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39-603: The Modernaires were an American vocal group , best known for performing in the 1940s with the Glenn Miller Orchestra . The Modernaires began in 1934 as "Don Juan, Two and Three," a trio of schoolmates from Lafayette High School in Buffalo, New York . The members were Hal Dickinson, Chuck Goldstein, and Bill Conway. (Jay Warner, in his book American Singing Groups: A History from 1940s to Today , wrote, "They called themselves Three Weary Willies". He added that

78-437: A flute , an oboe , a clarinet , and a bassoon . A brass quartet features two trumpets , a trombone , and a tuba (or French horn (more commonly known as "horn") ). A saxophone quartet consists of a soprano saxophone , an alto saxophone , a tenor saxophone , and a baritone saxophone . The string quintet is a common type of group. It is similar to the string quartet, but with an additional viola, cello, or more rarely,

117-405: A Gal In) Kalamazoo " with Beneke, among others. In 1945, " There! I've Said It Again " became The Modernaires' first top-twenty hit. The group was featured in television programming produced by Philco in 1947, using what apparently was an early version of lip synching . An article in ' Variety ' magazine's September 10, 1947, issue reported that David Street and The Modernaires guest starred on

156-462: A chamber orchestra). Larger orchestras are called symphony orchestras (see below) or philharmonic orchestras. A pops orchestra is an orchestra that mainly performs light classical music (often in abbreviated, simplified arrangements) and orchestral arrangements and medleys of popular jazz, music theater, or pop music songs. A string orchestra has only string instruments, i.e., violins, violas, cellos, and double basses. A symphony orchestra

195-537: A form of male rebellion vis-à-vis female bedroom culture." In popular music, there has been a gendered "distinction between public (male) and private (female) participation" in music. "[S]everal scholars have argued that men exclude women from bands or the bands' rehearsals, recordings, performances, and other social activities." "Women are mainly regarded as passive and private consumers of allegedly slick, prefabricated – hence, inferior – pop music..., excluding them from participating as high-status rock musicians." One of

234-421: A high prominence in many popular music styles as singers. However, professional women instrumentalists are uncommon in popular music, especially in rock genres such as heavy metal . "[P]laying in a band is largely a male homosocial activity, that is, learning to play in a band is largely a peer-based... experience, shaped by existing sex-segregated friendship networks." As well, rock music "...is often defined as

273-406: A leader. In jazz bands, rock and pop groups, and similar ensembles, this is the band leader . In classical music, orchestras, concert bands, and choirs are led by a conductor . In orchestra, the concertmaster (principal first violin player) is the instrumentalist leader of the orchestra. In orchestras, the individual sections also have leaders, typically called the "principal" of the section (e.g.,

312-463: A singer, instrumentalist, songwriter, and bandleader." According to Auslander, she was "kicking down the male door in rock and roll and proving that a female musician  ... and this is a point I am extremely concerned about ... could play as well if not better than the boys". Pennsylvania 6-5000 PEnnsylvania 6-5000 is a telephone number in New York City, written in

351-663: Is an ensemble usually comprising at least thirty musicians; the number of players is typically between fifty and ninety-five and may exceed one hundred. A symphony orchestra is divided into families of instruments. In the string family, there are sections of violins (I and II), violas, cellos (often eight), and basses (often from six to eight). The standard woodwind section consists of flutes (one doubling piccolo), oboes (one doubling English horn), soprano clarinets (one doubling bass clarinet), and bassoons (one doubling contrabassoon). The standard brass section consists of horns, trumpets, trombones, and tuba. The percussion section includes

390-413: Is rare, except for the nonet (nine musicians). In most cases, a larger classical group is referred to as an orchestra of some type or a concert band. A small orchestra with fifteen to thirty members (violins, violas, four cellos, two or three double basses, and several woodwind or brass instruments) is called a chamber orchestra . A sinfonietta usually denotes a somewhat smaller orchestra (though still not

429-534: The 2L+5N (two letters, five numbers) format that was common from about 1930 into the 1960s. The number is best known from the 1940 hit song " Pennsylvania 6-5000 ", a swing jazz and pop standard recorded by the Glenn Miller Orchestra . Its owner, the Hotel Pennsylvania , claims it to be the oldest continuously used telephone number in New York City . The hotel opened on January 25, 1919, but

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468-621: The Ozzie Nelson Band, and became known as "The Three Wizards of Ozzie." They next recruited Ralph Brewster to make a quartet and, performing with the Fred Waring Orchestra, became The Modern-Aires (later changing the spelling). Recordings with Charlie Barnet 's orchestra in 1936 did not interest the public but brought them greater industry exposure, and in 1937 they joined the George Hall band, soon moving on to

507-649: The Paul Whiteman radio show. They recorded many of the classic songs of that era, a few with Jack Teagarden , as part of the Whiteman orchestra in 1938. In October 1940, Glenn Miller engaged them to record It's Make Believe Ballroom Time , a sequel to the original Make Believe Ballroom, which they had recorded earlier for Martin Block 's big band show of the same name, on WNEW New York. In January 1941, Miller made The Modernaires an important part of one of

546-455: The timpani , bass drum , snare drum , and any other percussion instruments called for in a score (e.g., triangle, glockenspiel , chimes, cymbals, wood blocks, etc.). In Baroque music (1600–1750) and music from the early Classical period music (1750–1820), the percussion parts in orchestral works may only include timpani. A wind orchestra or concert band is a large classical ensemble generally made up of between 40 and 70 musicians from

585-422: The wind machine or cannons . When orchestras perform music from the 20th century or the 21st century, occasionally instruments such as electric guitar, theremin , or even an electronic synthesizer may be used. A vocal group is a performing ensemble of vocalists who sing and harmonize together. The first well-known vocals groups emerged in the 19th century, and the style had reached widespread popularity by

624-430: The wind quintet , usually consisting of flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, and horn; the brass quintet , consisting of two trumpets, one horn, a trombone, and a tuba; and the reed quintet, consisting of an oboe, a soprano clarinet, a saxophone, a bass clarinet, and a bassoon. Classical chamber ensembles of six (sextet), seven (septet), or eight musicians (octet) are fairly common; the use of latinate terms for larger groups

663-574: The 1940s. Vocal groups can come in several different forms, including: A group that plays popular music or military music is usually called a band; a drum and bugle corps is a type of the latter. These bands perform a wide range of music, ranging from arrangements of jazz orchestral, or popular music to military-style marches. Drum corps perform on brass and percussion instruments only. Drum and Bugle Corps incorporate costumes, hats, and pageantry in their performances. Other band types include: See List of musical band types for more. Women have

702-591: The Animals , is called an undecet , and a group of twelve is called a duodecet (see Latin numerical prefixes ). A soloist playing unaccompanied (e.g., a pianist playing a solo piano piece or a cellist playing a Bach suite for unaccompanied cello ) is not an ensemble because it only contains one musician. A string quartet consists of two violins , a viola , and a cello . There is a vast body of music written for string quartets, making it an important genre in classical music . A woodwind quartet usually features

741-522: The Philco program, "simulating singing to off-screen recordings." After Miller's disappearance, The Modernaires recorded vocal versions of several of Miller's instrumental hits, including " Moonlight Serenade ", " Sunrise Serenade ", " Little Brown Jug ", " Tuxedo Junction ", " Pennsylvania 6-5000 ", and " A String of Pearls ". The Modernaires released a 45rpm single on Coral Records, 9-61110, A Salute to Glenn Miller, which included medleys in two parts from

780-400: The addition of a double bass. Terms such as " piano quintet " or "clarinet quintet" frequently refer to a string quartet plus a fifth instrument. Mozart 's Clarinet Quintet is similarly a piece written for an ensemble consisting of two violins, a viola, a cello, and a clarinet, the last being the exceptional addition to a "normal" string quartet. Some other quintets in classical music are

819-469: The eventually continent-wide implementation of direct distance dialing in 1951 in Englewood, New Jersey . Many calls from outside the city were placed through an operator , by requesting "long distance, New York City, Pennsylvania six, five-thousand". The long distance operator would either plug into a labeled "New York City, 2L+5N" trunk and dial PE6-5000 or ask the New York City inbound operator to ring

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858-484: The exact age of the telephone number and the veracity of the hotel's claim are unknown. For many years, callers to (212) 736-5000 were greeted with the hotel's phone system recorded greeting that includes a portion of the song. The hotel closed permanently in 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, and is being torn down to make way for a tower at 15 Penn Plaza . The tower's developer, Steven Roth , said in 2022 that

897-490: The gender composition of heavy metal bands , it has been said that "[h]eavy metal performers are almost exclusively male" "...[a]t least until the mid-1980s" apart from "...exceptions such as Girlschool ". However, "...now [in the 2010s] maybe more than ever–strong metal women have put up their dukes and got down to it," "carv[ing] out a considerable place for [them]selves". When Suzi Quatro emerged in 1973, "no other prominent female musician worked in rock simultaneously as

936-655: The leader of the viola section is called the "principal viola"). Conductors are also used in jazz big bands and in some very large rock or pop ensembles (e.g., a rock concert that includes a string section , a horn section , and a choir that accompanies a rock band's performance). In Western classical music, smaller ensembles are called chamber music ensembles. The terms duo , trio , quartet , quintet , sextet , septet , octet , nonet , and decet describe groups of two up to ten musicians, respectively. A group of eleven musicians, such as found in The Carnival of

975-453: The most popular big bands of all time. Paula Kelly was added to the Miller band between March–August 1941; she and Modernaire Hal Dickinson had married in 1939. The group had ten chart hits in 1941 after appearing with Miller's orchestra in the movie Sun Valley Serenade . The group became a quintet when Kelly became a permanent member of the group after Miller joined the U.S. Army , and for

1014-529: The movie soundtrack, A Salute to Glenn Miller, Parts 1 and 2: (I've Got a Gal In) Kalamazoo/Moonlight Cocktail/Elmer's Tune/Moonlight Serenade/Chattanooga Choo-Choo/String Of Pearls/Serenade In Blue/At Last/Perfidia, that reached number 29 on the Billboard charts in 1954. In the late 1950s they were featured vocalists with the Bob Crosby Orchestra on his daily TV show. In the 1960s they recorded

1053-589: The new building would retain the phone number (212) 736-5000, although he did not specify how the phone number would be reassigned. The named Pennsylvania exchange served the area around Penn Station in New York. The two letters, PE , stand for the numbers 7 and 3, making the phone number 736-5000, not including the later area code 212 for Manhattan . At the time of Glenn Miller 's popular network radio broadcasts, most local telephone calls in large cities were dialed directly, while intercity calls required

1092-671: The next few decades they toured internationally with the Glenn Miller Orchestra . Johnny Drake replaced Chuck Goldstein (who left the Modernaires the day after the Miller band broke up in 1942), and Fran Scott replaced Bill Conway (who by fall 1943 was performing with the newly-formed "Double Daters" quartet.) Songs made popular by Miller and The Modernaires included " Perfidia ," " Chattanooga Choo-Choo ," with Tex Beneke (the first-ever "gold record" with over one million copies sold), "I Know Why," " Elmer's Tune ," " Serenade In Blue ," "Connecticut," " Jukebox Saturday Night ", and " (I've Got

1131-516: The number. The initial area code assignment gave PEnnsylvania 6-5000 Manhattan 's area code, as (212) PE6-5000 . In 1969, the PE6 central office was the first in Manhattan to be converted from a panel switch to a 1ESS switch , temporarily making it a significant part of New York Telephone's service crisis . In 1999, area code 646 was overlaid on 212; in 2003, eleven-digit local calling

1170-411: The operator. There were no area codes. The length of local numbers varied widely; four or five digits was more than enough for a small city with a single central office, while separate central offices served individual neighborhoods of larger cities. In large cities, each central office had one or more telephone exchange names . In the 2L+5N system, used only in large cities, a seven-digit local number

1209-401: The reasons that there are rarely mixed gender bands is that "bands operate as tight-knit units in which homosocial solidarity – social bonds between people of the same sex... – plays a crucial role." In the 1960s pop music scene, "[s]inging was sometimes an acceptable pastime for a girl, but playing an instrument...simply wasn't done." "The rebellion of rock music was largely a male rebellion;

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1248-565: The theme song for the TV sitcom Hazel . Their style, harmonies and blend influenced later artists such as The Four Freshmen , who in turn were models for the Beach Boys , whom the Beatles later cited as a strong influence on their vocal work. The Modernaires were inducted into The Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1999. 10" and 12" albums: Vocal group Music ensembles typically have

1287-543: The three-letter four-number (3L-4N) system had represented the number in the format PENnsylvania 5000 . Similar systems were used in Boston , Chicago , and Philadelphia . By 1930, the 3L-4N system was changed to a 2L–5N system, using two letters and five digits, and PEN-5000 became PE6-5000 , much like the BUTterfield central office became BUtterfield 8 . The North American Numbering Plan introduced area codes for

1326-457: The timpani, bass drum, snare drum, and any other percussion instruments called for in a score (e.g., triangle, glockenspiel, chimes, cymbals, wood blocks, etc.). When orchestras perform baroque music (from the 17th century and early 18th century), they may also use a harpsichord or pipe organ , to play the continuo part. When orchestras perform Romantic-era music (from the 19th century), they may also use harps or unusual instruments such as

1365-612: The trio performed as Don Juan and Two and Three when they "headed for New York in the mid-'30s". After singing on radio station WGR in Buffalo, New York, for "the enormous sum of $ 10 a month", the trio went to New York City and gained an engagement of 26 weeks on CBS network radio. The group's first engagement was at Buffalo's suburban Glen Falls Casino, with the Ted Fio Rito Orchestra . Fio Rito also used them on electrical transcription recordings. They then joined

1404-607: The women—often, in the 1950s and '60s, girls in their teens—in rock usually sang songs as personæ utterly dependent on their macho boyfriends..." Philip Auslander says that "Although there were many women in rock by the late 1960s, most performed only as singers, a traditionally feminine position in popular music." Though some women played instruments in American all-female garage rock bands , none of these bands achieved more than regional success. So they "did not provide viable templates for women's on-going participation in rock". About

1443-786: The woodwind, brass, and percussion families, along with the double bass. The concert band has a larger number and variety of wind instruments than the symphony orchestra but does not have a string section (although a single double bass is common in concert bands). The woodwind section of a concert band consists of piccolo, flutes, oboes (one doubling English horn), bassoons (one doubling contrabassoon), soprano clarinets (one doubling E ♭ clarinet, one doubling alto clarinet), bass clarinets (one doubling contrabass clarinet or contra-alto clarinet), alto saxophones (one doubling soprano saxophone), tenor saxophone, and baritone saxophone. The brass section consists of horns, trumpets or cornets, trombones, euphoniums, and tubas. The percussion section consists of

1482-632: Was dialed as the first two letters of the exchange name (PE for "PEnnsylvania", the exchange serving the area around Penn Station) and five digits. The telephone numbering plans implemented by telephone companies did not follow any standard practice until the North American Numbering Plan was created by AT&T in 1947. The first automated dial exchanges in the Bell System were deployed in 1919. When seven-digit telephone numbers were first assigned in New York in 1920,

1521-559: Was imposed on all of New York City, including calls within the same area code. Letters from the original named exchange prefixes are occasionally spotted on old signage in the city, but are increasingly rare. Many big band names played in the Hotel Pennsylvania's Café Rouge , including the Glenn Miller Orchestra. The number inspired the pun title Transylvania 6-5000 , used separately as titles for

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