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33-753: The range was photographed from aircraft of the United States Antarctic Service Expedition , 1939–41, and surveyed by A.P. Crary , leader of the U.S. Ross Ice Shelf Traverse, 1957–58. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 2008 after Karl A. Erb who played a major role in guiding the United States Antarctic Program as both the National Science Foundation (NSF) Senior Science Advisor in

66-686: A product of hydrothermal alteration of various minerals ( feldspars , micas , pyroxenes , amphiboles , garnets , and others) composing igneous rocks . A rock composed of quartz and epidote is known as epidosite . Well-developed crystals are found at many localities: Knappenwand, near the Großvenediger in the Untersulzbachthal in Salzburg , as magnificent, dark green crystals of long prismatic habit in cavities in epidote schist, with asbestos , adularia , calcite , and apatite ;

99-479: A shipboard accident, Nov. 8, 1957. 84°32′S 177°52′W  /  84.533°S 177.867°W  / -84.533; -177.867 . A prominent peak 1,270 metres (4,170 ft) high, with a large, bare cirque in the north slope, standing near the edge of the Ross Ice Shelf, just E of the lower part of Kosco Glacier and 3.5 nautical miles (6.5 km; 4.0 mi) SW of Oppegaard Spur. Discovered by

132-530: Is a mineral readily altered by hydration, becoming optically isotropic and amorphous : for this reason several varieties have been distinguished, and many different names applied. Orthite was the name given by Jöns Berzelius in 1818 to a hydrated form found as slender prismatic crystals, sometimes a foot in length, at Finbo, near Falun in Sweden . Dollaseite is less common, famous from the Ostanmossa mine in

165-632: Is composed of epidote. These include Unakite and Australian Dragon Bloodstone. Belonging to the same isomorphous group with epidote are the REE-rich allanite (containing primarily lanthanum , cerium , and yttrium ), and the manganese -rich piemontite . Piemontite occurs as small, reddish-black, monoclinic crystals in the manganese mines at San Marcel, near Ivrea in Piedmont, and in crystalline schists at several places in Japan . The purple color of

198-928: The Bear of Oakland , commissioned as the USS Bear (AG-29) on 11 September 1939. A second ship, the USMS North Star , a 1434-ton wooden ice ship built for the Bureau of Indian Affairs , was supplied by the Department of the Interior. A total of 125 men departed from the United States in the two ships of the United States Antarctic Service Expedition. Most of the men who made up the expedition were solicited from

231-537: The Egyptian porfido rosso antico is due to the presence of this mineral. Allanite and dollaseite-(Ce) have the same general epidote formula and contain metals of the cerium group. In external appearance allanite differs widely from epidote, being black or dark brown in color, pitchy in lustre, and opaque in the mass; further, there is little or no cleavage, and well-developed crystals are rare. The crystallographic and optical characters are similar to those of epidote;

264-494: The Mincey Glacier , Thanksgiving Point, Mount Greenlee, Held Glacier , Epidote Peak, Geyasimou Glacier , Mount Cole, Forman Glacier , Mount Franke, Mount Wasko, McGinnis Peak, Oppegaard Spur and Mount Speed. Features, from north to south, include: 84°30′S 176°50′W  /  84.500°S 176.833°W  / -84.500; -176.833 . A roughly circular, mound-shaped mountain with several low summits at

297-467: The monoclinic system, are of frequent occurrence: they are commonly prismatic in habit, the direction of elongation being perpendicular to the single plane of symmetry. The name Epidote is derived from the Greek word 'epidosis', meaning "increase", in allusion to the crystal characteristic of one longer side at the base of the prism. The faces are often deeply striated and crystals are often twinned. Many of

330-830: The Ala valley and Traversella in Piedmont ; Arendal in Norway ; Le Bourg-d'Oisans in Dauphiné ; Haddam in Connecticut ; Prince of Wales Island in Alaska , here as large, dark green, tabular crystals with copper ores in metamorphosed limestone. The perfectly transparent, dark green crystals from the Knappenwand and from Brazil have occasionally been cut as gemstones . The green part of several mixed-rock ornamental stones

363-508: The Texas Tech Shackleton Glacier Party (1962-63) because they reached this point on Thanksgiving Day, 1962. 84°53′S 177°28′W  /  84.883°S 177.467°W  / -84.883; -177.467 . The snowcapped summit, 2,440 metres (8,010 ft) high, of a buttress-type escarpment at the extreme southeast end of Anderson Heights, between Mincey Glacier on the south and Shackleton Glacier on

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396-457: The USAS (1939–41), and surveyed by A.P. Crary (1957–58). Named by Crary for Lt. Cdr. Frank Wasko, USNR, of Squadron VX-6 at Little America V in 1957-58. 84°37′S 177°04′W  /  84.617°S 177.067°W  / -84.617; -177.067 . A prominent mountain (1,600 metres (5,200 ft)), with much rock exposed on its north side, standing between Mount Wasko and Mount Cole along

429-573: The USAS, 1939-41. Surveyed by A.P. Crary in 1957-58, and named by him for Lyle McGinnis, seismologist with the United States Victoria Land Traverse Party in 1958-59. 84°34′S 176°58′W  /  84.567°S 176.967°W  / -84.567; -176.967 . A double-peaked, saddle-shaped mountain 1,170 metres (3,840 ft) high, on the west side of Shackleton Glacier, 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) north of Mount Franke. Discovered by

462-485: The broad scope of the objectives and the unpredictable circumstances that always arise in Antarctica , it is remarkable that most of the objectives set for them were met. The expedition also took a M2A2 Light Tank , and a T3E4 Carrier, both of which performed well, but were too heavy for the terrain and were abandoned. The visionary but ill-fated Antarctic Snow Cruiser , a vehicle having several innovative features,

495-462: The characters of the mineral vary with the amount of iron present for instance, the color, the optical constants, and the specific gravity. The color is green, grey, brown or nearly black, but usually a characteristic shade of yellowish-green or pistachio-green. It displays strong pleochroism , the pleochroic colors being usually green, yellow and brown. Clinozoisite is green, white or pale rose-red group species containing very little iron, thus having

528-500: The continent of Antarctica during the expedition. Gibbs served as a Mess Attendant 1st Class aboard the USS Bear but also worked as a cook and performed other tasks with the expedition. With international tensions on the rise, it was considered wise to evacuate the two bases rather than relieve the present personnel with new men who would continue to occupy the bases. It was hoped that one day this base would be reoccupied, so much of

561-696: The discretion of the Secretary of the Navy—;be presented to members of the United States Antarctic Expedition of 1939-1941, in recognition of their valuable services to the nation in the field of polar exploration and science. The following is a partial list of expedition members. Epidote Epidote is a calcium aluminium iron sorosilicate mineral . Well developed crystals of epidote, Ca 2 Al 2 (Fe ;Al)(SiO 4 )(Si 2 O 7 )O(OH), crystallizing in

594-603: The east part of the Bush Mountains. Discovered and photographed by United States Navy Operation Highjump (1946-47) on the flights of Feb. 16, 1947, and named by US-ACAN for Lt. George H. Anderson, United States Navy, pilot of Flight 8 of that date from Little America to the South Pole and return. United States Antarctic Service Expedition The United States Antarctic Service Expedition (1939–1941) , often referred to as Byrd's Third Antarctic Expedition ,

627-575: The east. Discovered and photographed by United States Navy Operation Highjump (1946-47) on the flights of Feb. 16, 1947, and named by US-ACAN for Capt. Raymond J. Butters, USMC, navigator of Flight 8A. 84°49′S 178°15′W  /  84.817°S 178.250°W  / -84.817; -178.250 . A roughly rectangular snow-covered tableland, 7 nautical miles (13 km; 8.1 mi) long and 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) wide, with an elevation somewhat over 2,400 metres (7,900 ft) high, located between Mount Bennett and Mount Butters in

660-700: The edge of Ross Ice Shelf , standing at the west side of the mouth of Shackleton Glacier . Discovered by the United States Antarctic Service Expedition (USAS) (1939–41), and surveyed by Albert P. Crary , leader of the United States Ross Ice Shelf Traverse (1957–58). Named by Crary for Lieutenant Harvey G. Speed, United States Navy , Squadron VX-6 , who wintered at Little America V in 1957. 84°29′S 177°22′W  /  84.483°S 177.367°W  / -84.483; -177.367 . A narrow rock spur, 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) long, extending northwest from

693-465: The equipment and supplies were left behind as the two ships sailed from West Base on February 1, 1941. The evacuation of East Base was concluded on March 22 and both ships sailed immediately. The USMS North Star arrived in Boston on May 5 and the USS Bear on May 18. On September 24, 1945, Congress directed (Public Law 79-185, 59 Stat. 536) that such number of gold, silver, and bronze medals —at

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726-665: The mid 1990s and subsequently as Director of the Office of Polar Programs from 1998 until 2007 and beyond. During his tenure as the Senior Science Advisor, he helped to guide NSF through the process of justifying and then securing Congressional funding for the redevelopment of the South Pole Station . Extending north from Anderson Heights the features along the west side of the lower Shackleton Glacier include (from south to north) Mount Butters, just north of

759-522: The military ranks, civilian agencies of government and scientific institutions. A few volunteers were employed by the Department of the Interior for $ 10 per month, food and clothing included. A total of 59 men, divided initially into three groups, wintered in Antarctica. The objectives of the expedition were outlined in an order from President Franklin D. Roosevelt dated November 25, 1939. The President wanted two bases to be established: East Base , in

792-416: The mouth of Held Glacier, overlooking the west side of Shackleton Glacier. So named by the Texas Tech Shackleton Glacier Party (1964-65) because of the abundance of the mineral epidote which gives the peak a spotted appearance. 84°51′S 177°00′W  /  84.850°S 177.000°W  / -84.850; -177.000 . A steep-sided, jagged mountain (2,030 m) of metamorphic rock which overlooks

825-418: The pleochroism is strong with reddish-, yellowish-, and greenish-brown colors. Although not a common mineral, allanite is of fairly wide distribution as a primary accessory constituent of many crystalline rocks, gneiss , granite , syenite , rhyolite , andesite , and others. It was first found in the granite of east Greenland and described by Thomas Allan in 1808, after whom the species was named. Allanite

858-400: The same chemical composition as the orthorhombic mineral zoisite . The name, due to Haüy , is derived from the Greek word "epidosis" (ἐπίδοσις) which means "addition" in allusion to one side of the ideal prism being longer than the other. Epidote is an abundant rock-forming mineral, but one of secondary origin. It occurs in marble and schistose rocks of metamorphic origin. It is also

891-590: The southwest portion of Mount Speed, standing just east of Kosco Glacier where the latter enters Ross Ice Shelf. Discovered and photographed by the United States Antarctic Service, 1939–41. Named by United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Richard D. Oppegaard, Seaman Apprentice, United States Navy, a member of the United States Naval Support Force, Antarctica, who lost his life in

924-484: The vicinity of Charcot Island or Alexander I Land , or on Marguerite Bay if no accessible site could be found on either of the specified islands; and West Base, in the vicinity of King Edward VII Land , but if this proved impossible, a site on the Bay of Whales at or near Little America was to be investigated, and delineation of the continental coast line between the meridians 72 degrees W., and 148 degrees W. In view of

957-428: The west side of Shackleton Glacier just east of Mount Butters. Named by F. Alton Wade, leader of the Texas Tech Shackleton Glacier Party (1962-63), for David W. Greenlee, a member of the party. 84°56′S 177°00′W  /  84.933°S 177.000°W  / -84.933; -177.000 . A conspicuous rock nunatak at the west side of Shackleton Glacier, just north of the mouth of Mincey Glacier. So named by

990-399: The west side of Shackleton Glacier, Discovered and photographed by the USAS, 1939–41. Surveyed by A.P. Crary in 1957-58 and named by him for Lt. Cdr. Willard J. Franke, USN, of USN Squadron VX-6, who wintered at Little America V, 1958. 84°40′S 177°08′W  /  84.667°S 177.133°W  / -84.667; -177.133 . A mountain over 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) high on

1023-595: The west side of Shackleton Glacier, between the mouths of Forman and Gerasimou Glaciers. Discovered and photographed by United States Navy Operation Highjump, 1946-47. Named by US-ACAN for Nelson R. Cole, Aviation Machinist's Mate with USN Squadron VX-6, who lost his life in a helicopter crash in the McMurdo Sound area in July 1957. 84°46′S 176°56′W  /  84.767°S 176.933°W  / -84.767; -176.933 . A prominent rock peak just north of

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1056-487: Was an expedition jointly sponsored by the United States Navy , State Department , Department of the Interior and The Treasury . Although a U.S.-government sponsored expedition, additional support came from donations and gifts by private citizens, corporations and institutions. Rear Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd donated many of the supplies that he had gathered for his own expedition, the largest item being

1089-406: Was used by the expedition but it generally failed to operate as hoped for under the difficult conditions and was eventually abandoned in Antarctica. It was rediscovered in 1958 but has since been presumed to have been lost due to the breaking off and eventual melting of the ice floe it was on. Aboard the USS Bear was George Washington Gibbs Jr. who became the first African-American to set foot on

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