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61-527: Morning precedes afternoon, evening, and night in the sequence of a day . Originally, the term referred to sunrise. The Modern English words "morning" and "tomorrow" began in Middle English as morwening , developing into morwen , then morwe , and eventually morrow . English, unlike some other languages, has separate terms for "morning" and "tomorrow", despite their common root. Other languages, like Dutch , Scots and German , may use

122-464: A " Julian date " system. Companies in Europe often use year, week number, and day for planning purposes. So, for example, an event in a project can happen on w43 (week 43) or w43-1 (Monday, week 43) or, if the year needs to be indicated, on w0643 (the year 2006, week 43; i.e., Monday 23   October–Sunday 29   October 2006). An ISO week-numbering year has 52 or 53 full weeks. That

183-561: A civil day can be either 86,401 or 86,399 SI seconds long on such a day. Other than the two-millisecond variation from tidal deceleration, other factors minutely affect the day's length , which creates an irregularity in the placement of leap seconds. Leap seconds are announced in advance by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) , which measures the Earth's rotation and determines whether

244-409: A distant star (assumed to be fixed). Measuring a day as such is used in astronomy . A sidereal day is about 4 minutes less than a solar day of 24 hours (23 hours 56 minutes and 4.09 seconds), or 0.99726968 of a solar day of 24 hours. There are about 366.2422 stellar days in one mean tropical year (one stellar day more than the number of solar days). Besides a stellar day on Earth , other bodies in

305-458: A function of ordinal dot . In this format, the most significant data item is written before lesser data items i.e. the year before the month before the day. It is consistent with the big-endianness of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system , which progresses from the highest to the lowest order magnitude. That is, using this format textual orderings and chronological orderings are identical. This form

366-415: A leap second is necessary. Discovered by paleontologist John W. Wells , the day lengths of geological periods have been estimated by measuring sedimentation rings in coral fossils , due to some biological systems being affected by the tide. The length of a day at the Earth's formation is estimated at 6 hours. Arbab I. Arbab plotted day lengths over time and found a curved line. Arbab attributed this to

427-477: A new day starting at either the rising or setting of the Sun on the local horizon (Italian reckoning, for example, being 24 hours from sunset, old style). The exact moment of, and the interval between, two sunrises or sunsets depends on the geographical position ( longitude and latitude, as well as altitude), and the time of year (as indicated by ancient hemispherical sundials ). A more constant day can be defined by

488-552: A number in seconds since the beginning of the UNIX Epoch (1970-01-01). Another "ordinal" date system ("ordinal" in the sense of advancing in value by one as the date advances by one day) is in common use in astronomical calculations and referencing and uses the same name as this "logistics" system. The continuity of representation of period regardless of the time of year being considered is highly useful to both groups of specialists. The astronomers describe their system as also being

549-472: A particular event depends on the observed time zone . For example, the air attack on Pearl Harbor that began at 7:48 a.m. Hawaiian time on 7 December 1941 took place at 3:18 a.m. Japan Standard Time , 8 December in Japan. A particular day may be assigned a different nominal date according to the calendar used, so an identifying suffix may be needed where ambiguity may arise. The Gregorian calendar

610-406: A period of enhanced or reduced energy and productivity. The ability of a person to wake up effectively in the morning may be influenced by a gene called " Period 3 ". This gene comes in two forms, a "long" and a "short" variant. It seems to affect the person's preference for mornings or evenings. People who carry the long variant were over-represented as morning people, while the ones carrying

671-420: A point in time to most of the date representations shown here. There is a large variety of formats for dates in use, which differ in the order of date components. These variations use the sample date of 31 May 2006: (e.g. 31/05/2006, 05/31/2006, 2006/05/31), component separators (e.g. 31.05.2006, 31/05/2006, 31-05-2006), whether leading zeros are included (e.g. 31/5/2006 vs. 31/05/2006), whether all four digits of

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732-519: A second as "the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium -133 atom ". This makes the SI-based day last exactly 794,243,384,928,000 of those periods. Various decimal or metric time proposals have been made, but do not redefine the day, and use the day or sidereal day as a base unit. Metric time uses metric prefixes to keep time. It uses

793-659: A single word – morgen  – to signify both "morning" and "tomorrow". Morning prayer is a common practice in several religions. The morning period includes specific phases of the Liturgy of the Hours of Christianity. Some languages that use the time of day in greeting have a special greeting for morning, such as the English good morning . The appropriate time to use such greetings, such as whether it may be used between midnight and dawn , depends on

854-669: A total of 27 leap seconds that have been inserted, so roughly once every other year). The term comes from the Old English term dæġ ( /dæj/ ), with its cognates such as dagur in Icelandic , Tag in German , and dag in Norwegian , Danish , Swedish and Dutch – all stemming from a Proto-Germanic root *dagaz . Several definitions of this universal human concept are used according to context, need, and convenience. Besides

915-731: Is 364 or 371 days instead of the conventional Gregorian year of 365 or 366 days. These 53 week years occur on all years that have Thursday as 1 January and on leap years that start on Wednesday the 1 January. The extra week is sometimes referred to as a ' leap week ', although ISO 8601 does not use this term. In English-language outside North America (mostly in Anglophone Europe and some countries in Australasia), full dates are written as 7 December 1941 (or 7th December 1941 ) and spoken as "the seventh of December, nineteen forty-one" (exceedingly common usage of "the" and "of"), with

976-402: Is a popular time to hunt for comets , as their tails grow more prominent as these objects draw closer to the Sun. The morning (and evening) twilight is used to search for near-Earth asteroids that orbit inside the orbit of the Earth. In mid-latitudes , the mornings near the autumnal equinox are a favorable time period for viewing the zodiacal light . For people, the morning period may be

1037-461: Is either shorthand for the current year or it defines the day of an annual event, such as a birthday on 31 May, a holiday on 1 September, or Christmas on 25 December. Many computer systems internally store points in time in Unix time format or some other system time format. The date (Unix) command—internally using the C date and time functions —can be used to convert that internal representation of

1098-420: Is near the time of the lower culmination of the Sun on the central meridian of the time zone. Such a day may be called a calendar day . A day is commonly divided into 24 hours, with each hour being made up of 60 minutes, and each minute composed of 60 seconds. A sidereal day or stellar day is the span of time it takes for the Earth to make one entire rotation with respect to the celestial background or

1159-760: Is not included in ISO standards. The ordinal was common in the past and is still sometimes used ([the] 4th [of] July or July 4th ). This date format is used in Kazakhstan , Latvia , Nepal , and Turkmenistan . According to the official rules of documenting dates by governmental authorities, the long date format in Kazakh is written in the year–day–month order, e.g. 2006 5 April ( Kazakh : 2006 жылғы 05 сәуір ). There are several standards that specify date formats: Many numerical forms can create confusion when used in international correspondence, particularly when abbreviating

1220-526: Is now widely recognized as extremely problematic, because of the year 2000 problem . Some U.S. government agencies now use ISO 8601 with 4-digit years. When transitioning from one calendar or date notation to another, a format that includes both styles may be developed; for example Old Style and New Style dates in the transition from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar. One of the advantages of using

1281-483: Is organized into calendars as dates , almost always into weeks , months and years . A solar calendar organizes dates based on the Sun's annual cycle, giving consistent start dates for the four seasons from year to year. A lunar calendar organizes dates based on the Moon 's lunar phase . In common usage, a day starts at midnight , written as 00:00 or 12:00 am in 24- or 12-hour clocks , respectively. Because

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1342-425: Is practiced, and each year there will be one 23-hour civil day and one 25-hour civil day. Due to slight variations in the rotation of the Earth, there are rare times when a leap second will get inserted at the end of a UTC day, and so while almost all days have a duration of 86,400 seconds, there are these exceptional cases of a day with 86,401 seconds (in the half-century spanning 1972 through 2022, there have been

1403-421: Is referred to as a heliacal rising . Despite the less favorable lighting conditions for optical astronomy , dawn and morning can be useful for observing objects orbiting close to the Sun. Morning (and evening) serves as the optimum time period for viewing the inferior planets Venus and Mercury . Venus and sometimes Mercury may be referred to as a morning star when they appear in the east prior to sunrise. It

1464-770: Is standard in East Asia, Iran, Lithuania, Hungary, and Sweden; and some other countries to a limited extent. Examples for the 9th of November 2003: It is also extended through the universal big-endian format clock time: 9 November 2003, 18h 14m 12s, or 2003/11/9/18:14:12 or (ISO 8601) 2003-11-09T18:14:12. This sequence is used primarily in the Philippines and the United States . It is also used to varying extents in Canada (though never in Quebec ). This date format

1525-513: Is the world's most widely used civil calendar , and is designated (in English) as AD or CE . Many cultures use religious or regnal calendars such as the Gregorian ( Western Christendom , AD), Hebrew calendar ( Judaism , AM ), the Hijri calendars ( Islam , AH ), Julian calendar ( Eastern Christendom , AD) or any other of the many calendars used around the world . In most calendar systems,

1586-596: The Earth's rotation – the Earth's rotational period is slowing. Because of the way the second is defined, the mean length of a solar day is now about 86,400.002 seconds, and is increasing by about 2 milliseconds per century. Since the rotation rate of the Earth is slowing, the length of a SI second fell out of sync with a second derived from the rotational period. This arose the need for leap seconds , which insert extra seconds into Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) . Although typically 86,400 SI seconds in duration,

1647-470: The ISO 8601 date format is that the lexicographical order ( ASCIIbetical ) of the representations is equivalent to the chronological order of the dates, assuming that all dates are in the same time zone. Thus dates can be sorted using simple string comparison algorithms, and indeed by any left to right collation . For example: The YYYY-MM-DD layout is the only common format that can provide this. Sorting other date representations involves some parsing of

1708-611: The Internal Revenue Service , this format is usually referred to as " ordinal date ", rather than "Julian date". Such ordinal date formats are also used by many computer programs (especially those for mainframe systems). Using a three-digit Julian day number saves one byte of computer storage over a two-digit month plus two-digit day, for example, "January 17" is 017 in Julian versus 0117 in month-day format. OS/390 or its successor, z/OS , display dates in yy.ddd format for most operations. UNIX time stores time as

1769-525: The atmosphere refracts sunlight in such a way that some of it reaches the ground even when the Sun is below the horizon by about 34 minutes of arc. So the first light reaches the ground when the centre of the Sun is still below the horizon by about 50 minutes of arc. Thus, daytime is on average around 7 minutes longer than 12 hours. Daytime is further divided into morning , afternoon , and evening . Morning occurs between sunrise and noon . Afternoon occurs between noon and sunset , or between noon and

1830-445: The celestial equator ; the speed is the same as the average speed of the real Sun, but this removes the variation over a year as the Earth moves along its orbit around the Sun (due to both its velocity and its axial tilt). In terms of Earth's rotation, the average day length is about 360.9856°. A day lasts for more than 360° of rotation because of the Earth's revolution around the Sun. With a full year being slightly more than 360 days,

1891-483: The 345th day of 1999. This system is most often used in US military logistics since it simplifies the process of calculating estimated shipping and arrival dates. For example: say a tank engine takes an estimated 35 days to ship by sea from the US to South Korea. If the engine is sent on 06104 (Friday, 14 April 2006), it should arrive on 06139 (Friday, 19 May). Outside of the US military and some US government agencies, including

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1952-522: The Earth's daily orbit around the Sun is slightly less than 1°, so the day is slightly less than 361° of rotation. Elsewhere in the Solar System or other parts of the universe , a day is a full rotation of other large astronomical objects with respect to its star. For civil purposes, a common clock time is typically defined for an entire region based on the local mean solar time at a central meridian. Such time zones began to be adopted about

2013-519: The Eve of Saint Agnes are remnants of the older pattern when holidays began during the prior evening. The common convention among the ancient Romans , ancient Chinese and in modern times is for the civil day to begin at midnight, i.e. 00:00, and to last a full 24 hours until 24:00, i.e. 00:00 of the next day. The International Meridian Conference of 1884 resolved That the Conference expresses

2074-666: The Solar System have day times, the durations of these being: In the International System of Units (SI), a day not an official unit, but is accepted for use with SI . A day, with symbol d, is defined using SI units as 86,400 seconds; the second is the base unit of time in SI units . In 1967–68, during the 13th CGPM (Resolution 1), the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) redefined

2135-451: The Sun passing through the local meridian , which happens at local noon (upper culmination ) or midnight (lower culmination). The exact moment is dependent on the geographical longitude, and to a lesser extent on the time of the year. The length of such a day is nearly constant (24 hours ± 30 seconds). This is the time as indicated by modern sundials. A further improvement defines a fictitious mean Sun that moves with constant speed along

2196-404: The addressee's last name after the salutation: Good morning, Mr. Smith. For some, the word morning may refer to the period immediately following waking up, irrespective of the current time of day. This modern sense of morning is due largely to the worldwide spread of electricity, and the independence from natural light sources. When a star first appears in the east just prior to sunrise, it

2257-500: The change of water volume present affecting Earth's rotation. For most diurnal animals, the day naturally begins at dawn and ends at sunset. Humans, with their cultural norms and scientific knowledge, have employed several different conceptions of the day's boundaries. In the Hebrew Bible , Genesis 1:5 defines a day in terms of "evening" and "morning" before recounting the creation of the Sun to illuminate it: "And God called

2318-427: The culture's or speaker's concept of morning. The use of 'good morning' is ambiguous, usually depending on when the person woke up. As a general rule, the greeting is normally used from 3:00 a.m. to around noon. Many people greet someone with the shortened 'morning' rather than 'good morning'. It is used as a greeting, never a farewell, unlike 'good night' which is used as the latter. To show respect, one can add

2379-505: The date as "the Nth day of [month] in the year of our Lord [year]" in Western religious and legal documents. The format has shortened over time but the order of the elements has remained constant. The following examples use the date of 9 November 2006. (With the years 2000–2009, care must be taken to ensure that two digit years do not intend to be 1900–1909 or other similar years .) The dots have

2440-476: The date consists of three parts: the (numbered) day of the month , the month , and the (numbered) year . There may also be additional parts, such as the day of the week . Years are usually counted from a particular starting point, usually called the epoch , with era referring to the span of time since that epoch. A date without the year may also be referred to as a date or calendar date (such as "28 November" rather than "28 November 2024"). As such, it

2501-484: The date strings. This also works when a time in 24-hour format is included after the date, as long as all times are understood to be in the same time zone. ISO 8601 is used widely where concise, human-readable yet easily computable and unambiguous dates are required, although many applications store dates internally as UNIX time and only convert to ISO 8601 for display. All modern computer Operating Systems retain date information of files outside of their titles, allowing

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2562-437: The day as the base unit, and smaller units being fractions of a day: a metric hour ( deci ) is 1 ⁄ 10 of a day; a metric minute ( milli ) is 1 ⁄ 1000 of a day; etc. Similarly, in decimal time, the length of a day is static to normal time. A day is also split into 10 hours, and 10 days comprise a décade – the equivalent of a week. 3 décades make a month. Various decimal time proposals which do not redefine

2623-445: The day do not have set times; they can vary by lifestyle or hours of daylight in a given place. Daytime is the part of the day during which sunlight directly reaches the ground, assuming that there are no obstacles. The length of daytime averages slightly more than half of the 24-hour day. Two effects make daytime on average longer than night. The Sun is not a point but has an apparent size of about 32 minutes of arc . Additionally,

2684-424: The day of 24 hours (86,400 seconds), the word day is used for several different spans of time based on the rotation of the Earth around its axis. An important one is the solar day , the time it takes for the Sun to return to its culmination point (its highest point in the sky). Due to an orbit's eccentricity, the Sun resides in one of the orbit's foci instead of the middle. Consequently, due to Kepler's second law ,

2745-514: The day: Henri de Sarrauton's proposal kept days, and subdivided hours into 100 minutes; in Mendizábal y Tamborel's proposal, the sidereal day was the basic unit, with subdivisions made upon it; and Rey-Pailhade's proposal divided the day 100 cés. The word refers to various similarly defined ideas, such as: Mainly due to tidal deceleration – the Moon's gravitational pull slowing down

2806-445: The evening twilight begins at sunset and ends at dusk . Both periods of twilight can be divided into civil twilight , nautical twilight , and astronomical twilight . Civil twilight is when the sun is up to 6 degrees below the horizon; nautical when it is up to 12 degrees below, and astronomical when it is up to 18 degrees below. Night is the period in which the sky is dark ; the period between dusk and dawn when no light from

2867-481: The hope that as soon as may be practicable the astronomical and nautical days will be arranged everywhere to begin at midnight. In ancient Egypt the day was reckoned from sunrise to sunrise. Prior to 1926, Turkey had two time systems: Turkish , counting the hours from sunset, and French , counting the hours from midnight. Humans have divided the day in rough periods, which can have cultural implications, and other effects on humans' biological processes. The parts of

2928-535: The light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day." The Jewish day begins at either sunset or nightfall (when three second- magnitude stars appear). Medieval Europe also followed this tradition, known as Florentine reckoning: In this system, a reference like "two hours into the day" meant two hours after sunset and thus times during the evening need to be shifted back one calendar day in modern reckoning. Days such as Christmas Eve , Halloween (“All Hallows’ Eve”), and

2989-491: The mid-20th century. In the United States, it is said as of Sunday, November 9, for example, although usage of "the" is not uncommon (e.g. Sunday, November the 9th , and even November the 9th, Sunday , are also possible and readily understood). Modern style guides recommend avoiding the use of the ordinal (e.g. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th) form of numbers when the day follows the month (July 4 or July 4, 2024), and that format

3050-419: The middle of the 19th century when railroads with regularly occurring schedules came into use, with most major countries having adopted them by 1929. As of 2015, throughout the world, 40 such zones are now in use: the central zone, from which all others are defined as offsets, is known as UTC+00 , which uses Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) . The most common convention starts the civil day at midnight : this

3111-518: The occasional usage of December 7, 1941 ("December the seventh, nineteen forty-one"). In common with most continental European usage, however, all-numeric dates are invariably ordered dd/mm/yyyy. In Canada and the United States , the usual written form is December 7, 1941 , spoken as "December seventh, nineteen forty-one" or colloquially "December the seventh, nineteen forty-one". Ordinal numerals, however, are not always used when writing and pronouncing dates, and "December seven, nineteen forty-one"

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3172-553: The planet travels at different speeds at various positions in its orbit, and thus a solar day is not the same length of time throughout the orbital year. Because the Earth moves along an eccentric orbit around the Sun while the Earth spins on an inclined axis, this period can be up to 7.9 seconds more than (or less than) 24 hours. In recent decades, the average length of a solar day on Earth has been about 86,400.002 seconds (24.000 000 6 hours). There are currently about 365.2421875 solar days in one mean tropical year . Ancient custom has

3233-423: The same day. In specific applications, the definition of a day is slightly modified, such as in the SI day (exactly 86,400 seconds ) used for computers and standards keeping , local mean time accounting of the Earth's natural fluctuation of a solar day , and stellar day and sidereal day (using the celestial sphere ) used for astronomy . In most countries outside of the tropics , daylight saving time

3294-503: The short variant were evening preference people. Day A day is the time period of a full rotation of the Earth with respect to the Sun . On average, this is 24 hours (86,400 seconds ). As a day passes at a given location it experiences morning , noon , afternoon , evening , and night . This daily cycle drives circadian rhythms in many organisms, which are vital to many life processes. A collection of sequential days

3355-430: The start of evening. This period of time sees human's highest body temperature , an increase of traffic collisions , and a decrease of productivity . Evening begins around 5 or 6 pm, or when the sun sets, and ends when one goes to bed. Twilight is the period before sunrise and after sunset in which there is natural light but no direct sunlight. The morning twilight begins at dawn and ends at sunrise, while

3416-438: The sun is visible. Light pollution during night can impact human and animal life, for example by disrupting sleep. Calendar date A calendar date is a reference to a particular day represented within a calendar system. The calendar date allows the specific day to be identified. The number of days between two dates may be calculated. For example, "25 November 2024" is ten days after "15 November 2024". The date of

3477-523: The time of midnight varies between locations, time zones are set up to facilitate the use of a uniform standard time . Other conventions are sometimes used, for example the Jewish religious calendar counts days from sunset to sunset, so the Jewish Sabbath begins at sundown on Friday . In astronomy , a day begins at noon so that observations throughout a single night are recorded as happening on

3538-421: The user to choose which format they prefer and have them sorted thus, irrespective of the files' names. The U.S. military sometimes uses a system, known to them as the "Julian date format", which indicates the year and the actual day out of the 365 days of the year (and thus a designation of the month would not be needed). For example, "11 December 1999" can be written in some contexts as "1999345" or "99345", for

3599-524: The year are written (e.g., 31.05.2006 vs. 31.05.06), and whether the month is represented in Arabic or Roman numerals or by name (e.g. 31.05.2006, 31.V.2006 vs. 31 May 2006). This little-endian sequence is used by a majority of the world and is the preferred form by the United Nations when writing the full date format in official documents. This date format originates from the custom of writing

3660-615: The year to its final two digits, with no context. For example, "07/08/06" could refer to either 7 August 2006 or July 8, 2006 (or 1906, or the sixth year of any century), or 2007 August 6, and even in some extremely rare cases it could mean 2007 8 June. The date format of YYYY-MM-DD in ISO 8601, as well as other international standards, have been adopted for many applications for reasons including reducing transnational ambiguity and simplifying machine processing. An early U.S. Federal Information Processing Standard recommended 2-digit years. This

3721-586: Was commonly used alongside the little-endian form in the United Kingdom until the mid-20th century and can be found in both defunct and modern print media such as the London Gazette and The Times , respectively. This format was also commonly used by several English-language print media in many former British colonies and also one of two formats commonly used in India during British Raj era until

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