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62-600: The first standing troops in the Tyrol were the native Tyrolese soldiers of the Tyrolean State Battalion ( Tiroler Landbataillon ) formed in 1703. This was superseded in 1745 by the Tyrolean Field and State Regiment ( Tiroler Feld- und Landregiment ), which was given the status and prerogatives of an imperial regiment and went under the regimental number 46. Due to the political situation during

124-574: A French cannon on 4 June 1859 during the Battle of Magenta , the storming of Oliosi on 24 June 1866, and the storming of the insurgents' position in Kremenac on 21 October 1878 during the occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina . In addition to military combat operations, the Kaiserjäger were also involved in the expansion of military as well as civil infrastructure. They are reputed to have laid

186-414: A plume of black rooster feathers. The hat cord was made of sheep's wool, and had a button and an acorn covered with a green wool. The two acorns were attached to the rear part of the crown. The cord for officers was made of black and gold thread. The crown was in the shape of an oval cone, with a moderately sized dent in the top. The brim was flat in front and behind, but turned up at both sides. The edge of

248-760: A total population of 524,826 (2010). There are 217 comuni (singular: comune ), in the province. The region is known for housing the Dolomites a mountainous Unesco World Heritage Site . The Marmolada , at 3,343 m (10,968 ft) above sea level, is the highest mountain in the Dolomites. The glacier on the Marmolada is also a landmark. Other notable mountains include the Kesselkogel Cermis , Crozzon di Brenta , Latemar , Piz Boè , and Vezzana . The highest mountain situated completely within

310-426: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Trentino Trentino ( Italian : Provincia autonoma di Trento ; Ladin : Provinzia Autonoma de Trent ; German : Autonome Provinz Trient ) is an autonomous province of Italy in the country's far north . Trentino and South Tyrol constitute the region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol , an autonomous region under the constitution. The province

372-459: Is a dialect of Ladin or a separate language. Native speakers are mainly found in the Sole Valley and are estimated to be up to 15,000. Both idioms are alternatively considered as dialects within the range of Gallo-Romance languages . There is no official census to date that has Nones and Solandro as officially distinct languages. The total number of Ladin speakers in the census of 2001 exceeds

434-437: Is a piece of land, in which mountain passes and elevated plains join hilly valleys and plains and in which different people and cultures join. Its history, but also the relatively insular geographic position of some valleys led to an extraordinary richness in culture and many customs and traditions that have been kept alive up to the present. Also some minority groups and gastronomic peculiarities have been preserved till now. In

496-457: Is composed of 166 comuni ( sg. : comune ). Its capital is the city of Trento (Trent). The province covers an area of more than 6,000 km (2,300 sq mi), with a total population of 541,098 in 2019. Trentino is renowned for its mountains , such as the Dolomites , which are part of the Alps . The province is generally known as "Trentino". The name derives from Trento,

558-703: Is crossed by the main road and rail connections between Italy and Germany . These include the Brenner A22 motorway and road which passes through the Etsch/Adige Valley. A regional project of switching much of the road traffic to railways is currently under consideration. The province has two more railways: the Valsugana Line, connecting Trento to Venice and the Trento-Malè-Marilleva railway between Trento and Malè . In 2019

620-574: Is to safeguard and promote the respective culture and languages. The Ladin minority is found in the Fassa Valley , in the municipalities of Canazei ( Cianacei ), Campitello di Fassa ( Ciampedèl ), Mazzin ( Mazin ), Moena , Soraga and Sèn Jan di Fassa . In the census of 2001, 16,462 inhabitants of Trentino declared Ladin as their native language. Mócheno is still spoken in the municipalities of Frassilongo ( Garait ), Palù del Fersina ( Palai en Bersntol ) and Fierozzo ( Vlarötz ), while

682-892: The Kaiserjägersteig road from Levico Terme (Löweneck) in the Sugana Valley in the 1870s and 1880s. that runs across the plateau of Lusern and the Seven Communities and ends at Malga Monterovere (1,255 m). During the First World War , the four regiments fought with heavy losses, first in Galicia and the Carpathians against Russia, until they were deployed on the plateau of the Seven Communities Trient and at Isonzo after

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744-684: The Brothers of Italy (5) Fugatti for Governor (4), the Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party (3), The Civic List (2) and the Fassa Association which provides this session's legally mandated seat for the province's Ladin minority (1). The centre-left alliance makes up most of the opposition, with 13 seats. This includes 7 seats for the Democratic Party , 4 seats for Campobase and one seat each for

806-477: The Greens and Left Alliance and Autonomy House . There was also a non-allied party, Wave, which won one seat. The executive powers are attributed to the provincial government (Italian: Giunta Provinciale ), headed by the governor ( Presidente ). Since 2018 the governor is Maurizio Fugatti . In 2023, Fugatti remained in power by receiving 51.8% of the vote for governor compared to 37.5% for Francesco Valduga of

868-679: The Gruber-De Gasperi Agreement , creating the autonomous region of Trentino-South Tyrol, consisting of the autonomous provinces of Trentino and South Tyrol. Since the treaty, Trentino has enjoyed considerable autonomy from the Italian central government in Rome . It has its own elected government and legislative assembly. In 1996, the Euroregion Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino was formed between

930-567: The Napoleonic era , the regiment was permanently stationed in Veneto – still Austrian at that time – in 1801, which is why it lost its original name. As its successor in Tyrol, the 64th Tyrolean Rifles ( Tiroler Jägerregiment Nr. 64 ) was established, based on a Tyrolean rifle corps and the battalion of Kurz'schen Jäger ("Kurz's Rifles"). When Tyrol fell to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1805,

992-711: The Nordic ski 1991 , 2003 and 2013 , snowboarding 2001 and freestyle ski championship 2007 , as well as the Adamello Ski Raid and Marcialonga . The Tour de Ski has since 2007 had its conclusion in Val di Fiemme with the Final Climb stage up the alpine skiing course on Alpe Cermis . During the spring and summer, cycling is a big event in the region, such as the Giro del Trentino and Maratona dles Dolomites over

1054-618: The Theresian Military Academy in Vienna's Neustadt was given the title Kaiserjäger . In 2004, the 82 graduates of the course joined the Austrian Armed Forces as professional officers. Prerogative In law , a prerogative is an exclusive right bestowed by a government or state and invested in an individual or group, the content of which is separate from the body of rights enjoyed under

1116-590: The Val di Gresta ), and grapes . Important especially for their quality, the latter are used for the production of dry and sparkling wines . In January 2008, the Edmund Mach Foundation was established to promote research, training and services in the agricultural, agri-food and environmental fields. The primary industries, often small and medium-sized, are concentrated in Valsugana, Vallagarina and

1178-465: The ordinary infantry . Trousers were of pike grey cloth and cut long in accordance with the regulations for German regiments. The trousers of the officers had grass-green lampasses ; NCOs and other ranks had grass-green piping along the side seam. Apart from the headdress, the most distinctive feature of the Kaiserjäger uniform was the base color of "pike grey" ( Hechtgrau ). This color (which

1240-614: The Adige Valleys. Sectors include textiles, mechanics, wood and paper productions. Also important is the production of hydro-electric energy. Tourism is the mainstay of the provincial economy. The main resorts include: Madonna di Campiglio , San Martino di Castrozza , Fiera di Primiero , Canazei , Moena , Cavalese , Folgaria , Folgarida-Marilleva , Riva del Garda and Levico Terme , Comano Terme and Roncegno , these last three being renowned thermal stations. The unemployment rate stood at 3.8% in 2023. The Trentino province

1302-625: The Austrian state of Tyrol and the Italian provinces of South Tyrol and Trentino. The boundaries of the association correspond to the old County of Tyrol. The aim is to promote regional peace, understanding and cooperation in many areas. The region's assemblies meet together as one on various occasions and have set up a common liaison office to the European Union in Brussels . Trentino is a mountainous region. The Adige River flows through

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1364-579: The Cimbrian language is spoken in Luserna ( Lusérn ). The 2001 census found there were 2,276 native Mócheno and 882 Cimbrian speakers. The linguistic breakdown according to the census of 2001 is: The Nones language hails from the Non Valley and is considered by some linguists a variant of Ladin. Estimates range up to 30,000 speakers. The Solandro language is also under debate as to whether it

1426-527: The Trentino borders is Presanella . The highest point is Monte Cevedale , located on the border with the Province of Sondrio . The 1972 second Statute of Autonomy for Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol devolved most legislative and executive competences from the regional level to the provincial level, creating de facto two separate regions. Administratively, the province enjoys a large degree of autonomy in

1488-549: The Tyrolean Kaiserschützen , who belonged to the k.k. Landwehr , and were part of the regular armed forces of Austria-Hungary. The confusion arose from the decree of April 1917, in which Emperor Charles I granted the title Kaiserschützen to the Tyrolean state rifles . (The state rifles, known as Landesschützen or Kaiserschützen , were mountain troops and wore a different uniform.) One curiosity of

1550-621: The allocation of disbanded Feldjäger battalions. By 1 May 1895, the strength had been further raised to 16 battalions by the allocation of soldiers from the Feldjäger corps and the Regiment had been divided into four Jäger regiments, each of four battalions. The newly formed regiments were given the designation "1st (2nd, 3rd or 4th) Imperial and Royal Tyrolean Rifles (Kaiserjäger)" or Kaiserliches und königliches 1., 2., 3., und 4. Tiroler-Jäger-Regiment "Kaiserjäger" . The Emperor himself

1612-456: The brim was edged with black, lacquered calfskin. On the left hand side of the crown was a rearward sloping pocket made of hat felt for attaching the feathers. The hat emblem - of gold coloured metal - consisted of the hunter's horn. In the centre of the coil, the Kaiserjäger troops had the Tyrolean eagle made of nickel-silver. This emblem was fastened above the hat feather pocket, such that

1674-607: The campaign in Galicia and could not be replaced to the same extent. In the Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive the 2nd Rifles lost almost 80% killed, wounded and missing - on 2 and 3 May 1915 alone they lost 26 officers and about 600 NCOs and men . The 4th Rifles lost 1,300 men over these two days. In the autumn of 1915, the Kaiserjäger and Landesschützen were transferred to the Italian Front in order to support

1736-542: The capital city of the province. Originally, the term was used by the local population only to refer to the city and its immediate surroundings. Under former Austrian rule, which began in the 19th century (previously, Trentino was governed by the local bishop), the common German name for the region was Welschtirol ( lit.   ' Walhaz , meaning Foreign Tyrol ' ) or Welschsüdtirol ( lit.   ' Walhaz/Foreign South Tyrol ' ), or just Südtirol , meaning South Tyrol with reference to its geographic position as

1798-572: The central Trentino in a valley named after the river. The principal towns of Trentino lie in the Adige Valley, which has been a historical passage connecting Italy with Northern Europe. Among other important valleys are Non Valley , known for its apple production, Sole Valley , Giudicarie , which has been historically connected by Trento and Brescia , Fiemme and Fassa , Lagarina , Mocheni , Sugana Valley and many others. The province has an area of 6,214 km (2,399 sq mi), and

1860-419: The centre-left coalition and about 10% for candidates aligned with neither major coalition. In addition to serving as the legislative body for the province, the members of the council also combine with South Tyrol's council to form the regional council of Trentino-South Tyrol . Trentino's governor alternates with the governor of South Tyrol as president of the region. The regional government has its seat in

1922-483: The despairing Standschützen militia and small numbers of regular forces defending Italian attacks and to assist in stabilizing the front. A higher percentage (about 40%) of the Kaiserjäger were soldiers from Trient (i.e. they were Welsch Tyrolese). The rest were made up of the Tyrolese and inhabitants from the rest of the monarchy . Despite the many Italian-speaking Jäger , there were hardly any desertions in

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1984-587: The devolution of power to regional authorities, a change in policy slowly began, which gained momentum in the 1990s. Since then a number of far-reaching laws and regulations have been passed and implemented, that protect and promote the use of these three languages and the unique cultural heritage and identity. This has for example been extended to school curricula in the regional languages and street signs becoming bilingual. All three minorities have their own cultural institute which were decreed by national law and receive state funds. The purpose of these cultural institutes

2046-493: The eagle was at the same angle as the plume. The plume was tied up in the form of a rooster tail on a 1.5 mm thick piece of iron wire. The length of the plume was 29 cm. The plume was inserted into the pocket on the hat, so that the feathers hung towards the rear in an arch. On the march the Kaiserjäger wore the infantry field cap. The tunic ( Waffenrock ) of the Jäger was – for officers and men – cut in

2108-663: The early Middle Ages, this area was included within the Kingdom of Italy and the March of Verona . In 1027, the Bishopric of Trent was established as a State of the Holy Roman Empire by Emperor Conrad II . It was an ecclesiastical territory, roughly corresponding to the present-day Trentino, governed by the Prince-Bishops of Trento. The Council of Trent , held in three major sessions from 1545 to 1563, with

2170-535: The establishment of a Kaiser-Jäger-Regiment of four battalions and 16 companies . The formation of this regiment began on 16 Jan 1816. By contrast with the Jäger troops of Old Austria that were organized into independent Feldjäger battalions ( k.u.k. Feldjäger ), this new regiment was the only (Imperial and Royal) Jäger regiment of the Empire of Austria until 1895 (when the "Great Regiment of Tyrolean Emperor Rifles", or Großen Regiments der Tiroler Kaiserjäger ,

2232-591: The fighting against the Kingdom of Italy , although it had been assumed in Italy that their " brothers from the unconquered territories ( irredenta ) strive joyfully in the womb of their Mother Italia " ( Gabriele D'Annunzio ). All the greater was the disappointment when the men of Trentino showed no inclination to change sides. On the contrary, the following saying circulated among the Fanti (infantry) and Alpini in 1916: " Dio ci liberi degli irredenti! " ("God deliver us from

2294-744: The first at Trento, was one of the important councils in the history of the Roman Catholic Church . It was an articulation of Roman Catholic doctrine in response to the Protestant Reformation , and specified doctrine on salvation, the sacraments, and the Biblical canon. After the Napoleonic Wars of the early 19th century, the bishopric was secularized and absorbed into the Austrian County of Tyrol . It

2356-549: The following sectors: health, education, welfare and transport infrastructure. The provincial council comprises 35 members, one of whom must by law be drawn from the Ladin minority. In the elections in 2023 , the centre-right coalition won 21 of 35 seats in the province's council. These 21 seats were distributed between the Trentino League with 6 seats (including the provincial governor ("presidente") Maurizio Fugatti ),

2418-579: The former Hotel Imperial in Trento. Due to the division of the province into the 217 municipalities ( Comuni/Gemeinden ), often of small or even tiny size, in the late 1970s, eleven larger units known as districts ( comprensori ) were introduced. The municipalities forming a district elect the council for that district. However, this tier of government has provoked criticism, and, in 2006, a reform created fifteen more homogeneous "Valley Communities" ( comunità di valle , Talgemeinden ) and one territory including

2480-464: The general law . It was a common facet of feudal law . The word is derived from Old French prerogative (14c.), M.L. prerogativa "special right", from Latin praerogativa "prerogative, previous choice or election", originally (with tribus , centuria ) "100 voters who by lot voted first in the Roman comitia ", from praerogativus (adj.) "chosen to vote first". This law -related article

2542-475: The mountain passes. Cross country racing such as the Cross della Vallagarina and the 10-kilometre road running competition Giro al Sas also take place. Association football is a popular ball sport in Trentino. Teams within the region are U.S. Alta Vallagarina , A.C. Mezzocorona , A.S.D. Porfido Albiano and Trento Calcio 1921 . Trentino Volley is a professional Italian volleyball team. It has played in

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2604-401: The municipalities of Trento , Cimone , Aldeno and Garniga Terme (see Municipalities of Trentino ). As of 2009, the only municipalities with a population over 20,000 were Trento, Rovereto , and Pergine Valsugana . The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was 25.5 billion euros in 2023, accounting for 1.2% of Italy's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power

2666-571: The name Tyrolean Rifles was withdrawn. After the return of Tyrol to the Austrian Empire in 1814, the reorganization of a Tyrolean rifle corps was immediately begun. Initially it consisted of one battalion, but was later expanded to three. The inhaber of the Rifles was Feldmarschall-Leutnant Franz Philipp Fenner von Fenneberg (1762–1824), which resulted in the contemporary title of Fennerjäger . In spring 1815, Emperor Francis I directed

2728-470: The new 1972 autonomous status, the administrative name of the province is autonomous province of Trento (Italian: provincia autonoma di Trento ; German: Autonome Provinz Trient ). The history of Trentino begins in the mid- Stone Age . The valleys of what is now Trentino were already inhabited by man, the main settlements being in the valley of the Adige River , thanks to its milder climate. In

2790-527: The population of Trentino was 541,098. The highest concentration of the population is located around the capital city of Trento, and the southern parts. The whole region is divided up into 175 municipalities. The majority of the Trentino population is Italian -speaking with its local dialects. The region is also home to three indigenous linguistic minorities, which are Ladin , Mócheno and Cimbrian . All languages are protected by regional and provincial laws, statutes, and regulations. After World War II and

2852-462: The population of around 7,500 in the Fassa Valley. A number of Nones and Solandro speakers identified as Ladin speakers, while others chose not to exercise that option due to the disagreement whether or not their languages are Ladin or a separate idiom. The Trentino is a region of cultural encounters. Already in the past Germans , Italians and Ladins joined in this area. The alpine province

2914-522: The promotion of German-speaking minorities mòchene and Cimbre. In the region there are numerous castles. With the financial aid of province, some of them could be restored and are now open to the public. Here the most important: The region offers many opportunities for mountain climbing and trekking and winter sports . Important winter events are the world championships organised by the International Ski Federation (FSI) such as

2976-406: The regiment had six battalions, each of six companies, and a depot battalion, from which a seventh battalion was supposed to be created in time of mobilization. After the introduction of general conscription ( Wehrpflicht ) in 1868 the regiment comprised seven battalions, seven reserve companies and a battalion recruiting cadre . In 1880 the regiment was brought up to a strength of ten battalions by

3038-634: The rifle troops was that the private soldier was called a Jäger (rifleman, literally "hunter") whereas the lowest NCO's rank was that of Unterjäger ( unter normally meaning "under" or "below"). Monuments to the fallen Kaiserjägers were erected in Bregenz and in the Innsbruck district of Amras during the First World War and in the interwar period. The Kaiserjäger monument in Bolzano , which

3100-539: The same style as the line infantry. The other ranks' coat was made of pike gray cloth and had grass-green epaulettes , shoulder trim, collar and cuffs. The buttons for all regiments were yellow and marked with the battalion number. The short plain jackets worn by the Jägers for active service and ordinary duties, were of the same colour as the tunics with grass-green gorget patches to indicate their arm of service. Their remaining items of dress were no different from those of

3162-652: The southern part of Tyrol. The corresponding Italian name was Tirolo Meridionale , which was historically used to describe the wider southern part of the County of Tyrol, specifically Trentino and sometimes also today's South Tyrol, or Tirolo Italiano . In its wider sense, Trentino was first used around 1848 in an article by a member of the Frankfurt National Assembly ; it became a popular term among leftist intellectual circles in Austria. Since

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3224-504: The start of fighting on the Italian front. The orders shown in the illustration and handwritten notes of a Kaiserjäger sergeant ( Zugsführer ) bear witness to the operations of the unit during the First World War : This Kaiserjäger (later Alpine Company or, Hochgebirgs-Kompanie , No. 30) fought: For that he was awarded the following honours: The Kaiserjäger were not mountain troops, but regular infantry. These well-trained peacetime soldiers were regularly sacrificed during

3286-465: The territory of the province there are numerous museums, which have had significant development over the last twenty years by the financial resources of the province. Among the main ones: Also worthy of note are the cultural institutes and museums dedicated to the three minorities of the province, the Istitut cultural Ladin "majon di fascegn" in Val di Fassa and the "Kulturinstitut Bersntol - Lusérn" for

3348-458: The units (official abbreviation TJR for Tyrolean Jäger Regiment) were based in the following towns and cities of the three Tyrolean regions ( North , South and Welsch Tyrol) in August 1914: The Kaiserjäger saw operational service at the storming of Casina Fersada on 23 February 1849, the attack on the village of Pregasina on 16 June 1848, the night battle at Volta on 26 June 1848, capture of

3410-412: The unsaved"). Because of the possibility of unrest the 2nd TJR was moved in 1916 with its garrison (and the recruit battalion cadre ) to Beneschau in Bohemia . The uniforms of the Jäger units were the same, except in minor details. A hat made of matte black, waterproof felt served as the parade headdress. It consisted of a crown and brim adorned with a circular, green cord, the Jäger emblem and

3472-399: Was 37,900 euros or 126% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 119% of the EU average. Despite the overwhelmingly mountainous nature of the territory, agriculture remains important. Farms often join to form larger cooperatives. The most important produce comprises apples (50% of national production, together with South Tyrol) and other fruit, vegetables (primarily in

3534-399: Was created by Karl Ernstberger in 1917/18 but not completed, was demolished by the Italian fascist regime in 1926/27 to make room for the Bolzano Victory Monument . The sculptures of the former Bolzano monument, which were designed by Franz Ehrenhöfer, can now be found at the Bergisel in Innsbruck. In order to maintain the tradition of the Jäger , in 2000 the annual officer cadet intake at

3596-421: Was for 12 years; later, this was reduced to 8 years and then 6 years, the pay of the soldiers being commensurate with length of service. For 33 years the organization of the regiment remained unchanged until, in 1849, it was restructured into six battalions of four companies and one battalion of six companies. In 1859 an additional 8th battalion was established. In 1863, another reorganization followed; from now on

3658-416: Was governed by the House of Habsburg-Lorraine . The region was the location of heavy fighting during World War I , as it was directly on the front lines between Austria-Hungary and Italy . Trentino was occupied by Italy in November 1918 and was annexed in 1919 by the Kingdom of Italy in the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919) . After World War II , the Italian and Austrian Foreign Ministers signed

3720-405: Was of a greyer shade than the light blue shown in illustrations on this page) had distinguished the jäger regiments of the Austrian (and subsequently Austro-Hungarian ) armies from 1801 until 1915. In 1908 it had been adopted as the universal color of the new field service uniform adopted for most of the army except the cavalry, except for the cavalry. The Kaiserjäger were often confused with

3782-442: Was split up. The soldiers of this regiment, whose strength was 5,000 men, were recruited by state conscription ( Konscription ) - until the introduction of general conscription ( Wehrpflicht ) in 1868, their posts were determined by lot - and by the absorption of 1,400 men from the former Fennerjägerkorps and of 600 Tyrolean soldiers who returned to their homeland after the end of the Napoleonic Wars . Initially conscription service

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3844-430: Was the Regimental Colonel (or Inhaber ); his second-in-command ( Zweitinhaber ) and the commanding officers were personally appointed by him. On 1 May 1895 the 16 battalions of the Tyrolean Jäger Regiment (Emperor Franz Joseph) ( Tiroler Jägerregiment Kaiser Franz Joseph ) were directed to form into 4 regiments that were set up as follows: As a result of the usually frequent moves of the garrisons in Austria-Hungary,

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