Misplaced Pages

#226773

22-466: The area has a long tradition of skiing with several famous skiers. Modum is home to one of the largest ski jumping hills in the world, Vikersundbakken which is situated in Heggen, outside Geithus . The hill record, established in 2017 is a jump of 253.5 metres (832 ft). The municipality (originally the parish ) is named after the old Modum farm ( Old Norse : Móðheimr ), since the first church

44-473: A skier with two ski poles dates to 1741. Troops in continental Europe were equipped with skis by 1747. Skiing was primarily used for transport until the mid-19th century but, since then, it has also become a recreation and sport. Military ski races were held in Norway during the 18th century, and ski warfare was studied in the late 18th century. As equipment evolved and ski lifts were developed during

66-587: Is the municipality administrative center of Modum and the site of the Modum City Hall. It is also the site of Vikersundbakken . The following cities are twinned with Modum: Skiing Skiing is the use of skis to glide on snow for basic transport, a recreational activity, or a competitive winter sport . Many types of competitive skiing events are recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), and

88-463: Is a ski turning technique and FIS-sanctioned discipline, which is named after the Telemark region of Norway. It uses equipment similar to Nordic skiing, where the ski bindings are attached only at the toes of the ski boots, allowing the skier's heel to be raised throughout the turn. However, the skis themselves are often the same width as Alpine skis. The following skiing disciplines are sanctioned by

110-458: Is also practiced on synthetic "dry" ski slopes , on sand , indoors and with ski simulators . With appropriate equipment, grass skiing and roller skiing are other alternatives which are not performed on snow. Ski warfare Ski warfare is the use of ski -equipped troops in war . Ski warfare is first recorded by the Danish historian Saxo Grammaticus in the 13th century. During

132-1018: The Arditi Alpieri formation, the Monte Bianco formation, the Monte Cervino battalion, and the Monte Rosa battalion. They were deployed in France, the Balkans, and the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union deployed 11 ski battalions , among other troops, in November 1941 to reinforce their defenses in the Battle of Moscow . The most common transportation for Norwegian soldiers during the Norwegian Campaign in 1940

154-520: The 4th Alpini Parachutist Regiment , 5th Alpini Regiment , 6th Alpini Regiment and 7th Alpini Regiment . France's Chasseurs Alpins , created in 1888, consisted of 12 battalions. Currently three remain. Romanian Mountain Corps consisted of three battalions. The Austro-Hungarian Army had the Kaiserjäger. German Alpenkorps was founded in 1915 with two brigades. Ski troops played a key role in

176-563: The Battle of Oslo in 1161, Norwegian troops used skis for reconnoitering. They were also used in 1452 in Sweden, and in the 15th to 17th centuries by various other Scandinavian countries. Norwegian Captain Jens Emahusen wrote a military ski manual Skiloperegglement in 1733. In 1767, military ski competitions began. They evolved into the biathlon . Denmark–Norway (though only Norwegian) ski troops were used against Sweden during

198-641: The FIS . Many have their own world cups and are included in the Winter Olympic Games . Equipment used in skiing includes: Technique has evolved along with ski technology and ski geometry . Early techniques included the telemark turn, the stem , the stem Christie , snowplough , and parallel turn . New parabolic designs like the Elan SCX have enabled the more modern carve turn . Originally and primarily an outdoor winter sport on snow, skiing

220-759: The Gunboat War in the Napoleonic Wars . Just prior and during World War I many combatants deployed ski troops as part of mountain infantry divisions. France created the Briançon military ski school in 1904. The Italian Army raised 88 Alpini Battalions. Their purpose was to fight summer and winter in the highest regions of the Alpine Arch. Most of the battalions were dissolved after World War I. Only nine Alpini regiments remain in service today, and only four still train every soldier in ski warfare:

242-780: The International Ski and Snowboard Federation (FIS). Skiing has a history of almost five millennia. Although modern skiing has evolved from beginnings in Scandinavia , it may have been practiced more than 100 centuries ago in the Altai Mountains , according to an interpretation of ancient paintings. However, this continues to be debated. The word "ski" comes from the Old Norse word "skíð" which means to "split piece of wood or firewood". Asymmetrical skis were used in northern Finland and Sweden until at least

SECTION 10

#1732801131227

264-500: The 1920s when the advent of ski lifts meant that it was no longer necessary to climb back uphill. Alpine equipment has specialized to the point where it can now only be used with the help of lifts. Alpine Touring setups use specialized bindings which are switchable between locked and free-heel modes. Climbing skins are temporarily attached to the bottom of alpine skis to give them traction on snow. This permits Nordic style uphill and back-country travel on alpine skis. For downhill travel,

286-415: The heels are locked and the skins are removed. The Nordic disciplines include cross-country skiing and ski jumping , which both use bindings that attach at the toes of the skier's boots but not at the heels. Cross-country skiing may be practiced on groomed trails or in undeveloped backcountry areas. Ski jumping is practiced in certain areas that are reserved exclusively for ski jumping. Telemark skiing

308-411: The late 19th and early 20th centuries, two main genres of skiing emerged— Alpine (downhill) skiing and Nordic skiing . The main difference between the two is the type of ski binding (the way in which the ski boots are attached to the skis). Also called "downhill skiing", Alpine skiing typically takes place on a piste at a ski resort . It is characterized by fixed-heel bindings that attach at both

330-441: The late 19th century. On one foot, the skier wore a long straight non-arching ski for sliding, and a shorter ski was worn on the other foot for kicking. The underside of the short ski was either plain or covered with animal skin to aid this use, while the long ski supporting the weight of the skier was treated with animal fat in a similar manner to modern ski waxing . Early skiers used one long pole or spear. The first description of

352-540: The mountains of Lebanon. The United States Army 10th Mountain Division was established and trained for ski combat. They were deployed in Italy . Swedish, Finnish and Norwegian defense forces use skis in cross country skiing but also by pulling squads of soldiers with tracked transport vehicles or snow mobiles. One or two ropes hang from the end of a tracked vehicle such as the famous Swedish Hägglunds Bandvagn 206 or

374-576: The successes of the Finnish war effort against the Soviet Union during the Winter War in 1939. Forested, rural terrain with no roads was used by Finnish ski troops with great success against the advancing mechanized Soviet troops. In the Battle of Suomussalmi , two Soviet mechanized divisions (45,000 men) were annihilated by three Finnish regiments (11,000 men). Italian ski troops included

396-442: The three main rivers in the municipality: Drammenselva , Snarumselva , and Simoa and the colour blue represents Blaafarveværket . The municipality is bordered in the north by Krødsherad and Ringerike , in the east by Hole and Lier , in the south by Øvre Eiker , and in the west by Sigdal . The municipality has three main villages: Åmot , Geithus , and Vikersund . Åmot is the starting point of Kunstnerdalen, which

418-415: The toe and the heel of the skier's boot. Ski lifts , including chairlifts , bring skiers up the slope. Backcountry skiing can be accessed by helicopter , snowcat , hiking and snowmobile . Facilities at resorts can include night skiing , après-ski , and glade skiing under the supervision of the ski patrol and the ski school . Alpine skiing branched off from the older Nordic type of skiing around

440-481: Was built here. The first element is móða which means " river " (here the Drammenselva river) and the last element is heimr which means " home ", " homestead ", or " farm ". The name of the farm was later changed to Buskerud . The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 15 March 1985. The arms show three wavy silver lines “ party per bend sinister ” on a blue background. They represent

462-495: Was frequently visited by of several Norwegian 19th and 19th century painters: Christian Krohg , Adolph Tidemand and Hans Gude . It also was home to Theodor Kittelsen and Christian Skredsvig . Edvard Munch also painted in Modum. This is also the site of Blaafarveværket whichnow includes a museum and art gallery. Geithus is the location of two hydroelectric powerplants; Geithusfoss kraftverk and Gravfoss kraftverk. Vikersund

SECTION 20

#1732801131227

484-745: Was skis and sleds , and in Operation Gunnerside , paradropped Norwegian commandos covered a large distance using skis in order to reach and sabotage the heavy water plant Vemork at Rjukan in Telemark , Norway , which was being used by the Germans as part of their nuclear research programme. Ski warfare even extended to the Middle East where the Australian Ski Corps were deployed against Vichy French forces in

#226773