:00 (with up to 52 arrivals on a weekday). Joep Lange Joseph Marie Albert " Joep " Lange ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˈjoːsəf maːˈri ˈɑlbər tɕup ˈlɑŋə] ; 25 September 1954 – 17 July 2014) was a Dutch clinical researcher specialising in HIV therapy. He served as the president of
2142-468: A wedding ceremony at Schiphol. Schiphol also has a new state-of-the-art cube-shaped Hilton Amsterdam Airport Schiphol with 433 rooms, rounded corners and diamond-shaped windows. The spacious atrium has a 41 m-high (135 ft) ceiling made of glass and is in the heart of the building. A covered walkway connects the hotel directly to the terminal. The hotel was completed in 2015. In 2012, Schiphol Group announced an expansion of Schiphol, featuring
2261-525: Is a large pre-security shopping centre and the Schiphol Airport railway station . These facilities are also attracting general visitors. The 1st floor hosts the luggage check-in lines, many of them automated, as well as various duty-free refund booths. Available seating is limited on this floor. Notable public artworks in the airport include the Schiphol clock by Maarten Baas , in which
2380-843: Is a one-way service with the return flight destined for London-City . London-Stansted is therefore not listed as a destination from Amsterdam for British Airways. Other regular users of Schiphol are the Netherlands Coastguard whose aircraft are operated by the Royal Netherlands Air Force , the Dienst Luchtvaart Politie and the Dutch Dakota Association . Typical peak moments at Schiphol Airport are between 09:00 and 11:00, and between 13:00 and 15:00 for departures, with up to 58 departures between 14:00 and 15:00 on
2499-421: Is also the deadliest aircraft shoot-down incident to date. Flight 17, which was also marketed as KLM Flight 4103 ( KL4103 ) through a codeshare agreement , was operated with a Boeing 777-2H6ER , serial number 28411, registration 9M-MRD. Powered by two Rolls-Royce Trent 892 engines and carrying 280 seats (33 business and 247 economy ), the aircraft had recorded more than 76,300 hours in 11,430 cycles before
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#17327761542442618-438: Is an "illusion to think that monotherapy with any antiretroviral agent will have a major and lasting impact on this disease" because the development of drug resistance significantly lowers the efficacy of treatment. In 1996, Lange defended the work of controversial HIV/AIDS researcher David Ho , who treated infected patients by having them swallow 20 pills a day as part of a multidrug "cocktail" regimen. Although this experiment
2737-468: Is dedicated to flights within the Schengen area. Gates G9, E18 and E24 (E24 refurbished in 2019) are equipped to handle daily Airbus A380 service by Emirates . China Southern Airlines also operated the type before withdrawing it from service at the end of 2022, leaving Emirates as the only A380 operator at Schiphol as of 2023. A new general aviation terminal was opened in 2011 on the east side of
2856-553: Is divided into three sections or halls designated 1, 2 and 3. The piers and concourses of each hall are connected so that it is possible, on both sides of security or border inspection, to walk between piers and halls, although border control separates Schengen from non-Schengen areas. The exception to this is the low-cost pier M: once airside (past security), passengers cannot access any other areas. Schiphol Airport has approximately 223 boarding gates including eighteen double jetway gates used for widebody aircraft. The airport adopted
2975-420: Is one of only eleven airports worldwide below sea level, the fifth lowest with scheduled flights, and the third lowest with international flights. Schiphol has six runways , one of which is used mainly by general aviation . The airport covers a total area of 6,887 acres (2,787 ha) of land. ^1 Beginning 15 December 2024, British Airways is operating flights from London-Stansted to Amsterdam. This
3094-535: Is one of the major hubs for the SkyTeam airline alliance . It is located 9 kilometres (5.6 mi; 4.9 nmi) southwest of Amsterdam , in the municipality of Haarlemmermeer in the province of North Holland . It is the world's third busiest airport by international passenger traffic in 2023. With almost 72 million passengers in 2019, it is the third-busiest airport in Europe in terms of passenger volume and
3213-472: Is substantially more effective than current methods for HIV prevention. Lange and his partner Jacqueline van Tongeren were passengers on Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 , which was shot down near Hrabove , Ukraine, on 17 July 2014. He was en route to Melbourne to attend the 20th International AIDS Conference , starting on 20 July. His death was mourned by his peers, with the IAS stating that they had "truly lost
3332-399: Is typically dominated by SkyTeam members such as primary airline KLM, Kenya Airways , China Airlines, China Southern Airlines, and other members. Pier G has thirteen gates. Piers F and G are non-Schengen areas. Piers H and M are physically one concourse consisting of seven shared gates and are home to low-cost airlines . Operating completely separately, H handles non-Schengen flights while M
3451-854: The 20th International AIDS Conference in Melbourne, including Joep Lange , a former president of the International AIDS Society , which organised the conference. Many initial reports had erroneously indicated that around 100 delegates to the conference were aboard, but this was later revised to six. Also on board were Dutch Senator Willem Witteveen , Australian author Liam Davison , and Malaysian actress Shuba Jay . The flight crew were captains Wan Amran Wan Hussin (49) and Eugene Choo Jin Leong (44), and first officers Ahmad Hakimi Hanapi (29) and Muhamad Firdaus Abdul Rahim (26). Captain Wan had
3570-478: The Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD) in 2009 and uniquely positioned it to fill the gap of the ‘delivery perspective’ which has been largely neglected in academic approaches to global health. AIGHD links disciplines, resources and innovative programs from academic institutions and implementing partners in both the developed and developing world, with the ultimate aim to lead
3689-541: The Donetsk People's Republic claimed possession of such a system in a since-deleted tweet . Such air defence systems cannot reliably identify and avoid civilian aircraft. The Ukrainian authorities declared in the media that this system was not operational. According to the subsequent statement of the Security Service of Ukraine , three Buk missile systems were located on militia-controlled territory at
Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 - Misplaced Pages Continue
3808-702: The Dutch Safety Board (DSB) and the Dutch-led joint investigation team (JIT), which in 2016 reported that the aircraft had been downed by a Buk surface-to-air missile launched from pro-Russian separatist-controlled territory in Ukraine . The JIT found that the Buk originated from the 53rd Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade of the Russian Federation and had been transported from Russia on the day of
3927-656: The International AIDS Society from 2002 to 2004. He was a passenger on Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 , which was shot down on 17 July 2014 over Ukraine. Lange was born on 25 September 1954 in Nieuwenhagen in the Netherlands. He was a Youth for Understanding foreign exchange student from 1971 to 1972 at Robinson High School in Tampa, Florida . He later studied medicine at the University of Amsterdam , receiving his MD in 1981 and his PhD in 1987. In 2001, he founded
4046-521: The United Nations Security Council set up an international tribunal to prosecute those deemed responsible for the downing of the aircraft. The Malaysian resolution received the support of 11 of the 15 members in the council, with three abstentions. The resolution was vetoed by Russia. The Russian government proposed an alternative draft resolution, which would not have set up a tribunal. Two parallel investigations were led by
4165-426: The airspace in the adjacent area over Russia below 32,000 feet (9,800 m) and below 53,000 feet (16,000 m). Long-distance flights typically travel at altitudes of 33,000 to 44,000 feet, so the second restriction would effectively close that airspace to civilian overflights, but the second restriction was not noted by the automated systems of Malaysian Airlines and the route was not changed. The reason given for
4284-678: The busiest in Europe in terms of aircraft movements. With an annual cargo tonnage of 1.74 million, it is the 4th busiest in Europe. AMS covers a total area of 6,887 acres (10.761 sq mi; 2,787 ha) of land. The airport is built on the single-terminal concept: one large terminal split into three departure halls. Schiphol is the principal hub for KLM and its regional affiliate KLM Cityhopper as well as for Martinair . The airport also serves as an operating base for Corendon Dutch Airlines , easyJet , Transavia , TUI fly Netherlands , and Vueling . Schiphol opened on 16 September 1916 as
4403-561: The "PharmAccess Foundation", a non-profit organisation based in Amsterdam which aims to improve access to HIV/AIDS therapy in developing countries, and he served as chairman until his death. Lange was a former president of the International AIDS Society (2002–04). Lange was also the Scientific Director of HIV[e]Ducation, an online learning system for medical doctors, nurses and counsellors working with HIV-positive people. He
4522-411: The A380 on its Beijing–Amsterdam route before removing the type from service at the end of 2022, leaving Emirates as the sole A380 operator at Schiphol Airport as of 2023. Schiphol has large shopping areas , primarily on the ground floor, as a source of revenue and as an additional attraction for passengers. Schiphol Plaza not only connects the three terminal halls but also houses other facilities. This
4641-617: The Buk installation and began pursuing legal remedies in May 2018. The Russian government denied involvement in the shooting down of the aircraft, and its account of how the aircraft was shot down has varied over time. Coverage in Russian media has also differed from that in other countries, which initially characterised it as separatist forces shooting down a "Ukrainian Air Force An-26 transport plane" before switching to blaming Ukrainian forces for shooting down MH17. On 17 November 2022, following
4760-517: The Dutch, one into the technical cause of the crash, and a separate criminal inquiry. The technical report was released on 13 October 2015, and the criminal investigation reported some of their findings in September 2016. According to the Convention on International Civil Aviation , the country in which an aviation incident occurs is responsible for the investigation, but that country may delegate
4879-556: The Dutch-led forensic team had identified the bodies of 292 out of 298 victims of the crash. In February and April 2015, new remains were found on the site, after which only two victims, both Dutch citizens, had not been identified. About 90 minutes after the incident, Ukraine closed all routes in Eastern Ukrainian airspace, at all altitudes. The incident dramatically heightened fears about airliner shoot-downs, leading to some airlines announcing that they would avoid flying over
Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 - Misplaced Pages Continue
4998-679: The KUL-AMS route for the services instead. Following the shootdown, shares in Malaysia Airlines dropped by nearly 16%. On 23 July 2014, two Ukrainian military jets were hit by missiles at the altitude of 17,000 feet (5,200 m) close to the area of the MH17 crash. According to the Ukrainian Security Council , preliminary information indicated that the missiles came from Russia. In July 2015, Malaysia proposed that
5117-543: The Netherlands on 23 July, moved there with Dutch air force C-130 and Australian C-17 transport aircraft, which landed at Eindhoven Airport just before 16:00 local time. The day after, another 74 bodies arrived. The examination and identification of the bodies was conducted at the Netherlands Army medical regiment training facility in Hilversum and was coordinated by a Dutch forensic team. On 1 August, it
5236-614: The Netherlands would co-ordinate the identification effort. A train carrying the bodies arrived at the Malyshev Factory , Kharkiv on 22 July. Dutch authorities stated that they found 200 bodies on the train when it arrived at Kharkhiv, leaving almost 100 unaccounted for. In late July, the UK Metropolitan Police sent specialist officers to Ukraine to assist with the recovery, identification and repatriation of bodies. The first remains were flown to Eindhoven in
5355-544: The Polderbaan, with the connecting taxiway bridge crossing the A5 motorway . The distance of this runway means that taxiing to and from this runway can take between 10 and 20 minutes. It also required the construction of an additional Air Traffic Control tower as the primary tower is too far away to oversee this part of the airfield. On 25 February 2005, a diamond robbery occurred at Schiphol's cargo terminal. The robbers used
5474-542: The Ukrainian army. On 6 June 2014 The International New York Times reported that surface-to-air missiles had been seized from military bases. On 11 June, the newspaper Argumenty nedeli [ ru ; de ] reported that a Buk-M1 missile launcher had been present in an area under the separatists' control. On 29 June the Russian news agencies reported that insurgents had obtained a Buk missile system after having taken control of Ukrainian military unit A-1402; and
5593-592: The accusations were false. In response to additional questions by the Dutch Safety Board, the Ukrainian authorities reported that a "provisional investigation" had revealed that the airplane had been shot down while flying at an altitude of 6,250 m. Ukrainian authorities also thought that the Su-25 could have been shot down with a Pantsir missile system from Russian territory, though they thought this less likely. On 17 July, an Associated Press journalist saw
5712-484: The aircraft before the crash, though investigators never ruled out the possibility that some were still conscious when the aircraft hit the ground. Some occupants might have suffered serious injuries that contributed to their deaths before the crash. The aircraft fell rapidly and continued disintegrating before hitting the ground. Investigators were able to determine how the aircraft disintegrated and crashed. The aircraft began disintegrating immediately after being struck by
5831-446: The aircraft did not respond. When MH17 did not respond to several calls, Dnipro Control contacted RND Control again to check if they could see the aircraft on their radar. RND Control confirmed that the airliner had disappeared. The Dutch Safety Board reported that both the cockpit voice recorder (CVR) and the flight data recorder (FDR) stopped recording at 16:20:03 local time (13:20:03 UTC). The last FDR data indicates that
5950-560: The aircraft had been shot down from Russian territory. On 16 July, the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine reported that at about 13:00 local time "terrorists" used MANPADs against a Su-25 jet which was performing a flight mission in the ATO zone . According to the report, the airplane received minor damage and was forced to make a landing. Later, the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine reported on
6069-412: The aircraft wreckage suggest that the plane might have been upside down when the rear and middle sections disintegrated, and the middle portion probably crashed inverted while travelling rearward. Investigators could not specify the exact time when each major section of the plane hit the ground. However, they estimated that the middle portion of the aircraft had impacted the ground within 1-1.5 minutes after
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#17327761542446188-553: The airfield was soon rebuilt. In 1949, it was decided that Schiphol was to become the primary airport of the Netherlands. Schiphol Airport was voted the Best Airport in Western Europe in 2020. The name Sciphol appears in an official document from 1447. According to the airport's media department, the name of Schiphol might have several origins, all contested: Schiphol Airport ranked as Europe's third busiest and
6307-429: The airport flew to and from Europe, 10.6% to and from North America and 10.1% to and from Asia; cargo volume was mainly between Schiphol and Asia (46.3%) and North America (17.6%). In 2019, 102 carriers provided a total of 332 destinations on a regular basis. The airport is built as one large terminal (a single-terminal concept), split into three departure halls, which connect again once airside. The most recent of these
6426-588: The airport, operated as the KLM Jet Center . The new terminal building has a floorspace of 6,000 m (65,000 sq ft); 1,000 m (11,000 sq ft) for the actual terminal and lounges, 4,000 m (43,000 sq ft) for office space and 1,000 m (11,000 sq ft) for parking. The centre and its activities were sold to the Swiss company Jet Aviation in October 2018 and
6545-625: The airspace to civil aviation completely. Like other countries, Ukraine receives overflight fees for commercial aircraft that fly over its territory and this may have contributed to the continued availability of civilian flight paths through the conflict zone. However, the Netherlands, where the main investigation was conducted, did not hold Ukraine accountable for not closing its airspace due to lack of evidence that it should have done so. On Thursday, 17 July 2014, Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 departed from Amsterdam Airport Schiphol Gate G3 at 12:13 CEST (10:13 UTC ), thirteen minutes later than
6664-435: The area as planned, at 15:53 local time (12:53 UTC), Dnipropetrovsk Air Control ( Dnipro Control ) asked MH17 if they could climb to FL 350 as planned, and also to maintain separation from another flight, Singapore Airlines Flight 351 (SQ351), also at FL 330. The crew asked to remain at FL 330 and the air traffic controller approved this request, moving the other flight to FL 350. At 16:00 local time (13:00 UTC),
6783-409: The beginning of the in-flight breakup. The disintegration of the plane had caused the seats, pieces of interior wall and floor, overhead compartments, and other interior structures of the aircraft to fall out. Some bodies, personal belongings, and other light objects had also fallen out of the plane. As the result of the mid-air disintegration, the debris of the plane landed in six different areas. In
6902-466: The bus station will be completely renewed with a planned opening date in 2025. A connection to the Amsterdam Metro network has been a subject of discussion and speculation since at least the 1990s. In preparation for this, a piece of land has been acquired from Chipshol . As of 2022 , the project had not moved past the proposal stage. Schiphol's growth is hampered by slot restrictions from
7021-523: The conflict zones. Shortly after the incident, it was announced that Malaysia Airlines would retire flight number MH17 and change the Amsterdam–Kuala Lumpur route to flight number MH19 beginning on 25 July 2014, with the outbound flight MH16 unchanged. In association with the retirement of the Boeing 777 aircraft type from Malaysia Airlines' fleet, Malaysia Airlines ended its service to Amsterdam on 25 January 2016, opting to codeshare with KLM on
7140-484: The country's history and culture. The 89.9 m (968 sq ft) library offers e-books and music by Dutch artists and composers that can be downloaded free of charge to a laptop or mobile device. For aviation enthusiasts, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol has a large rooftop viewing area, called the Panoramaterras. It is not accessible to connecting passengers unless they first exit the airport. Enthusiasts and
7259-461: The crash site threatening the safety of crash investigators and recovery specialists, and that all international investigators and humanitarian forces conducting searches would leave the country leaving behind a small communications and liaison team. On 22 August, the bodies of 20 Malaysians (of 43 killed in the incident) arrived in Malaysia. The government announced a National Day of Mourning, with
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#17327761542447378-501: The crash, fired from a field in a rebel-controlled area, and that the launch system returned to Russia afterwards. The findings by the DSB and JIT were consistent with earlier claims by American and German intelligence sources and claims by the Ukrainian government. On the basis of the JIT's conclusions, the governments of the Netherlands and Australia held Russia responsible for the deployment of
7497-424: The crash. The aircraft was in an airworthy condition at departure. The Boeing 777, which entered commercial service on 7 June 1995, has one of the best safety records among commercial aircraft. In June 2014, there were about 1,212 aircraft in service, with 340 more on order. The incident is the deadliest airliner shoot-down incident to date. All 283 passengers and 15 crew died. By 19 July, the airline had determined
7616-418: The crew asked for a deviation of 20 nautical miles [nmi] (37 km; 23 mi) to the left (north) off course, on airway L980, due to weather conditions. This request was also approved by Dnipro Control ATC . The crew then asked if they could climb to FL 340, which was rejected as this flight level was not available, so MH17 remained at FL 330. At 16:19 local time (13:19 UTC), Dnipro Control noticed that
7735-436: The dead and the careless handling of their bodies, but later stated they had been handled with more care than originally reported. Other media complained that credit and debit cards were being looted, and there were accusations that evidence at the crash site had been destroyed. The Guardian noted that tales of looting seemed to be exaggerated, but the chaos at the crash site risked the accidental destruction of evidence which,
7854-495: The end of their recordings, but two sound peaks are heard in the last 20 milliseconds of the CVR recording. At 16:20:03 local time (13:20:03 UTC), a Buk ground-to-air missile , which had been launched from an area southeast of the aircraft, detonated outside the airplane, just above and to the left of the cockpit. The blast and fragments of the missile severely damaged the cockpit and instantly killed three crew members in it. Evidence on
7973-414: The engine and fell in the same place as where some of these pieces fell. As the aircraft was falling, the instability and aerodynamic loads of the aircraft stressed its fuselage, resulting in further disintegration. Shortly before crashing into the ground, the rear section of the fuselage, just behind where the two wings were attached to the fuselage, was separated from the middle portion of the fuselage. At
8092-480: The entire polder of Haarlemmermeer in which the airport lies was a large lake with some shallow areas. There are multiple stories of how the place got its name. The most popular story is that in the shallow waters, sudden violent storms could claim many ships. Winds were particularly strong in the Schiphol area since the prevailing wind direction is from the southwest, and Schiphol lies in the northeastern corner of
8211-423: The field (17 December 1920), it was often called Schiphol-les-bains . The Fokker aircraft manufacturer started a factory near Schiphol airport in 1919. The end of the First World War also saw the beginning of civilian use of Schiphol Airport and the airport eventually lost its military role completely. By 1940, Schiphol had four asphalt runways at 45-degree angles, all 1,020 m (3,350 ft) or less. One
8330-553: The flight was 3.6 nmi (6.7 km; 4.1 mi) north of the centreline of its approved airway and instructed MH17 to return to the track. At 16:19 local time (13:19 UTC), Dnipro Control contacted Russian ATC in Rostov-on-Don ( RND Control ) by telephone and requested clearance to transfer the flight to Russian airspace . After obtaining permission, Dnipro Control attempted to contact MH17 for handing them off to RND Control at 16:20 local time (13:20 UTC), but
8449-694: The government. For reasons of safety and noise reduction, Schiphol is allowed to have no more than 500,000 aircraft movements until the end of 2020. A proposal to increase the limit to 540,000 movements from 2021 onwards has been postponed until a new government is formed after the elections in March 2021. As Schiphol nearly approached the limit of 500,000 in the last few years, the slot restrictions have hindered airlines to settle at Schiphol. Among airlines that have expressed interest in flying at Schiphol are Atlantic Airways , Cyprus Airways , Somon Air and SpiceJet . The Schiphol air traffic control tower, with
8568-527: The growing airport. The name of this town is remembered in the name of the present Schiphol-Rijk industrial estate. In 1967, Schiphol expanded even further with a new terminal area at its current location. Most of the 1967 terminal is still in use today (Departure Halls 1 and 2), as are parts of the original piers (now called C, D, and E). Dutch designer Benno Wissing created signage for Schiphol Airport, well known for its clear writing and thorough colour-coding; to avoid confusion, he prohibited any other signage in
8687-415: The investigation report, the position where the plane was struck by a missile is identified as the "last FDR point" because it is where the flight data recorder stopped recording. A few parts of the business class and cockpit sections landed on farm land far north of the last FDR point. The business class section and the left engine intake ring landed in the large residential area of Petropavlivka, northeast of
8806-477: The investigation to another state; Ukraine has delegated the leadership of both investigations to the Netherlands. Amsterdam Airport Schiphol Amsterdam Airport Schiphol ( IATA : AMS , ICAO : EHAM ), known informally as Schiphol Airport ( Dutch : Luchthaven Schiphol , pronounced [ˌlʏxtɦaːvə(n) ˈsxɪp(ɦ)ɔl; sxɪpˈɦɔl] ), is the main international airport of the Netherlands , and
8925-408: The lake. In English, schiphol translates to 'ship hole', a reference to many ships supposedly lost in the lake. When the lake was reclaimed, however, no shipwrecks were found. Another possible origin of the name is the word scheepshaal . A scheepshaal is a ditch or small canal in which ships would be towed from one lake to another. A third explanation would be that the name is derived from
9044-422: The last FDR point. The cockpit and the forward cargo section, including the nose landing gear, landed on farm land far southeast of the last FDR point and southwest of the village of Rozsypne. The tail and the rear fuselage sections landed farther east of the last FDR point, while the middle portion of the aircraft landed at 48°8′17″N 38°38′20″E, just northeast of them. Most of the debris of the aircraft, which were
9163-399: The left engine intake ring and left wing tip suggests that the left wing and left engine had also been hit by shrapnel from the missile. An explosive decompression occurred, tearing the forward section of the aircraft into pieces, causing the middle and rear sections to tear into three sections and depressurizing the cabin. The explosive decompression could have incapacitated most occupants of
9282-445: The middle and rear sections, landed near southwest of the village of Hrabove , north of Torez (now also known as Chystiakove). The wreckage had spread over a 50-square-kilometre (19 sq mi) area in Donetsk Oblast , eastern Ukraine. The fireball on impact is believed to have been captured on video. Photographs from the site of the crash show scattered pieces of broken fuselage and engine parts, bodies, and passports. Some of
9401-603: The missile that brought down MH17 was fired, as separatists deployed increasingly sophisticated anti-aircraft weaponry in this battle, and had brought down several Ukrainian jets in July. In April, the International Civil Aviation Organization had warned governments that there was a risk to commercial passenger flights over south-eastern Ukraine. The American Federal Aviation Administration issued restrictions on flights over Crimea , to
9520-486: The months prior to 17 July, reports circulated in the media on the presence of weapons, including surface-to-air missiles, in the hands of the rebels that were fighting the Ukrainian government in eastern Ukraine. On 26 May, a spokesperson of the Ukrainian Armed Forces stated that a surface-to-air missile system that was being used by the rebels, near Donetsk airport, had been destroyed by a helicopter of
9639-404: The nationalities of all 298 passengers and crew. The crew were all Malaysian, while over two-thirds (68%) of the passengers were Dutch. Most of the other passengers were Malaysians and Australians; the remainder were citizens of seven other countries. At least twenty family groups were on the aircraft, and eighty passengers were under the age of 18. Among the passengers were delegates en route to
9758-473: The new Pier A will be built to the southwest of Pier B, in an area currently used as a freight platform. Pier A will mainly be used for flights within Europe . Originally expected to be operational by the end of 2019, the construction of the new pier has been delayed several times and due to a conflict between the airport and the construction consortium, the construction was halted in November 2021. Schiphol
9877-410: The notice was "armed conflict in Ukraine". Russian authorities told the Dutch Safety Board the notice had been published "to create agreement with the adjoining Ukrainian airspace", but provided no clarification for the higher restriction. The airspace above Donetsk was managed by Ukraine. The Ukrainian authorities imposed restrictions for flights under 32,000 feet (9,800 m), but did not consider closing
9996-407: The number of uniform platforms, and places to stow airplanes, in recent years in two phases. A third phase is planned to expand the number of wide-body platforms to a total of twelve, with planned completion in the period 2022–2026. Schiphol, together with the public transport authority Amsterdam, is going to transform its train- and bus station. The train station will be getting more entrances and
10115-419: The one-terminal concept. Because of intense traffic and high landing fees (due to the limit of 500,000 flights a year), some low-cost carriers decided to move their flights to smaller airports, such as Rotterdam The Hague Airport and Eindhoven Airport . Many low-cost carriers, such as EasyJet and Ryanair , however, continue to operate at Schiphol, using the low-cost H pier. In 2015, Lelystad Airport
10234-426: The one-terminal concept. When finished in 2023, Schiphol will be able to handle over 70 million passengers. Due to rapid growth of Schengen passengers during 2016, Schiphol was however forced to rapidly build a temporary departure hall which opened in March 2017. Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic the construction of the fourth terminal hall has been postponed for at least two years. The airport has expanded
10353-446: The paper contended, journalists were contributing to. On 20 July, Ukrainian emergency workers, observed by armed pro-Russian separatists, began loading the remains of the passengers of MH17 into refrigerated railway wagons for transport and identification. On 21 July, pro-Russian rebels allowed Dutch investigators to examine the bodies. By this time, 272 bodies had been recovered, according to Ukrainian officials. Remains left Torez on
10472-404: The plane was at the position of 48.12715 N 38.52630538 E located west of the urban-type settlement Rozsypne (Розсипне), near Hrabove , heading east-southeast (ESE, 115°) at an altitude of 32,998 feet above sea level with a ground speed of 494 knots (915 km/h; 568 mph) and an indicated airspeed of 293 knots. The flight recorders show no sign of warning or unusual occurrence prior to
10591-572: The public can enter, free of charge, from the airport's landside. Since June 2011, it is the location for a KLM Cityhopper Fokker 100 , modified to be a viewing exhibit. Besides the Panoramaterras, Schiphol has other spotting sites, especially along the newest Polderbaan runway and at the McDonald's restaurant at the north side of the airport. Schiphol has its own mortuary , where the dead can be handled and kept before departure or after arrival. Between October 2006 and 2019, people could also hold
10710-424: The remnants of the airfield at the start of Operation Market Garden . At the end of the war, the airfield was quickly restored: the first aircraft, a Douglas DC-3 , landed on 8 July 1945. A new terminal building was completed in 1949 and it was decided that Schiphol was to become the primary airport of the Netherlands. The expansion came at the cost of a small town called Rijk, which was demolished to make room for
10829-539: The resignation of Justice Minister Piet Hein Donner (CDA) and Mayor Hartog of Haarlemmermeer. Spatial Planning Minister Sybilla Dekker (VVD) resigned as well because she bore responsibility for safety failings cited in the report. In the summer of 2022, the airport suffered the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation . It experienced extraordinarily long delays and a large number of cancelled flights, which led to
10948-633: The results of a large multicenter clinical trial with the involvement of 1,216 patients in 17 countries. According to Lange, who served as principal investigator, these findings "clearly demonstrate the comparable efficacy of nevirapine and efavirenz in HIV treatment". Two years later, he commented in an editorial for PLOS Medicine that activist groups have derailed several pre-exposure prophylaxis (PREP) clinical trials. He also expressed frustration that activist groups have prevented newer CCR5 receptor antagonists from being tested in Europe. However, Lange
11067-485: The same time, the two wing tips had fallen off from the wings of the aircraft. The tail section, which was just behind the aft exit doors, was also separated from the rear section. The pair of horizontal stabilizers and the vertical stabilizer were also separated from the tail section prior to impacting the ground. The middle portion, including the two wings and two engines, eventually crashed into farmland and its large volume of jet fuel exploded upon impact. The positions of
11186-632: The same with drugs". In 2003, Lange completed a study on the children of HIV-positive volunteer mothers in Rwanda and Uganda . He found that a baby's chance of contracting HIV falls to less than 1% if they receive anti-retroviral drugs while being nursed. The findings of the study were announced by Lange at the 2003 International AIDS Society meeting in Paris. During the 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections in Boston , Lange announced
11305-414: The scheduled departure time, and took off at 12:31 local time (10:31 UTC). It was due to arrive at Kuala Lumpur International Airport at 06:10 MYT on Friday, 18 July (22:10 UTC, 17 July). According to the original flight plan, MH17 was to fly over Ukraine at flight level 330 (33,000 feet or 10,060 metres) and then change to FL 350 around the Ukrainian city of Dnipropetrovsk . When it reached
11424-571: The second Su-25 that was attacked on the same day at about 19:00 local time near the Ukrainian-Russian border in the area of Amvrosiivka . According to the details reported by Ukraine's RNBO spokesperson Andriy Lysenko, the Ukrainian Su-25 was shot down by an R-27T medium range air-to-air missile fired by a MiG-29 jet from Russian territory while the Su-25 was at an altitude of 8,250 m. The Russian Defence Ministry said that
11543-437: The shades of yellow and green used. The new terminal building replaced the older facilities once located on what is now the east side of the airport. The A-pier (now C-pier) of the airport was modified in 1970 to allow Boeing 747 aircraft to use the boarding gates. A new pier (D, now called F) opened in 1977, dedicated to handling wide-body aircraft. The first railway station at the airport followed in 1978. The construction of
11662-491: The site, but after some days of searching the international team had "found remains of only a few victims" and concluded that "the recovery effort undertaken by local authorities immediately after the crash was more thorough than initially thought." On 6 August, the Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte announced that the recovery operation would be temporarily halted due to an upsurge in fighting around
11781-502: The south of MH17's route, and advised airlines flying over some other parts of Ukraine to "exercise extreme caution". This warning did not include the MH17 crash region. 37 airlines continued overflying eastern Ukraine and about 900 flights crossed the Donetsk region in the seven days before the Boeing 777 was shot down. Russian air traffic controllers issued a notice effective 17 July at 00:00 with two conflicting altitude restrictions in
11900-553: The time that Malaysia Airlines Boeing 777 was shot down. On the night following the downing of MH17, two Buk launcher vehicles, one of which carried three missiles, (out of a normal complement of four), was observed moving into Russia. Several aircraft from the Ukrainian Air Force were shot down in the months and days preceding the MH17 incident . On 14 June 2014, a Ukrainian Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 military transport
12019-664: The upper floor is used for Schengen flights. By using stairs, the same jetways are used to access the aircraft. Schengen gates are numbered beginning with D-59; non-Schengen gates are numbered from D-1 to D-57. Pier E is a dedicated non-Schengen area and has fourteen gates. It is typically home to SkyTeam hub airlines Delta Air Lines and KLM , along with other members, such as China Airlines and China Southern Airlines . Other Middle Eastern and Asian airlines such as Air Astana , EVA Air , Etihad Airways and Iran Air also typically operate out of Pier E. Departure Hall 3 consists of three piers: F, G, and H/M. Pier F has eight gates and
12138-483: The vicinity near Bennebroek , Vijfhuizen , and Vogelenzang to try to confuse Allied bombers. A railway connection was also built. Despite these defences, the airfield was still bombed intensively; an exceptionally heavy attack on 13 December 1943 caused so much damage that it rendered the airfield unusable as an active base. After that, it served only as an emergency landing field, until the Germans themselves destroyed
12257-644: The way to access to high quality health care for all inhabitants of this world. Lange also served on Accordia Global Health Foundation's Scientific Advisory Board. He was a member of several societies including the American Association for the Advancement of Science , American Society for Microbiology , and International AIDS Society. He received the Eijkman Medal for tropical medicine and international health in 2007. Professor Lange
12376-506: The words schip hol . This is a low-lying area of land ( hol ) from where wood would be obtained to build ships. After the lake was dredged in the mid-1800s, a fortification named Fort Schiphol was built in the area which was part of the Stelling van Amsterdam defence works. Schiphol opened on 16 September 1916 as a military airbase, with a few barracks and a field serving as platform and runways. When civil aircraft started to use
12495-530: The world's eleventh busiest by total passenger traffic in 2017 (12th in 2016, 14th in 2015, 2014 and 2013 and 16th in 2012). It also ranks as the world's fifth busiest by international passenger traffic and the world's sixteenth busiest for cargo tonnage . A record 71,706,999 passengers passed through the airport in 2019. Schiphol's main competitors in terms of passenger traffic and cargo throughput are London Heathrow , Frankfurt , Madrid , Paris–Charles de Gaulle and Istanbul . In 2019, 70.5% of passengers using
12614-430: The wreckage fell close to houses. Dozens of bodies fell into crop fields, and some fell into houses. Three other commercial aircraft were in the vicinity when the Malaysian airliner was shot down: Air India Flight 113 (AI113), a Boeing 787 en route from Delhi to Birmingham , EVA Air Flight 88 (BR88), a Boeing 777 en route from Paris to Taipei , and the closest aircraft, Singapore Airlines Flight 351 (SQ351),
12733-510: Was 33 kilometres (21 mi) away, a Boeing 777 en route from Copenhagen to Singapore . A Ukraine Foreign Ministry representative said that the bodies found at the crash site would be taken to Kharkiv for identification, 270 kilometres (170 mi) to the north. By the day after the crash, 181 of the 298 bodies had been found. Some were observed being placed in body bags and loaded onto trucks. Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte initially complained about looting of personal belongings from
12852-484: Was allowed to expand, aimed at accommodating some of the low-cost and leisure flights currently operating out of Schiphol, eventually taking up to 45,000 flights a year. To combat complaints from the community in Schiphol, Amsterdam Airport is advocating the prohibition of private jets, with the aim of minimizing noise and environmental pollution. The airport also intends to restrict takeoffs between midnight and 6 a.m. and landings between midnight and 5 a.m. Before 1852,
12971-752: Was also a founding editor of the medical journal , Antiviral Therapy . In 2006 he became Professor of Medicine at the Academic Medical Center , University of Amsterdam and Senior Scientific Advisor to the International Antiviral Therapy Evaluation Centre, Amsterdam . He was also co-director of the HIV Netherlands Australia Research Collaboration, based in Thailand. Joep Lange established
13090-468: Was announced that a search and recovery mission, including about 80 forensic police specialists from the Netherlands, Malaysia and Australia, and led by Colonel Cornelis Kuijs of the Royal Marechaussee , would use drones , sniffer dogs , divers and satellite mapping to search for missing body parts at the crash site. Australian officials had believed that as many as 80 bodies were still at
13209-469: Was completed in 1994 and expanded in 2007 with a new section, called Terminal 4, although it is not considered a separate building. A new pier is to be opened in 2019 with a terminal extension planned to be operational by 2023. Plans for further terminal and gate expansion exist, including the construction of a separate new terminal between the Zwanenburgbaan and Polderbaan runways that would end
13328-475: Was criticised for neglecting the needs of sex workers in the trials, and other researchers asserted that the concerns raised by activists are "entirely legitimate" since the known toxic effects of so-called 'pre-exposure' drugs will lead to liver failure and kidney disease, thereby killing people rather than protecting them. From 2010 to 2012, Lange was a regular participant in the annual Bangkok International Symposium on HIV Medicine, where he argued that PREP
13447-543: Was disappointed in the construction speed and the rising of the total cost, although insiders announced that a design flaw was made and the entire construction needed to be reinforced. A new tendering procedure will be started to find a new constructor, once found a new completion date will be announced. To handle future growth in passengers, Schiphol will further expand by building a fourth terminal hall with facilities for both departures and arrivals. From this new building, direct access will be made to Schiphol Plaza, continuing
13566-416: Was extended to become today's runway 04/22; two others crossed that runway at 52°18′43″N 4°48′00″E / 52.312°N 4.800°E / 52.312; 4.800 . The airport was captured by the German military that same year and renamed Fliegerhorst Schiphol . A large number of anti-aircraft defences were installed in the vicinity of the airport and fake decoy airfields were constructed in
13685-411: Was heavily criticised, Lange explained to The Wall Street Journal that "David's work in the past few years has helped to completely transform our understanding of HIV". Lange was also an important advocate for providing affordable AIDS medication to African countries, stating at one point that "(i)f we can get cold Coca-Cola and beer to every remote corner of Africa, it should not be impossible to do
13804-511: Was lost when it was about 50 kilometres (31 mi; 27 nmi) from the Ukraine–Russia border , and wreckage from the aircraft landed near Hrabove in Donetsk Oblast , Ukraine, 40 km (25 mi; 22 nmi) from the border. The shoot-down occurred during the war in Donbas over territory controlled by Russian separatist forces . The responsibility for investigation was delegated to
13923-483: Was rebranded as Jet Aviation Amsterdam. The Rijksmuseum operates an annex at the airport, offering a small overview of both classical and contemporary art. Admission to the exhibits is free, but requires a plane ticket as it is situated in the passenger transit zone. In the summer of 2010, Schiphol Airport Library opened alongside the museum, providing passengers access to a collection of 1,200 books (translated into 29 languages) by Dutch authors on subjects relating to
14042-455: Was shot down on approach to Luhansk International Airport , with loss of nine crew members and forty troops. On 14 July 2014, a Ukrainian Air Force An-26 transport aircraft flying at 6,500 m (21,300 ft) was shot down. The militia reportedly claimed via social media that a Buk missile launcher, which they had previously seized and made operational, had been used to bring down the aircraft. American officials later said evidence suggested
14161-580: Was the inaugural principal investigator of the Tanzania Test & Treat project in Shinyanga, Tanzania. The Test & Treat initiative was public-private partnership between The Vatican, Gilead Sciences and two last mile NGOs supporting HIV scale-up in Tanzania. During the mid-1990s, Lange began advocating for the use of combination therapy in the management of HIV/AIDS . He argued that it
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