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53-779: Matagarup Bridge is a suspension pedestrian bridge crossing over the Swan River in Perth , Western Australia. Situated approximately half-way between Heirisson Island and the Goongoongup Bridge , it provides pedestrian access between Burswood and East Perth . The bridge connects visitors to the Burswood Peninsula, including the Perth Stadium , with public transport and car parks in East Perth and

106-434: A suspended-deck bridge that is "simple" in that its deck is not stiffened. Although simple suspension bridges and "simple" suspended deck bridges are similar in many respects, they differ in their physics. On a simple suspension bridge, the main cables (or chains) follow a hyperbolic curve, the catenary . This is because the main cables are free hanging. In contrast, on a suspended deck bridge (whether "simple" or not)

159-484: A zip-line from the top of the bridge to the ground were also explored, and both attractions were later given the greenlight to proceed. Operated by Perth Bridge Climb and Zip, the bridge climb opened on 26 January 2021, with a zip-line from the bridge to the Burswood Peninsula later opening in December 2021 after several delays. The estimated cost of the bridge, as of June 2015, was $ 54 million. As of January 2018,

212-587: A zip-line or cableway . In some cases, such as the Capilano Suspension Bridge , the primary supports form the handrails with the deck suspended below them. This makes for more motion side-to-side in the deck than when the primary supports are at deck level, but less motion in the handrails. Disadvantages connected with simple suspension bridges are very great. The location of the deck is limited, massive anchorages and piers generally are required, and loading produces transient deformation of

265-408: A bridge may employ vertical drop cables from each side at the center of the bridge, anchored to the ground below. The lightest of these bridges, without decking, are suitable for use only by pedestrians. Light bridges with decking, and sufficient tension that crossing the bridge does not approach climbing, may be used also by pack horses (and other animals), equestrians, and bicycle riders. To walk

318-603: A disability can cross them. Types of footbridges include: The residential-scale footbridges all span a short distance and can be used for a broad range of applications. Complicated engineering is not needed and the footbridges are built with readily available materials and basic tools. Different types of design footbridges include: Footbridges can also be built in the same ways as road or rail bridges; particularly suspension bridges and beam bridges . Some former road bridges have had their traffic diverted to alternative crossings and have become pedestrian bridges; examples in

371-438: A footrope with overhead rope); and tyrolienne ("Tyrolean": a zip-line). Zip-lines can be traversed by hanging below, or walked (by individuals with exceptional balance). A more developed version of the pont himalayen , provided with a deck between a pair of main cables, is known as a passerelle himalayenne ( French , "Himalayan footbridge"). Examples of this type include two bridges at Lac de Monteynard-Avignonet in

424-423: A lighter bridge of this type at a reasonable pace requires a particular gliding step, as the more normal walking step will induce traveling waves that can cause the traveler to pitch (uncomfortably) up and down or side-to-side. The exception is a stabilized bridge, which may be quite stable. Simple suspension bridges have applications in outdoor recreation . They are a popular choice for tree-top trails and, where

477-415: A river and woven together when they grew long enough to span the gap. The addition of planks produced a serviceable bridge. The very lightest bridges of this type consist of a single footrope and nothing more. These are tightropes and slacklines , and require skill to use. More commonly, the footrope is accompanied by one or two handrail ropes, connected at intervals by vertical side ropes. This style

530-469: A structure otherwise difficult to reach are referred as catwalks or cat walks . Such catwalks are located above a stage ( theater catwalk ) in a theater, between parts of a building, along the side of a bridge, on the inside of a tunnel, on the outside of any large storage tank in a refinery or elsewhere, etc. The walkway on the outside (top) of a railroad cars such as boxcars , before air brakes came into use, or on top of some covered hopper cars

583-920: A total length of 2,063 metres (6,768 ft). Before it was demolished in 2011, the Hornibrook Bridge which crossed Bramble Bay in Queensland , Australia was longer than the Poughkeepsie Bridge at 2.684 km (1.668 mi). Much rural travel takes place on local footpaths , tracks and village roads. These provide essential access to water, firewood, farm plots and the classified road network. Communities and/or local government are generally responsible for this infrastructure . Pedestrian overpasses over highways or railroads are expensive, especially when elevators or long ramps for wheelchair users are required. Without elevators or ramps, people with mobility handicaps will not be able to use

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636-707: Is a timber bridge that fall naturally or are intentionally felled or placed across streams. Some of the first man-made bridges with significant span were probably intentionally felled trees. Among the oldest timber bridges is the Holzbrücke Rapperswil-Hurden crossing upper Lake Zürich in Switzerland; the prehistoric timber piles discovered to the west of the Seedamm date back to 1523 B.C. The first wooden footbridge led across Lake Zürich , followed by several reconstructions at least until

689-576: Is a primitive type of bridge in which the deck of the bridge lies on two parallel load-bearing cables that are anchored at either end. They have no towers or piers. The cables follow a shallow downward catenary arc which moves in response to dynamic loads on the bridge deck. The arc of the deck and its large movement under load make such bridges unsuitable for vehicular traffic. Simple suspension bridges are restricted in their use to foot traffic. For safety, they are built with stout handrail cables, supported on short piers at each end, and running parallel to

742-582: Is a type of pedestrian separation structure , examples of which are particularly found near schools. The simplest type of bridge is stepping stones , so this may have been one of the earliest types of footbridge. Neolithic people also built a form of a boardwalk across marshes, of which the Sweet Track , and the Post Track are examples from England, that are around 6000 years old. Undoubtedly ancient peoples would also have used log bridges ; that

795-534: Is also called a catwalk . With the exception of those on top of railroad cars, catwalks are equipped with railings or handrails . Since the early 1980s, several charities have developed standardized footbridge designs that are sustainable for use in developing countries . The first charity to develop such designs was Helvetas, located in Zurich, Switzerland. Designs that can be sustainably and efficiently used in developing countries are typically made available to

848-560: Is an ancient form of bridge found on the moors of Devon ( Dartmoor and Exmoor ) and in other upland areas of the United Kingdom including Snowdonia and Anglesey , Cumbria , Yorkshire and Lancashire . It is formed by large flat slabs of stone, often granite or schist , supported on stone piers (across rivers), or resting on the banks of streams. Although often credited with prehistoric origin, most were erected in medieval times, and some in later centuries. A famous example

901-606: Is found in the village of Postbridge . First recorded in the 14th century, the bridge is believed to have been originally built in the 13th century to enable pack horses to cross the river. Nowadays clapper bridges are only used as footbridges. The Kapellbrücke is a 204-metre-long (669 ft) footbridge crossing the River Reuss in the city of Lucerne in Switzerland. It is the oldest wooden covered bridge in Europe, and one of Switzerland's main tourist attractions. The bridge

954-460: Is known as a rope bridge due to its historical construction from rope . Inca rope bridges still are formed from native materials, chiefly rope, in some areas of South America. These rope bridges must be renewed periodically owing to the limited lifetime of the materials, and rope components are made by families as contributions to a community endeavor. Simple suspension bridges, for use by pedestrians and livestock, are still constructed, based on

1007-415: Is sometimes known as a skyway . Bridges providing for both pedestrians and cyclists are often referred to as greenbridges and form an important part of a sustainable transport system. Footbridges are often situated to allow pedestrians to cross water or railways in areas where there are no nearby roads. They are also located across roads to let pedestrians cross safely without slowing traffic. The latter

1060-400: Is the longest enclosed pedestrian bridge, completed on October 1, 2021. The 305 metre bridge was part of a $ 250 million project to UWM's offices, which converted a former warehouse and utilized shipping containers for offices, corridors, and other spaces. The Walkway Over The Hudson footbridge was originally built for trains, it was recently restored as a pedestrian walkway. The footbridge has

1113-501: Is used by mountaineers and is employed extensively in New Zealand on lesser backcountry walking tracks where examples are referred to as 'three wire bridges'. A slightly heavier variation has two ropes supporting a deck, and two handrail ropes. Handrails are necessary because these bridges are prone to oscillate side to side and end to end. Rarely, the footrope (or footrope plus handrails) is combined with an overhead rope similar to

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1166-487: The Perth central business district . The bridge was the featured location for Australia's "Postcard" during the broadcast of Eurovision Song Contest 2023 , showing the Australian entrant Voyager climbing and zip-lining from the bridge. It was featured alongside Kyiv's Glass Bridge and Clifton Suspension Bridge . In February 2014, the government called for expressions of interest for the design and construction of

1219-749: The Pont de Solférino in Paris and the Millennium Bridge in London. To ensure footbridges are accessible to disabled and other mobility-impaired people, careful consideration is nowadays also given to provision of access lifts or ramps , as required by relevant legislation (e.g. Disability Discrimination Act 1995 in the UK). Some old bridges in Venice are now equipped with a stairlift so that residents with

1272-470: The equation in response to a challenge by Jakob Bernoulli . Their solutions were published in the Acta Eruditorum for June 1691. A stressed ribbon bridge also has one or more catenary curves and a deck laid on the main cables. Unlike a simple suspension bridge however, a stressed ribbon bridge has a stiff deck, usually due to the addition of compression elements (concrete slabs) laid over

1325-475: The 15th century, including Chushul Chakzam and one at Chuka . Another example, the Luding Bridge , dates from 1703, spanning 100 m using 11 iron chains. Development of wire cable suspension bridges dates to the temporary simple suspension bridge at Annonay built by Marc Seguin and his brothers in 1822. It spanned only 18 m. However, simple suspension bridge designs were made largely obsolete by

1378-525: The 19th century invention and patent of the suspended deck bridge by James Finley . A late 18th century English painting of a bridge in Srinagar , then part of the Garhwal Kingdom , anticipates the invention of the suspended deck bridge. This unusual bridge, built on a floodplain, had suspended deck ramps used to access a simple suspension bridge supported from towers. This type of bridge

1431-941: The Island of Montreal, was measured by a calibrated device as being 7,512 feet or 2,290 meters or 1.4227 miles or 2.290 kilometers long starting and ending where the treadway rises above the ground and a pedestrian could access the bridge as close as possible to the St Lawrence River. Sky Bridge 721 , the longest pedestrian suspension bridge, which spans in the Králický Sněžník mountain in the Czech Republic, opened in May 2022. The 721 metres (2,365 ft) bridge hangs 95 metres (312 ft) above ground. The United Wholesale Mortgage Pedestrian Bridge in Pontiac, Michigan

1484-507: The UK include The Iron Bridge at Ironbridge , Shropshire , the Old Bridge at Pontypridd and Windsor Bridge at Windsor, Berkshire . Most footbridges are equipped with guard rails to reduce the risk of pedestrians falling. Where they pass over busy roads or railways, they may also include a fence or other such barrier to prevent pedestrians from jumping, or throwing projectiles onto

1537-464: The ancient Inca rope bridge but using wire rope and sometimes steel or aluminium grid decking, rather than wood. In modern bridges, materials used instead of (fiber) rope include wire rope , chain , and special-purpose articulated steel beams. In the northeast Indian state of Meghalaya , Khasi and Jaintia tribal people have created living root bridges , which are a form of tree shaping . Here, simple suspension bridges are made by training

1590-751: The arrival of the Spanish in the Andes in the 16th century. The oldest known suspension bridge, reported from ruins, dates from the 7th century in Central America (see Maya Bridge at Yaxchilan ). Simple suspension bridges using iron chains are also documented in Tibet and China . One bridge on the upper Yangtze dates back to the 7th century. Several are attributed to Tibetan monk Thang Tong Gyalpo , who reportedly built several in Tibet and Bhutan in

1643-486: The bridge arches representing the wishbones, but it can also be seen as a swimming dolphin, a Wagyl serpent or a ribbon. 900 metres (3,000 ft) of multicolour LED lighting cover the bridge. Design modifications were made to allow bridge climbing as a tourist attraction. The modifications included the addition of handrails along the wishbones and a viewing elevated platform; the structural design already included stairs for bridge inspection and maintenance works. Plans for

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1696-567: The bridge was gained through angular sculptures of four winged lions crowning the abutments . They were designed by sculptor Pavel Sokolov (1764-1835), who also contributed lions for Bridge of Lions . Design of footbridges normally follows the same principles as for other bridges. However, because they are normally significantly lighter than vehicular bridges, they are more vulnerable to vibration and therefore dynamics effects are often given more attention in design. International attention has been drawn to this issue in recent years by problems on

1749-438: The bridge. Four parties were shortlisted to bid; a Decmil/OHL joint venture, Freyssinet, Georgiou, and a York Civil / Rizzani de Eccher joint venture with the latter awarded the contract. Western Australian company BARDAP Hydraulics was contracted to design, manufacture, and commission the high pressure jacking system which was deployed to install the deck sections. Due to delays and issues, Malaysian-based Toyota Tsusho , which

1802-425: The bridge. From 7–9 July, hundreds of volunteers walked across the bridge so that engineers could assess the movement of the structure and tune the bridge's mass damper to minimise vibrations. The bridge was opened to the public on 14 July 2018. Landscaping and removal of the lay-down area and reclaimed land continued after the bridge was opened. The structure is designed as a 3-span steel cable-stayed bridge, with

1855-426: The construction cost had increased to $ 91.5 million. Pedestrian bridge For rural communities in the developing world, a footbridge may be a community's only access to medical clinics, schools, businesses and markets. Simple suspension bridge designs have been developed to be sustainable and easily constructed in such areas using only local materials and labor. An enclosed footbridge between two buildings

1908-415: The deck. Solutions to these problems led to a wide variety of methods of stiffening the deck, resulting in several other types of suspension bridge. These include a stressed ribbon bridge , which is closely related to a simple suspension bridge but has a stiffened deck suitable for vehicle traffic. A very light bridge, constructed with cables under high tension, may approach a suspended deck bridge in

1961-512: The late 2nd century AD, when the Roman Empire built a 6-metre-wide (20 ft) wooden bridge. Between 1358 and 1360, Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria , built a 'new' wooden bridge across the lake that has been used to 1878 – measuring approximately 1,450 metres (4,760 ft) in length and 4 metres (13 ft) wide. On April 6, 2001, the reconstructed wooden footbridge was opened, being the longest wooden bridge in Switzerland. A clapper bridge

2014-404: The load-bearing cables. Sometime these may be the primary load-bearing element, with the deck suspended below. Simple suspension bridges are considered the most efficient and sustainable design in rural regions, especially for river crossings that lie in non- floodplain topography such as gorges. In some contexts the term "simple suspension bridge" refers not to this type of bridge but rather to

2067-401: The main cables follow a parabolic curve . This is because the main cables are tied at uniform intervals to the bridge deck below (see suspension bridge curve ). The differences between these two curves were a question of importance in the 17th century, worked on by Isaac Newton . The solution was found in 1691, by Gottfried Leibniz , Christiaan Huygens , and Johann Bernoulli who derived

2120-510: The main cables. This stiffness allows the bridge to be much heavier, wider, and more stable. The simple suspension bridge is the oldest known type of suspension bridge and, ignoring the possibility of pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact , there were at least two independent inventions of the simple suspension bridge, in the wider Himalaya region and South America . The earliest reference to suspension bridges appear in Han dynasty records on

2173-449: The nearly horizontal grade of its deck. The bridge may be stiffened by the addition of cables that do not bear the primary structural or live loads and so may be relatively light. These also add stability in wind. An example is the 220-meter-long (720 ft) bridge across the river Drac at Lac de Monteynard-Avignonet : this bridge has stabilizing cables below and to the side of the deck. To reduce twisting motion in response to users

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2226-605: The north bank of the River Arno until it crosses the river at Ponte Vecchio . It was built in five months by order of Duke Cosimo I de' Medici in 1565, to the design of Giorgio Vasari . Bank Bridge is a famous 25 metre long pedestrian bridge crossing the Griboedov Canal in Saint Petersburg , Russia. Like other bridges across the canal, the existing structure dates from 1826. The special popularity of

2279-686: The public gratis. The record for the longest footbridge in the world was claimed by then New York State Governor David Paterson in a 2009 article about the walkway across the Hudson River at Poughkeepsie, New York . On July 22, 2017, the Champlain Bridge Ice Structure ( French : l'Estacade Champlain ), a bridge built for bicycles and foot traffic only to parallel the Champlain Bridge from Brossard, Quebec west to Nun's Island (L'ile Des Soeurs) &

2332-538: The river is only leg deep, allowing it to be crossed". It had previously been referred to as the Swan River Pedestrian Bridge. The bridge's two main arches were hoisted into place in early May 2018. Matagarup Bridge consists of three spans, each suspended from arches by cables. Each of the three deck sections was craned onto high pressure jacks, connected to flow control manifolds and electric hydraulic power units.  The jacking system enabled

2385-549: The roots of the Ficus elastica species of banyan tree across watercourses. There are examples with a span of over 170 feet (52 m). They are naturally self-renewing and self-strengthening as the component roots grow thicker and some are thought to be more than 500 years old. In the Iya Valley of Japan, bridges have been constructed using wisteria vines. To build such a bridge, these vines were planted on opposite sides of

2438-714: The structure. People may prefer to walk across a busy road rather than climb a bridge. It is recommended that overpasses should only be used where the number of users justify the costs. Narrow, enclosed structures can result in perceptions of low personal security among users. Wider structures and good lighting can help reduce this. A bicycle bridge is a bridge designed to be accessible to both bicycles and pedestrians or in some cases only to bicycles. Simple suspension bridge A simple suspension bridge (also rope bridge , swing bridge (in New Zealand ), suspended bridge , hanging bridge and catenary bridge )

2491-425: The suspension cables to be connected to the respective bridge section, and then lowered with precision control to tension the cables. This work was completed in late June. Testing of the bridge's LED lighting occurred on 18 June. Concrete pouring of the bridge deck was completed on 1 July. On 4 July, Premier Mark McGowan , Transport Minister Rita Saffioti and other officials, as well as bridge workers, walked across

2544-438: The terrain is suitable, for stream crossings. They may be designed without stabilizing so that the free movement of the bridge provides a more interesting experience for the user. In French , a rudimentary simple suspension bridge is known by one of three names, depending on its form: pont himalayen ("Himalayan bridge": a single footrope and handrails on both sides, usually without a deck); pont de singe ("monkey bridge:

2597-414: The traffic below. It was originally usual for passengers to cross from one railway platform to another by stepping over the tracks, but from the mid-19th century onwards safety demanded the provision of a footbridge (or underpass ) at busier places. However, in some quieter areas, crossing the line by walking over the tracks is possible. Narrow footbridges or walkways to allow workers access to parts of

2650-628: The travels of Chinese diplomatic missions to the countries on the western and southern fringe of the Himalaya , namely the Hindukush range in Afghanistan , and the lands of Gandhara and Gilgit . These were simple suspension bridges of three or more cables made from vines , where people walked directly on the ropes to cross. Later, they also used decking made from planks resting on two cables. In South America , Inca rope bridges predate

2703-504: The two piers in the river bed. The bridge maximum height of 72 metres (236 ft) is reached in midspan of the central span. The length between the abutments is 400 metres (1,300 ft), with a 160-metre-long (520 ft) central span. The total length of the pedestrian crossing is 560 metres (1,840 ft), which includes a 100-metre (330 ft) ramp at the East Perth end to route pedestrians away from nearby residential areas. The bridge structural shape resembles two flying swans, with

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2756-851: Was originally built c. 1365 as part of Lucerne's fortifications. An early example of a skyway is the Vasari Corridor , an elevated, enclosed passageway in Florence , Italy, which connects the Palazzo Vecchio with the Palazzo Pitti . Beginning on the south side of the Palazzo Vecchio, it then joins the Uffizi Gallery and leaves on its south side, crossing the Lungarno dei Archibusieri and then following

2809-536: Was sub-contracted to manufacture the bridge components, had its contract terminated; the contract was re-tendered and was won by Perth-based Civmec . In November 2017, the Government announced that the bridge would officially be named "Matagarup Bridge", where "Matagarup" is the Nyungar name for the whole area – waters included – around Heirisson Island , and which means "place where

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