Misplaced Pages

#36963

32-422: The maternal mortality ratio is a key performance indicator (KPI) for efforts to improve the health and safety of mothers before, during, and after childbirth per country worldwide. Often referred to as MMR, it is the annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes). It is not to be confused with

64-405: A control . Lastly, its actions can have a temporal construct of time . Performance indicators differ from business drivers and aims (or goals). A school might consider the failure rate of its students as a key performance indicator which might help the school understand its position in the educational community, whereas a business might consider the percentage of income from returning customers as

96-456: A S.M.A.R.T. way to write management's goals and objectives" introduces a framework for setting management objectives, emphasizing the importance of clear goals. The S.M.A.R.T. criteria he proposes are as follows: Doran clarifies that it's not always feasible to quantify objectives at all management levels, particularly for middle-management roles. He argues for the value in balancing quantifiable objectives with more abstract goals to formulate

128-408: A comprehensive action plan. This emphasizes the integration of objectives with their execution plans as the foundation of effective management. S.M.A.R.T. goals and objectives are key concepts in planning and project management. The acronym, while consistently used, applies differently to goals and objectives. Goals define the broad outcomes intended from a project or assignment, and objectives specify

160-605: A consistent measure of the performance of NHS population screening activities, and publication of up to four main KPIs for the most important contracts outsourced by each UK government department is seen as a measure helping to increase transparency in the delivery of public services. Human Resource Management In practice, overseeing key performance indicators can prove expensive or difficult for organizations. Some indicators such as staff morale may be impossible to quantify. As such, dubious KPIs can be adopted that can be used as

192-585: A monetary value but in a business context they do contribute to the company's profitability. These are some of the examples: Many of these customer KPIs are developed and managed with customer relationship management software. Faster availability of data is a competitive issue for most organizations. For example, businesses that have higher operational/credit risk (involving for example credit cards or wealth management) may want weekly or even daily availability of KPI analysis, facilitated by appropriate IT systems and tools. Overall equipment effectiveness (OEE)

224-488: A particular element of an activity . An activity can have four elements: input, output, control, and mechanism. At a minimum, activity is required to have at least an input and an output. Something goes into the activity as an input ; the activity transforms the input by changing its state , and the activity produces an output . An activity can also enable mechanisms that are typically separated into human and system mechanisms. It can also be constrained in some way by

256-447: A potential KPI. The key stages in identifying KPIs are: Key performance indicators (KPIs) are ways to periodically assess the performances of organizations, business units, and their division, departments and employees. Accordingly, KPIs are most commonly defined in a way that is understandable, meaningful, and measurable. They are rarely defined in such a way that their fulfillment would be hampered by factors seen as non-controllable by

288-442: A result of processing the existing signals may represent the high-level machine performance. These representative signals can be KPI for the machine. Key performance indicators define a set of values against to which measure. These raw sets of values, which can be fed to systems that aggregate the data, are called indicators . There are two categories of measurements for KPIs. An 'indicator' can only measure what 'has' happened, in

320-498: A rough guide rather than a precise benchmark. Key performance indicators can also lead to perverse incentives and unintended consequences as a result of employees working to the specific measurements at the expense of the actual quality or value of their work. Sometimes, collecting statistics can become a substitute for a better understanding of the problems, so the use of dubious KPIs can result in progress in aims and measured effectiveness becoming different. For example, during

352-492: A variety of goals, including lean manufacturing objectives, minority business enterprise and diversity spending, environmental "green" initiatives, cost avoidance programs and low-cost country sourcing targets. Suppliers can implement KPIs to gain a competitive advantage . Suppliers have instant access to a user-friendly portal for submitting standardized cost savings templates. Suppliers and their customers exchange vital supply chain performance data while gaining visibility to

SECTION 10

#1732773200037

384-546: Is a set of broadly accepted nonfinancial metrics that reflect manufacturing success. Most professional services firms (for example, management consultancies, systems integration firms, or digital marketing agencies) use three key performance indicators to track the health of their businesses. They typically use professional services automation (PSA) software to keep track of and manage these metrics. Businesses can utilize supply chain KPIs to establish and monitor progress toward

416-429: Is defined in terms of making progress toward strategic goals. Accordingly, choosing the right KPIs relies upon a good understanding of what is important to the organization. What is deemed important often depends on the department measuring the performance – e.g. the KPIs useful to finance will differ from the KPIs assigned to sales. Since there is a need to understand well what is important, various techniques to assess

448-440: Is evident in the typical decision-making process (e.g. in management of organisations). When a decision-maker considers several options, they must be equipped to properly analyse the status quo to predict the consequences of future actions. Should they make their analysis on the basis of faulty or incomplete information, the predictions will not be reliable and consequently the decision made might yield an unexpected result. Therefore,

480-584: The Vietnam War , US soldiers were shown to be effective in kill ratios and high body counts, but this was misleading when used to measure aims as it did not show the lack of progress towards the US goal of increasing South Vietnamese government control of its territory. Another example would be to measure the productivity of a software development team in terms of lines of source code written. This approach can easily add large amounts of dubious code, thereby inflating

512-577: The maternal mortality rate , which is the number of maternal deaths (direct and indirect) in a given period per 100,000 women of reproductive age during the same time period. The statistics are gathered by WHO , UNICEF , UNFPA , World Bank Group , and the United Nations Population Division . The yearly report started in 1990 and is called Trends in Maternal Mortality . As of the 2015 data published in 2016,

544-784: The SMART acronym for increasing physical activity. Criticisms focus on its lack of scientific basis and empirical support, suggesting non-specific, open-ended goals might be more beneficial for some individuals. Research indicates that vague or challenging goals could be more effective than specific ones for increasing physical activity. Swann et al. highlight the original SMART framework's absence of theoretical or empirical foundation, contrasting with broader goal-setting research. The SMART framework has been expanded by some authors to include additional criteria, enhancing its versatility and application. Examples of these extensions are: Other mnemonic acronyms (or contractions) also give criteria to guide in

576-405: The acronym. For instance, some refer to SMARTS goals, which include the element of 'self-defined,' while others utilize SMARTER goals. Proponents of SMART objectives argue that these criteria facilitate a clear framework for goal setting and evaluation, applicable across various contexts such as business (between employee and employer) and sports (between athlete and coach). This framework enables

608-469: The actionable steps aimed at achieving these outcomes .There is acknowledgment of some variation in the application of the framework, reflecting a range of interpretations in practice. Research suggests that the effectiveness of the SMART goal-setting framework can vary depending on the context in which it is applied, indicating that its universal application might not always yield effective outcomes. A Michigan State University Extension study highlighted

640-576: The countries that have seen an increase in the maternal mortality ratio since 1990 are the Bahamas, Georgia, Guyana, Jamaica, Dem. People’s Rep. Korea, Serbia, South Africa, St. Lucia, Suriname, Tonga, United States , Venezuela, RB Zimbabwe. But according to Sustainable Development Goals report 2018, the overall maternal mortality ratio has declined by 37 percent since 2002. Nearly 303,000 women died due to complications during pregnancy. With an exceptionally high mortality ratio compared to other U.S. states,

672-449: The effectiveness of the SMART goal-setting approach. It showed that individuals who wrote down their goals and outlined action steps had a 76% success rate in achieving them, especially when they shared weekly updates with a friend. This was compared to a 43% success rate for those who didn't document their goals, indicating an advantage to the structured approach of SMART goal-setting. A review of literature indicates mixed effectiveness of

SECTION 20

#1732773200037

704-399: The exact status of cost improvement projects and cost savings documentation. Any business, regardless of size, can better manage supplier performance and overall supply chain performance, with the help of KPIs' robust capabilities, which include: Main KPIs for supply chain management will detail the following processes: In a warehouse , the manager will use KPIs that target best use of

736-637: The facility, like the receiving and put away KPIs to measure the receiving efficiency and the putaway cost per line. Storage KPIs can also be used to determine the efficiency of the storage space and the carrying cost of the inventory. The provincial government of Ontario, Canada has been using KPIs since 1998 to measure the performance of higher education institutions in the province. All post-secondary schools collect and report performance data in five areas – graduate satisfaction, student satisfaction, employer satisfaction, employment rate, and graduation rate. In England, Public Health England uses KPIs to provide

768-741: The government of Texas created the Maternal Mortality and Morbidity Task Force in 2013. This KPI was used for the Millennium Development Goals from 2000 to 2015 and is part of the Sustainable Development Goals . The list of countries with a comparison of this KPI in 1990, 2000 and 2015 are: Key performance indicator Often success is simply the repeated, periodic achievement of some levels of operational goal (e.g. zero defects , 10/10 customer satisfaction), and sometimes success

800-483: The individual setting the goal to have a precise understanding of the expected outcomes, while the evaluator has concrete criteria for assessment. The SMART acronym is linked to Peter Drucker 's Management by Objectives (MBO) concept, illustrating its foundational role in strategic planning and performance management. In the November 1981 issue of Management Review (AMA Forum), George T. Doran's paper titled "There's

832-498: The line count but adding little value in terms of systemic improvement. A similar problem arises when a footballer kicks a ball uselessly to build up their statistics. SMART criteria S.M.A.R.T. (or SMART) is an acronym used as a mnemonic device to establish criteria for effective goal-setting and objective development. This framework is commonly applied in various fields, including project management , employee performance management , and personal development . The term

864-531: The organizations or individuals responsible. Such KPIs are usually ignored by organizations. KPIs should follow the SMART criteria . This means the measure has a S pecific purpose for the business, it is M easurable to really get a value of the KPI, the defined norms have to be A chievable, the improvement of a KPI has to be R elevant to the success of the organization, and finally it must be T ime phased, which means

896-415: The past tense, so the only type of measurement is descriptive or lagging. Any KPI that attempts to measure something in a future state as predictive, diagnostic or prescriptive is no longer an 'indicator', it is a 'prognosticator' – at this point, it is analytics (possibly based on a KPI) but leading KPIs are also used to indicate the amount of front end loading activities. Performance focuses on measuring

928-442: The present state of the business, and its key activities, are associated with the selection of performance indicators. These assessments often lead to the identification of potential improvements, so performance indicators are routinely associated with 'performance improvement' initiatives. A very common way to choose KPIs is to apply a management framework such as the balanced scorecard . The importance of such performance indicators

960-400: The proper usage of performance indicators is vital to avoid such mistakes and minimise the risk. KPIs are used not only for business organizations but also for technical aspects such as machine performance. For example, a machine used for production in a factory would output various signals indicating how the current machine status is (e.g., machine sensor signals). Some signals or signals as

992-436: The value or outcomes are shown for a predefined and relevant period. KPIs should be set at a senior level within an organization and cascaded through all levels of management. In order to be evaluated, KPIs are linked to target values, so that the value of the measure can be assessed as meeting expectations or not. Key performance indicators are mostly the non-financial measures of a company's performance – they do not have

Maternal mortality ratio - Misplaced Pages Continue

1024-526: Was first proposed by George T. Doran in the November 1981 issue of 'Management Review', where he advocated for setting objectives that are Specific, Measurable, Assignable, Realistic, and Time-bound—hence the acronym S.M.A.R.T. Since its inception, the SMART framework has evolved, leading to the emergence of different variations of the acronym. Commonly used versions incorporate alternative words, including 'attainable,' 'relevant,' and 'timely.' Additionally, several authors have introduced supplementary letters to

#36963