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45-682: The Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah (PITU) has a reservation composed of ten separate parcels of land, located in four counties in southwestern Utah. Two Ute bands were absorbed into the Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah. The Pahvant band originally lived in the deserts near Sevier Lake , west of the Wasatch Mountains of western Utah . Many Pahvants were removed by the US government to the Uintah Reservation , but some joined

90-482: A business loop through Richfield. Richfield is served by Greyhound to Denver and Las Vegas , Nevada . Richfield Municipal Airport is located one mile southwest of the city. Richfield is located in the Sevier School District . There are two elementary schools (Ashman and Pahvant), one middle school (Red Hills), one high school (Richfield), and one alternative high school (Cedar Ridge). There

135-614: A crude chimney of rocks. This dugout was located on today's Main Street. These men spent the remainder of the winter in this dwelling, planning and preparing for when they could bring their families. The early Mormon settlements were abandoned in 1867 due to the conflict known as the Black Hawk War . But, when resettled in 1871, Richfield grew to become a regional center. The coming of the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad in 1891 opened

180-435: A fine. They were brought to a penitentiary near Salt Lake City , but escaped five days later. It was reported that Mormons played a part in their release. Mormon settlement had reduced access to Ute hunting and gathering grounds. Fish, wildfowl, and native plants were reduced in number. The Mormons brought diseases to which Utes had no immunity and their population was significantly depleted. Grasshoppers and drought destroyed

225-509: A flag that was officially confirmed in 1997. Within it are several symbols for the tribe. First the colors, white symbolizes purity, the red and black are both for strength and power, and the yellow for healing and life. The biggest symbol is the eagle which represents their deity, then there are a series of images that relate to traditional songs and games the Southern Paiutes would play, the arrowheads that they were known for. Overall

270-584: A group of Pahvant Utes attacked the camp. They killed Gunnison and seven men with bows and arrows and rifles. Following negotiations with U.S. military and the Mormons, in February 1855 Kanosh arranged for one woman and six men to stand trial for the murder of Gunnison and his men. They were found guilt of Murder in the Second Degree, with three of the tried to be sentenced to three years hard labor and

315-503: A party of ten men under the leadership of Albert Lewis came from Sanpete County, Utah , and arrived in what is now Richfield. The Mormon settlers found fertile soil, good water, and wood in the nearby hills. They decided that it was a desirable site for a settlement. These pioneers made a dwelling place for all ten men, which they called 'The Hole in the Ground.' They carefully covered this hole with brush willows and other materials and made

360-500: A plan to secure reservation land for the tribe not to exceed 15,000 acres. The Bureau of Land management reinstituted the federal trust on 43,576.99 acres concurrent with the enactment of the statute. The Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah's tribal headquarters is located in Cedar City, Utah . As of 2006, 840 people were enrolled in the tribe. The Utah Paiute's tribal chairperson is Tamra "Tami" Borchardt-Slayton and their vice-chairperson

405-491: A total area of 5.3 square miles (14 km ), all land. Richfield is located 5,280 feet (1,610 m) above sea level. Richfield is served by major transportation access – situated along Interstate 70 and within 30 minutes of Interstate 15. Richfield is located 159 miles (256 km) from Salt Lake City and 164 miles (264 km) from St. George . Richfield experiences a cold semi-arid climate ( Köppen BSk ) with four distinct seasons. Winter high temperatures average in

450-570: Is 104 °F (40 °C), set on July 23, 1931, and July 13–14, 1939, and the record low is −33 °F (−36.1 °C), set on February 6, 1989. Average January temperatures are a high of 41.0 °F (5.0 °C) and a low of 17.0 °F (−8.3 °C). Average July temperatures are a high of 90.4 °F (32.4 °C) and a low of 53.7 °F (12.1 °C). There are an average of 44.3 afternoons with highs of 90 °F (32.2 °C) or higher and an average of 176.0 mornings with lows of 32 °F (0 °C) or lower. The wettest calendar year

495-485: Is Patrick Charles. The Paiute Tribe made national news when former Chairperson Gari Pikyavit Lafferty was impeached in 2015, After accepting gifts from Washington Redskins owner Dan Snyder which were ostensibly made in an attempt to induce the tribe to publicly endorse the team's controversial name , the Tribal Council charged Gari Pikyavit Lafferty, then tribal chairperson, on March 26, 2015, with violating

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540-781: Is located in Cedar City, Utah . An additional tribal office is located in Kanosh, Utah , near their traditional ancestral home. Their Band Chairperson is Corrina Bow. The "Koosharem Band of Paiute Indians" or Paw goosawd’uhmpuhtseng ("Water Clover People") first received federal recognition on March 3, 1928. Their band headquarters is located in Richfield, Utah . Their Band Chairperson is LaTosha Mayo. The "Indian Peaks Band of Paiute Indians" or Kwee’choovunt ("Peak People") first received federal recognition on August 2, 1915, and have lands in Beaver County, Utah . Their band headquarters

585-556: Is located in Cedar City, Utah . Their Band Chairperson is Jeanine Borchardt. The first reservation of the " Shivwits Band of Paiutes " or See’veetseng ("Whitish Earth People") was established in 1891. They received federal recognition on March 3, 1891. They have lands in Washington County, Utah . Their band headquarters is located in Ivins, Utah . Their Band Chairperson is Patrick Charles. The Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah has

630-526: Is made up of five constituent bands, who have been independent communities for centuries. The "Cedar Band of Paiute Indians" or Suh’dutsing ("Cedar People") received federal recognition on April 3, 1980, under the Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah Restoration Act. Their band headquarters is located in Cedar City, Utah . Their band chairperson is Travis N. Parashonts. The "Kanosh Band of Paiute Indians" or Kawnaw’os ("willow [water] jug") first received federal recognition on February 11, 1929. Their band headquarters

675-729: The Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah and relocated to reservations. Pahvants lived west of the Wasatch Range in the Pavant Range towards the Nevada border along the Sevier River in the desert around Sevier Lake and Fish Lake , therefore they called themselves Pahvant , meaning "living near the water", or "water people". The Moanunts , another Ute band, lived on the other side of Sevier River. The two bands had

720-663: The Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation and were classified as members of the Uintah tribe by the U.S. government. Richfield, Utah Richfield is a city in and the county seat of Sevier County , Utah , United States, and is the largest city in southern-central Utah. As of the 2020 census , the city population was 8,201. It lies in the Mormon Corridor , just off Interstate 70 , approximately 40 miles (64 km) east of its junction with Interstate 15 . The county can be best described as "rural diversified" due to

765-493: The "most valuable lands" of the Pahvant and other tribes and plowing native plants, which resulted in periods of starvation and survival strategies that included begging for food and taking crops and livestock. The Indians have been driven from their lands and their hunting grounds destroyed without compensation wherefore they are in many instances reduced to a state of suffering, bordering on starvation. In this situation some of

810-468: The 18th century they were known to be friendly and attentive, but after a chief's father was killed by emigrating white settlers, a group of Pahvant Utes killed John Williams Gunnison and seven of his men during his exploration of the area. The bodies of water of their homeland were dried up after Mormons had diverted the water for irrigation. Having intermarried with the Paiutes , they were absorbed into

855-465: The 30s and 40s with many milder days; low temperatures average in the teens and twenties, with a few mornings starting near or below zero. Snowfall is common, but usually melts in a day or two; however, deeper lasting snow cover is not uncommon. Still, December and January average among Richfield's drier months. Summer days are warm, with normal July highs in the 90s and occasional hot spells that near 100 °F or 37.8 °C. Nighttime temperatures during

900-683: The Kanosh, Koosharem, and other settlements in Utah. The second band was the Moanunts, who traditionally lived near Sevier River and Otter Creek, south of Salina, Utah . During the period from the 1940s to 1960s, in which the Indian termination policy was enforced, The Paiute Indian Tribe was targeted for termination. On 1 September 1954 the US Congress passed Termination of Federal Supervision over

945-495: The Mormon's crops, so they did not have extra food to share. River water had been diverted for irrigation by the Mormons, resulting in reduced water levels at Lake Sevier and the rivers. The Pahvants and the Moanunts were absorbed into the Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah, some of whom lived at the Kanosh reservation, a community of a few houses located north of Kanosh, Utah , or lived off-reservation near Kanosh. Others relocated to

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990-665: The Paiute Indians of Utah U.S. Code, Title 25, Sections 741–60 . The legislation at §742 specified that the included bands were the Shivwits, Kanosh, Koosharem, and Indian Peaks Bands of the Paiute Indian Tribe (omitting the Cedar Band). As with other termination agreements, the Act provided for termination of federal trusts and distribution of tribal lands to individuals or a tribally organized entity. It had provisions to preserve

1035-578: The Utes worked the farms for disappointing harvests and because it kept them from hunting, which they needed to sustain themselves. In the fall of 1853, there were a number of conflicts between emigrants to the area and the Pahvant Utes. The Utes raided several towns, killed some settlers, and stole cattle. About October 1853, some pioneers had passed through Pahvant land and were having peaceful communication until they tried to take bows and arrows away from

1080-480: The Utes. A scuffle ensured and the settlers killed the father of Chief Moshoquop and wounded or killed other members of the band. Captain John Williams Gunnison had come to the area to survey the land for a transcontinental railroad. He heard of the conflict, but believed the issues had been resolved and set up camp on Sevier Lake to explore and survey the area. On the morning of October 26, 1853,

1125-440: The city was $ 36,024, and the median income for a family was $ 40,284. Males had a median income of $ 33,000 versus $ 20,489 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 14,320. About 7.0% of families and 9.3% of the population were below the poverty line , including 10.5% of those under age 18 and 9.4% of those age 65 or over. The city has seen an increase in population in every decennial census since 1940, at which time it

1170-536: The community college, affiliated with Snow College , and go there to receive medical care. Richfield is part of "Panoramaland;" it is on the thoroughfare to several nearby national parks and national forests . Prehistoric people occupied the Richfield area for more than 7,000 years. Fremont culture remains are found near most community sites in the Sevier area. They are dated from approximately CE 1 to CE 1000. In

1215-497: The convergence of agricultural, retail and industrial activities. Richfield has developed as a regional tourist center because it is located on the interstate freeway about halfway between Los Angeles , California and Denver , Colorado , attracting many automobile travelers who stop at the city. Richfield is remote from larger cities, about 100 miles (160 km) or more in any direction from more populous towns such as Salt Lake City, while dozens of smaller communities are found in

1260-514: The federal trust relationship of the Shivwits, Kanosh, Koosharem, and Indian Peaks Bands of the Paiute Indian Tribe and restored and reaffirmed that the Cedar Band was part of the Tribe. The law acknowledged that the Kanosh, Koosharem, and Indian Peaks Bands had lost their lands as a result of termination and that the Cedar Band had never had any. It proposed to develop within two years of enactment

1305-423: The general area. Some examples are Sigurd, Venice, Glenwood, and Central Valley. Its remoteness, plus its location on major transportation corridors, makes it central Utah's de facto regional capital, a shopping and "commercial capital of a vast mountain-valley region." Many people from the region drive to Richfield to shop, bowl, golf, to attend theater, concerts, or for religious gatherings. They are also drawn to

1350-417: The image is supposed to represent a warrior's shield with the five eagle feathers hanging on the bottom representing the 5 modern-day bands that comprise the tribe. Pahvant The Pahvant or Pahvants ( Pavant, Parant, Pahva-nits ) were a band of Ute people that lived in present-day Utah. Called the "Water People", they fished and hunted waterfowl. They were also farmers and hunter-gatherers . In

1395-510: The late summer of 1776, Father Escalante and his party of Spanish explorers passed through the general vicinity, looking for a trail to link Nuevo Mexico and California. During the late 1820s, Jedediah Smith and other fur traders crossed the area. Sevier County lay on one of the variants on the Old Spanish Trail between Santa Fe , New Mexico , and California and was used by travelers between 1830 and 1850. In early January 1864,

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1440-417: The most daring and desperate approach the settlements and demand compensation for their lands, where upon the slightest pretexts, they are shot down or driven to the mountains." Brigham Young 's response to Holeman's charge was to deny it and advise Mormons that it was "cheaper to feed Indians than fight them." Young established three farm reserves for local tribes, which became more like feeding stations after

1485-479: The mountains. They gathered roots, berries, and pine nuts. They also farmed for many years along Corn Creek . They had horses by the mid-19th century. The Pahvants and the Moanunts were visited in 1776 by the Domínguez–Escalante expedition . The Pahvants were called "Bearded Indians" and were considered friendly and attentive. About 1850, Mormons began to move into San Pete and Millard counties, taking

1530-404: The population. In 2000, there were 2,166 households, out of which 44.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.2% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.3% were non-families. 20.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

1575-551: The same dialect, but were two distinct groups of people. In their way of living they resembled their neighbors, the Kaibab Paiute , and intermarried with neighboring Goshute and Southern Paiute . Their hunting and gathering grounds extended west to the present-day border of Utah and Nevada. They camped in six villages during the winter season. The hunted waterfowl and fished along the Sevier River and hunted deer in

1620-522: The summer are comfortable—usually in the 50s or 60s. From July through September, “monsoonal” thunderstorms frequently form over the nearby peaks contributing to over a third of the 8.12 inches or 206.2 millimetres of annual rainfall. Because of its low humidity and mile-high altitude, the Sevier Valley experiences its average first frost by late September and its last in late May, despite the typically warm fall and spring days. Richfield's record high

1665-480: The surrounding county are predominately Republican . The Richfield area has 20 major denominational churches including The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, St. Elizabeth Catholic Church, First Baptist Church, Sister of Holy Cross, Jehovah's Witnesses , Good Shepherd Lutheran Church, Assembly of God , and others. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has

1710-532: The town and outlying hamlets about 150 years ago. Members of the LDS Church are predominant among the residents. Even in this heart of Mormon country, non-Mormons and non-participating Mormons, the latter euphemistically called "less-actives," fill a percentage of elected offices. Due largely to combined influences of conservative rural culture and the Latter-day Saints, the voters of the city and

1755-487: The tribal water rights and a special education program to assist tribal members in learning how to earn a living, conduct affairs, and assume their responsibilities as citizens. The Bureau of Land management terminated tribal trusts on 1 March 1957 as did the Indian Health Service. On 3 April 1980, Congress passed the Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah Restoration Act, Public Law 96-227 94 Stat. 317, which restored

1800-504: The tribe's Ethics Ordinance, Constitution and Standards of Conduct as well as ignoring the express directives of the Tribal Council, interfering with internal band matters and misusing her title. The Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah operates its own programs for health, behavioral care, housing, education, and economic development. Proposed economic development enterprises include geothermal plants, agricultural, convenience stores, gift stores, restaurants, hotels, and cultural centers. The tribe

1845-592: The valley for expanded agricultural commerce and mining. In 1939, Utah Governor Henry H. Blood vetoed a proposal for a junior college in Richfield. Fifty-seven years later, Snow College opened a Richfield campus, which serves about 600 students annually. As in most settled areas of rural Utah, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) plays a prominent role. The Mormons were highly industrious settlers. From 1847, when they founded Salt Lake City , until 1877, they founded 360 towns. Following direction from Brigham Young , Latter-day Saints founded

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1890-535: Was 1936 with 13.00 inches (330.2 mm) and the driest 1976 with 4.36 inches (110.7 mm). The most rainfall in one month was 4.50 inches (114.3 mm) in October 1907. The most rainfall in 24 hours was 2.40 inches (61.0 mm) on December 12, 1906. There are an average of 64 days with measurable precipitation. Average snowfall is 17.8 inches (450 mm). The snowiest year was from July 2009 to June 2010 with 62.0 inches (1,570 mm). The most snow in one month

1935-408: Was 2.97 and the average family size was 3.45. In the city, the population was spread out, with 35.4% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 22.7% from 25 to 44, 17.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.1 males. The median income for a household in

1980-588: Was 30.0 inches (0.76 m) in April 1912. As of the census of 2010, there were 7,551 people living in the city. The population density was 1,424.7 people per square mile (551.2/km ). There were 2,792 housing units at an average density of 526.79 per square mile (200.9/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 94.41% White , 0.39% African American , 3.29% Native American , 0.26% Asian , 0.07% Pacific Islander , 0.55% from other races , and 1.02% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.35% of

2025-550: Was reported to have 3,584 people living in the city. Major employers in Richfield include Walmart , Sevier Valley Hospital , Lin's Fresh Market , and forest headquarters for Fishlake National Forest . There are also several smaller employers, such as restaurants, hotels, and local businesses. The local weekly newspaper is The Richfield Reaper . Interstate 70 / U.S. Route 89 is the main highway serving Richfield. Utah State Route 118 runs to Joseph . Utah State Route 119 runs to Glenwood . Utah State Route 120 serves as

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