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28-473: Mogotes ( Spanish pronunciation: [moˈɣotes] ) is a town and municipality in the Santander Department , in northeastern Colombia . 6°29′N 72°58′W  /  6.483°N 72.967°W  / 6.483; -72.967 This Santander Department location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Santander Department Prior to the arrival of

56-466: A maximum depth of 2,000 metres (6,600 ft), making it the second-largest canyon in the world. The canyon was formed in a period since about 30 million years ago. The southern extension near Soatá, contained a Pleistocene paleolake , Lake Soatá . In the Soatá Formation , fossils of this period have been found. The canyon is currently administered by Chicamocha National Park . The canyon

84-594: A quest to find El Dorado . This disrupted or destroyed many of the Amerindian villages. Some ethnic groups like the Yariguíes, Opones, and Carares fought the conquerors until they became extinct. Explorer Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada later went to the area in an effort to appease the tribes. The colonization process in the area was started by Martín Galeano who founded the village of Vélez on July 3, 1539 and Pedro de Ursúa and Ortún Velázquez de Velasco founded

112-480: Is a fermented drink that is prepared with rice, water, wheat flour, sugar, cloves, and cinnamon. All this together forms a desired drink to accompany fritters or meat patties. 12 km from San Gil, on the road that leads to Charalá, you will find a town called Valle de San José. People from this region say this is the best Colombian Chorizo, but people from Santa Rosa de Cabal , in the Coffee Zone , will tell you

140-522: Is a steep sided canyon carved by the Chicamocha River in Colombia . With a maximum depth of 2,000 metres (6,600 ft), an area of 108,000 hectares (270,000 acres) and a length of 227 kilometres (141 mi), the canyon is the second-largest worldwide. The canyon is situated in the departments of Boyacá and Santander , stretching from Soatá in the southeast to Girón and Betulia in

168-511: Is normally prepared with water, potatoes, milk, cream and coriander. Sometimes broth (caldo) and changua comes with chicken or beef. Not to be confused with ajiaco, which is eaten in Bogota with creamy potato, huascas (green herb) and shredded chicken. The wafer is a superfine cookie that is spread with Arequipe (caramel, sweetened milk spread). Over time, other ingredients such as cheese, blackberry, chocolate, etc. have been incorporated. Masato

196-529: Is prepared with peeled corn dough and filled with beef, chicken or pork, chickpeas, onions, and paprika. It is then wrapped in banana leaf giving it a rectangular shape. This is a marinated, salted, sun-dried beef ready to grill. It is a classic dish that can be found in many restaurants as a specialty, served with yucca and chili. A traditional dish of the Guane indigenous inhabitants of this region. The head, wings, and legs of these giant ants are removed, leaving

224-656: Is the result of the erosion caused by the Chicamocha River, which erosional forces created deep cliffs on both sides. The Chicamocha Canyon begins near the town of Soatá in the Department of Boyacá and flows mainly through Santander, extending all the way to the municipality of Lebrija . This geographic feature was caused by the movement of tectonic plates that extend from the Chicamocha Canyon to other regions such as Bucaramanga. South of Zapatoca ,

252-680: The Cambro - Ordovician sequence of Late Cambrian Chicamocha Schist , named after the canyon, and San Pedro Phyllites . This sequence was formerly called 'Silgará Formation'. Following a hiatus, typical for Colombian geology spanning the Silurian , the Devonian Floresta Formation unconformably overlies the Lower Paleozoic section. The Jurassic Pescadero Quartzmonzonite , Jordán , and San Gil Formations , and

280-562: The Chicamocha Canyon where the Guane are situated. During the colony and independence war times, people from Santander were especially recognized for their bravery in battle and their policy of "not even a step back". Soldiers from Santander were valued and respected but also difficult to control as they were, in general, more politically aware than people from other regions and therefore prone to question orders and law. Santander cuisine includes regional specialties and food from

308-747: The Cretaceous Tibú-Mercedes , Aguardiente , Capacho , La Luna , Paja , Rosablanca , and El Tambor Formations overly the Paleozoic succession. Near Jordán, the Las Cruces-Curití , Los Santos and Aratoca Faults cross-cut and form the canyon, around Curití , the canyon is cut by the Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault and near Covarachía the Chicamocha Fault forms the trace of

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336-656: The Province of Tunja , a subdivision of the Viceroyalty of New Granada . On July 9, 1795 the corregimiento of Vélez – San Gil – Socorro was created due to the unsustainability of the Province of Tunja, and local government was established in the village of Socorro. The department's culture descends from a mix of Spanish and Chibcha influences, particularly in the south where the Muisca controlled territory and in

364-598: The Spaniards , the territory now known as Santander was inhabited by Amerindian ethnic groups: Muisca , Chitareros , Laches , Yariguí , Opón , Carare and Guanes . Their political and social structure was based on cacicazgos , a federation of tribes led by a cacique , with different social classes. Their main activity was planting maize , beans , yuca , arracacha , cotton , agave , tobacco , tomato , pineapple and guava , among others. Their agricultural skills were sufficiently developed to take advantage of

392-500: The drainage basin of the Chicamocha River. In the Pleistocene, at the southern extension near Soatá, a paleolake , Lake Soatá formed, which was inhabited by the elephant-like Notiomastodon (described as Haplomastodon waringi found in the Soatá Formation in the canyon. The canyon is one of the treasures of Colombia . In 2009, the canyon was preselected for the election of the 7 natural wonders . The Chicamocha canyon

420-706: The Cabildos' territories. In 1636 the Cabildo of Vélez was transferred to a new jurisdiction centered on the village of Girón , comprising from the Sogamoso River , and Río del Oro to the Magdalena River . The village of San Gil was created in 1689, segregated from the Jurisdiction of Vélez. In 1789 the village of Socorro was also segregated from Vélez and they were all put under the mandate of

448-604: The Chicamocha River and the Suárez River form the Sogamoso River . The canyon represents the southern boundary of the Mesa de Los Santos , a seismically active area known as the Bucaramanga Nest . The climate in the highest parts of the canyon near Soatá is cold and humid, changing into a dry and hotter climate near Capitanejo. The lowest areas in the northwest at around 900 metres (3,000 ft) elevation have

476-466: The Department's capital city of Bucaramanga and other cities such as Cepita . The most famous dishes are sancocho , oreada (dried cured beef), mute , egg broth, yellow arepa , masato , guarapo , aguapanela , tamale , and the exotic culona ants . Usually accompanied by pepitoria and yellow arepa, it can be eaten fried, oven-baked, or dried. Flat corn bread. This dish includes chicharron (pork belly-fat) and cooked peeled corn. When possible,

504-498: The body and bum to be fried and seasoned with salt. Created in the town of Vélez, the Veleño Sandwich is prepared with the pulp of ripe Guava and is wrapped in a bijao leaf, giving it a characteristic flavor. It is sometimes paired with goat cheese. A soup prepared with water, potatoes, toast, coriander, and egg (no milk or cream) and enjoyed for breakfast or lunch. There is also a variation called changua or chingua, which

532-516: The canyon, with frequent accidents and very restricted access can lead to long traffic jams. The canyon is currently administered by Chicamocha National Park ( Spanish : Parque Nacional del Chicamocha , PANACHI ). The Chicamocha Canyon started forming in the Early Oligocene , when Colombia was undergoing a tectonically active phase of the Andean orogeny . The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta

560-420: The different mountainous terrains. The Guanes utilized terraces and an artificial system of irrigation . They had a knowledge of arts and crafts based on ovens to produce ceramics . They had cotton to make clothing and accessories such as hats and bags. Spanish conqueror Antonio de Lebrija led the first expedition through the area in 1529. The area was later invaded c. 1532 by German Ambrosius Ehinger in

588-488: The driest and hottest climate. The vegetation of the canyon north of San Gil is of a dry tropical forest. The region of the Chicamocha Canyon before the Spanish conquest was inhabited by the Guane . Chicamocha Canyon traverses formations of Precambrian to Pleistocene age. In the southeasternmost part, the Soatá Formation forms the youngest geological unit, deposited in terraces surrounding Lake Soatá . Lake Soatá

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616-409: The northwest. The canyon is a major tourist attraction at approximately 55 kilometres (34 mi) from the capital of Santander, Bucaramanga and close to backpacker destination San Gil . National Route 45A , connecting Bogotá with Bucaramanga , between San Gil and Piedecuesta crosses the canyon and offers spectacular sights on both sides of the Chicamocha River. The heavy truck traffic through

644-502: The peeled corn is roasted in clay pots, to provide even more flavor. A soup prepared with a variety of ingredients such as red meat, tripe, beef ribs, grains, potatoes, pasta, corn, and spices. Due to the ingredients included, it has a thick consistency. Pepitoria is prepared with the intestines of a goat or lamb. Served with rice, yuca, and potatoes. The tamale is a dish that is eaten in various parts of Colombia, but in Santander it

672-1688: The same. Among the most outstanding and representative artists of the Colombian Santander Department are Segundo Agelvis , Mario Hernández Prada , Carlos Gómez Castro , Martín Quintero , Oscar Rodríguez Naranjo and Pacheco de Suratá . The department is subdivided into provinces : [REDACTED]   Amazonas [REDACTED]   Antioquia [REDACTED]   Arauca [REDACTED]   Atlántico [REDACTED]   Bolívar [REDACTED]   Boyacá [REDACTED]   Caldas [REDACTED]   Caquetá [REDACTED]   Casanare [REDACTED]   Cauca [REDACTED]   Cesar [REDACTED]   Chocó [REDACTED]   Córdoba [REDACTED]   Cundinamarca [REDACTED]   Guainía [REDACTED]   Guaviare [REDACTED]   Huila [REDACTED]   La Guajira [REDACTED]   Magdalena [REDACTED]   Meta [REDACTED]   Nariño [REDACTED]   N. Santander [REDACTED]   Putumayo [REDACTED]   Quindío [REDACTED]   Risaralda [REDACTED]   San Andrés [REDACTED]   Santander [REDACTED]   Sucre [REDACTED]   Tolima [REDACTED]   Valle del Cauca [REDACTED]   Vaupés [REDACTED]   Vichada Capital district: [REDACTED]   Bogotá Chicamocha Canyon The Chicamocha Canyon ( / ˌ tʃ iː k ə ˈ m oʊ tʃ ə / CHEE -kə- MOH -chə , Spanish : Cañón del Chicamocha )

700-606: The village of Pamplona (now part of the Norte de Santander Department ) in 1549. Once the Amerindian tribes were dominated, the Spanish organized the territory based on Cabildos (councils) to maintain the dominance and administer justice in the conquered territory. Amerindians were assimilated and subject to the encomienda regime to work in agriculture, manufacturing goods, and mines. These two villages functioned as centers for

728-691: Was emplaced during the Eocene and active subduction of the Caribbean and Coiba Plates caused uplift in the Eastern Ranges. The climatological changes of the Oligocene, with a general global cooling trend, strong uplift and changing and restricted weather patterns led to the formation of the early Chicamocha Canyon. Ongoing uplift in the Miocene brought about a larger and higher hinterland for

756-703: Was finally located in the Top 77 of the Natural Wonders. Since 2013, a yearly set of running contests, the Chicamocha Canyon Race , are held around the canyon. The name Chicamocha in the Guane language of the Muisca means "silver thread on a full moon night in the mountain range". Chicamocha Canyon has a length of 227 kilometres (141 mi), extends over 108,000 hectares (270,000 acres), and

784-508: Was probably close to 400 metres (1,300 ft) deep. The paleolake was approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) long and widest between Soatá and Boavita at 7 kilometres (4.3 mi). Fossils of Haplomastodon waringi , Neochoerus sp. and Odocoileus cf. salinae have been found here. The fossil content is fragmentary. The canyon flanks contain outcrops of the Neoproterozoic Bucaramanga Gneiss ,

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