30-525: Mount Warning ( Bundjalung : Wollumbin ), a mountain in the Tweed Range in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales , Australia , was formed from a volcanic plug of the now-gone Tweed Volcano . The mountain is located 14 kilometres (9 mi) west-south-west of Murwillumbah , near the border between New South Wales and Queensland . Lieutenant James Cook saw the mountain from
60-598: A depression at the top that has greatly eroded. Today the vast areas that were part of the volcano include many mountains and ranges at some distance from Mount Warning, and include the Border Ranges , Tamborine Mountain , the McPherson Range and both the Lamington Plateau and Springbrook Plateaus . The erosion caldera formed since this eruption is easily visible around the summit and forms
90-522: A documentary called Surfing the Healing Wave about that competition, as part of an Unfinished Business - Reconciling the Nation series. It won Best Australian Documentary at the 2000 Real Life on Film Festival. Fingal is not particularly noted as a surf spot as such. The headland does not form a point break on either side, so it is just beach breaks that occur there, but the southern side is one of
120-468: A forty minute uphill walk to the ascent for anyone attempting to climb the mountain; and the path on the mountain itself had deteriorated badly in places. In late October 2022 NSW authorities did go ahead and ban public access to Wollumbin National Park, to be enforced with heavy fines. This was soon followed by a video posting showing a hiker flouting the ban. There has been significant backlash in
150-475: A point of land he named Cape Byron. Just five hours later while sailing North, Cook was forced to change course to the East after encountering the dangerous reefs that run 3 miles to the East from Fingal Head , now named Danger Reefs (Inner, South, and Outer reefs). The next morning, Cook recorded: "…We now saw the breakers [reefs] again within us which we past at the distance of 1 League [5 km], they lay in
180-684: Is endemic to the slopes of the mountain. Wollumbin is a place of cultural and traditional significance to the Bundjalung people and contains sacred sites, where particular ceremonies and initiation rites are performed. The summit area of the Mountain is a declared Aboriginal Place under the National Parks and Wildlife Act . While now spelt Wollumbin, the Aboriginal word had numerous alternative spellings which are recorded in
210-474: Is Cook Island, a rocky uninhabited island first charted by James Cook in 1770. The interlocking basalt columns on the north-east side of Fingal Head were called the "Giants Causeway", named after the famous Giants Causeway between Northern Ireland and Western Scotland. The Fingal Caves located on the south side of Fingal Head, were destroyed and used in the early 1900s for the Tweed Break water. Cook Island
240-547: Is conspicuous enough to be distinguished from everything else. The point off which these shoals lay I have named Point Danger to the northward of it the land which is low trends NWBN but we soon found that it did not keep that direction long before it turned again to the northward." The mountain is now protected by the surrounding Wollumbin National Park , and access is regulated by the New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service . Mount Warning
270-524: Is part of the United Nations World Heritage -listed Gondwana Rainforests of Australia . Over 100,000 people a year make the 8.8-kilometre (5.5 mi), five-hour round-trip trek to the top from Breakfast Creek . An ascent of the mountain takes approximately 1½ to 3½ hours (one way) and requires a good level of fitness. There are also viewing platforms at the summit. The total journey is 8.8 km (5.5 mi). In March 2020
300-630: The Brunswick River in the winter months of 1840. It first appears on a map published By Dixon in Sydney in 1842. Dixon's party was also assisted at that time by the master and crew of the schooner Letitia, which they found had entered the Tweed. Hence the naming of Letitia Point. There is also every suggestion that Dixon made reference to the Giant's Causeway. It is highly probable that "Fingal Head"
330-466: The Lat de of 38°..8' [later changed to 28°..8'] & stretch off East two Leagues [10 km] from a point under which is a small Island. There situation may always be found by the peaked mountain before mentioned which bears SWBW from them this and on this account I have named Mount Warning it lies 7 or 8 Leagues [35-40 km] inland in the latitude of 28°..22" S° the land is high and hilly about it but it
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#1732779592944360-506: The Mountain as the Warrior Chief, a special place of significance for brush turkey, and the cloud catcher. Many more stories exist that are not in the public record. The name Wollumbin refers to the whole of the central vent and its surrounding ring dykes. The Bundjalung people observe cultural and traditional restrictions forbidding the uninitiated from climbing the mountain, and, as such, ask that others also do not attempt to climb
390-546: The New South Wales and Queensland border. The village is often just called Fingal. The headland and the small off-shore Island ( Cook Island ) were first sighted by James Cook about 17:00 on 16 May 1770 (log date and time). At the time of the 2021 census , Fingal Head had a population of 592 people. The Tweed River, (named by John Oxley in October 1823) on the north coast of New South Wales runs northwards close to
420-538: The New South Wales government implemented the Tweed Sand Bypassing to transport sand under the river by pump on to northern beaches. The headland, Cook Island and the Danger Reefs, were made from a lava flow from the now extinct Tweed Volcano . The rock composition in the area is mainly basalt or andesite . There are walking tracks all over this area. About 500 metres offshore from the headland
450-598: The South of Point Danger. At 5 passed close to a Bold Headland [Present-day Point Danger]about 3 Miles North of Pt.D. ( Point Danger ) On the South Side of this headland we had the satisfaction to discover a considerable river with an apparent clear entrance." ( Tweed River ) John Uniack and later Oxley went onto the island, where they found some sea turtles and called the island "Turtle Island". In 1828 Henry John Rous (Captain of HMS Rainbow ) surveyed Oxley's Tweed River ,
480-831: The Tweed was laid to rest in Fingal's Aboriginal cemetery following a service conducted at the mission church. Fingal Head Post Office opened on 15 March 1912, uprated from a telegraph office opened in October 1911. In the 2011 census , Fingal Head recorded a population of 544 people, 48% female and 52% male. The median age of the Fingal Head population was 42 years, 5 years above the national median of 37. 77% of people living in Fingal Head were born in Australia. The other top responses for country of birth were England 3.1%, New Zealand 2.8%, Hong Kong 0.6%, Germany 0.6%, Czech Republic 0.6%. 88.8% of people spoke only English at home;
510-559: The Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.226 via cp1108 cp1108, Varnish XID 220208053 Upstream caches: cp1108 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 07:39:53 GMT Fingal Head (New South Wales) Fingal Head is a village on the Tasman Sea coast in the far northeast of New South Wales , Australia , about 5 km south of
540-556: The coast for about 6 km before reaching its mouth just south of present-day Point Danger. A spit about 500–800 metres wide called "Letitia Spit" (named after the first ship to enter the river in July 1840) runs south for 2 km to Fingal Head. Longshore drift moves 500,000 cubic metres of sand per year northwards past Letitia Spit. The sand would fill the Tweed River entrance unpredictably and sometimes completely. In response
570-687: The community surrounding the closure. Many have argued that the track was closed primarily due to complaints from some in the Aboriginal community, not due to safety concerns and the track was in fact still usable. In 2024, Libertarian politician John Ruddick led a petition to reopen the track which garnered over the required 10,000 signatures to trigger a debate in the New South Wales Legislative Council on 9 May 2024. [REDACTED] Mount Warning travel guide from Wikivoyage Yugambeh%E2%80%93Bundjalung languages Too Many Requests If you report this error to
600-592: The headland itself adds additional height. Thus the focal plane of the lightsource is situated 24 m above sea level. In 1920 the lightsource was changed from kerosene to acetylene and became automated. It was electrified in 1980. The light characteristic is a single flash every five seconds. Depending on the bearing , red light is shown in the east sector while the other sectors show white. Since 1996 Fingal has hosted an annual surfing competition for indigenous surfers. The first year attracted 90 surfers from across Australia. In 1999, SBS television commissioned
630-456: The historic record including; Walumban, Walumbin, and Wooloombin, all referring to the same place. In 1873 reference can be found to the Mountain being referred to by Aboriginal people as "Wollumbin", signifying "big fellow mountain". The Aboriginal significance of the area is contextual and dependant on direction of observance, gender, and status of whoever is telling the story. Several different stories exist about Wollumbin including reference to
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#1732779592944660-583: The mountain. The government National Parks and Wildlife Service advertise this request and do not encourage climbers to hike the Mt. Warning/Wollumbin Trail up the mountain, but it is not forbidden by park regulations. In 2005 the name "Mount Wollumbin" was removed from a peak nearby to Mount Warning by the Geographical Names Board. This mountain is also referred to as Mount Ivy and Mount Dum Dum and
690-518: The name used today. A chart published in 1831 by the Master of the "Rainbow" showing the island as "Cook's Isle" and the river named the "Clarance River" - the unnamed headland, North of the river was also named Point Danger. However the off-shore reefs East of the Island were not marked. Fingal Head would be named as such by Surveyor Robert Dixon who mapped the coastal districts between Brisbane Town and
720-414: The next most common languages were 0.6% Bandjalang, 0.6% Italian, 0.6% Gumbaynggir, 0.6% Czech. A provisional light station was established on the head in 1872 and in 1878 a proper lighthouse, built as a sandstone construction in a round design, was inaugurated. It was part of a series of five such lighthouses established between 1878 and 1880. The tower stands only seven metres high, but that suffices since
750-543: The rim of the Tweed Valley . During the last stages of eruption, different and more resistant forms of lava that were cooler than those flows that created the shield volcano remained to form the current peak. The whole central Mount Warning massif was also pushed up by forces that remained active after lava eruptions had stopped. A species of frog , the Mount Wollumbin hip-pocket frog ( Assa wollumbin )
780-493: The sea and named it Mount Warning, believing he was the first person to ever see it. Wollumbin is the central volcanic remnant of an ancient shield volcano , the Tweed Volcano , which would have been about 1,900 m (6,200 ft) above sea level or just under twice the height of the current mountain. This volcano last erupted around 23 million years ago. As the mountain's central vent cooled it shrank, forming
810-519: The summit track was closed by National Parks NSW citing safety concerns, to be reviewed in May 2021. However, in February 2021 documents obtained through Freedom Of Information revealed that the track and surrounding area has actually been secretly scheduled to be permanently closed. As of August 2022 park authorities had placed a barrier on the access road several kilometres from the trailhead. This would add
840-463: Was believed to be named Mount Wollumbin in error. In 2006 the Geographical Names Board assigned dual naming to Mount Warning, to also be known by its indigenous name of Wollumbin. The name Wollumbin refers the whole of the central vent and its surrounding ring dykes. On 16 May 1770, Captain James Cook was the first European to record seeing "… a remarkable sharp peaked Mountain lying inland…" from
870-435: Was made a marine reserve in 1998 and as such fishing is prohibited in the waters nearby. There has been controversy over the naming of Fingal Head by James Cook in May 1770 for many years. Strong evidence suggests that Fingal Head was, in fact, the point James Cook named Point Danger. In 1823, John Oxley took shelter from Southerly winds, while sailing North from Port Macquarie . "At 3 made sail intending to anchor to
900-550: Was named after Fingal's Cave on the island of Staffa in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland because of the similarity in appearance due to naturally formed Columnar Basalt outcrops which extend above the ocean surface. The local Aboriginal people were the Minjungbal , but white settlement significantly impacted the population in the late 19th to early 20th century. In 1933, the last full-blood Aboriginal woman on
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