13-535: Several, see text Cercocarpus , commonly known as mountain mahogany , is a small genus of at least nine species of nitrogen-fixing flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae . They are native to the western United States and northern Mexico , where they grow in chaparral and semidesert habitats and climates, often at high altitudes. Several are found in the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion . The classification of Cercocarpus within
26-456: Is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology , the study of life and of living organisms. It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology , Glossary of genetics , Glossary of evolutionary biology , Glossary of ecology , Glossary of environmental science and Glossary of scientific naming , or any of
39-444: Is characterized by initial root-hair deformation which is then infected by the filamentous Frankia . The Frankia then moves within the root cells and forms a pre-nodule which is characterized by a bump on the root. This then gives rise to a Nodule primordium which feeds the bacteria via the vascular tissue of the plant allowing the nodule to mature. In contrast the intercellular infection does not have root hair deformation. Instead,
52-471: Is derived from the Greek words κέρκος ( kerkos ), meaning "tail" and καρπός ( karpos ), meaning "fruit". It refers to the tail-like plume on the fruits. Cercocarpus comprises the following species: The status of the following species and hybrids is unresolved: Frankia See text Frankia is a genus of nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in symbiosis with actinorhizal plants , similar to
65-408: Is known as soil that is heavy metal rich or nutrient depleted due to a drought. Frankia is a nitrogen-fixed organism, explaining why it is able to resist heavy metals. Frankia is a gram-positive Bacteria that is found on the roots of plants. The fact that Frankia is gram-positive means that the bacteria is made up of thick cell walls made out of protein called peptidologlycan. This helps with
78-579: The Rhizobium bacteria found in the root nodules of legumes in the family Fabaceae . Frankia also initiate the forming of root nodules . This genus was originally named by Jørgen Brunchorst , in 1886 to honor the German biologist Albert Bernhard Frank . Brunchorst considered the organism he had identified to be a filamentous fungus. Becking [ de ; nl ] redefined the genus in 1970 as containing prokaryotic actinomycetes and created
91-627: The Krebs cycle and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) . Also called the macula adhaerens . Also called a trophic pyramid , eltonian pyramid , energy pyramid , or sometimes food pyramid . Sometimes called an ecospecies . Also called a nonspontaneous reaction or unfavorable reaction . Also called symbiogenesis . Also spelled foetus . (pl.) flagella (pl.) foramimina Also called an exotic species , foreign species , alien species , non-native species , or non-indigenous species . Also called
104-496: The Rosaceae has been unclear. The genus has been placed in the subfamily Rosoideae , but is now placed in subfamily Dryadoideae . Members of the genus are deciduous shrubs or small trees , typically reaching heights of 3–6 m (9–18 ft) tall, but exceptionally up to 13 m (40 ft) high. C. montanus usually remains under 1 m (3 ft) high because of incessant browsing by elk and deer . The name
117-497: The family Frankiaceae within the Actinomycetales . He retained the original name of Frankia for the genus. Most Frankia strains are specific to different plant species. The bacteria are filamentous and convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia via the enzyme nitrogenase , a process known as nitrogen fixation . They do this while living in root nodules on actinorhizal plants. The bacteria can supply most or all of
130-1776: The filamentous Frankia invades the roots in the space between cells on the root. After this invasion a Nodule primordium is created similarly to the intracellular mode of formation and the nodule matures. The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) F. coriariae Nouioui et al. 2017 F. casuarinae Nouioui et al. 2016 F. canadensis Normand et al. 2018 F. umida Normand et al. 2023 F. torreyi Nouioui et al. 2019 F. alni (Woronin 1866) Von Tubeuf 1895 " F. gtarii " Nouioui et al. 2023 " F. tisai " Nouioui et al. 2023 F. inefficax Nouioui et al. 2017 F. asymbiotica Nouioui et al. 2017 F. saprophytica Nouioui et al. 2018 F. discariae Nouioui et al. 2017 F. soli Gtari et al. 2020 F. irregularis Nouioui et al. 2018 F. colletiae Nouioui et al. 2023 F. elaeagni (Schroeter 1886) Becking 1970 ex Nouioui et al. 2016 " Ca. F. meridionalis" Nguyen et al. 2019 " Ca. F. californiensis" Normand et al. 2017 F. coriariae [incl. " Ca. F. datiscae" Persson et al. 2011 ] F. inefficax F. asymbiotica F. saprophytica F. discariae F. soli F. elaeagni F. irregularis F. casuarinae F. canadensis " Ca. F. nodulisporulans" Herrera-Belaroussi et al. 2020 " Ca. F. alpina" Pozzi et al. 2020 [incl. " F. subtilis " Brunchorst 1886 ] F. alni F. torreyi Species incertae sedis: Intracellular This glossary of biology terms
143-570: The nitrogen requirements of the host plant. As a result, actinorhizal plants colonise and often thrive in soils that are low in plant nutrients. Several Frankia genomes are now available which may help clarify how the symbiosis between prokaryote and plant evolved, how the environmental and geographical adaptations occurred, the metabolic diversity, and the horizontal gene flow among the symbiotic prokaryotes. Frankia can resist low concentration of heavy metals such as, Cu, Co, and Zn. Frankia may be an advantage for degraded soil. Degraded soil
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#1732768890859156-513: The organism-specific glossaries in Category:Glossaries of biology . Also called an antibacterial . Also called selective breeding . Sometimes used interchangeably with primary producer . Also called the biosynthetic phase , light-independent reactions , dark reactions , or photosynthetic carbon reduction (PCR) cycle . Also called carbon assimilation . Also called cytology . Also called
169-578: The resistance of the heavy metals that may be in the degraded soil. Frankia tolerates a narrow range of temperatures and soil pH levels. It grows best at around 30 degrees Celsius with an environment pH between 6.5 and 7. These facts shows that Frankia is very sensitive to its environment. Though Frankia would not be suitable for all agriculture it does demonstrate possibilities in select areas, or in temperature controlled environments. Frankia forms nodules via two methods of root infection, intercellularly and intracellularly. Intracellular infection
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