82-399: MacOS Catalina (version 10.15) is the sixteenth major release of macOS , Apple Inc. 's desktop operating system for Macintosh computers. It is the successor to macOS Mojave and was announced at WWDC 2019 on June 3, 2019 and released to the public on October 7, 2019. Catalina is the first version of macOS to support only 64-bit applications and the first to include Activation Lock. It
164-549: A network-attached storage system, and connect to that storage system through an app. iTunes includes sound processing features, such as equalization , "sound enhancement" and crossfade . There is also a feature called Sound Check , which normalizes the playback volume of all songs in the library to the same level. Introduced on April 28, 2003, The iTunes Music Store allows users to buy and download songs, with 200,000 tracks available at launch. In its first week, customers bought more than one million songs. Music purchased
246-527: A "major" as opposed to a "minor" change is entirely subjective and up to the author, as is what defines a "build", or how a "revision" differs from a "minor" change. Shared libraries in Solaris and Linux may use the current.revision.age format where: A similar problem of relative change significance and versioning nomenclature exists in book publishing, where edition numbers or names can be chosen based on varying criteria. In most proprietary software,
328-514: A consistent style. First, they received names with arbitrary alphanumeric suffixes as with Windows Me (4.90), Windows XP (5.1), and Windows Vista (6.0). Then, once again Microsoft adopted incremental numbers in the title, but this time, they were not versioning numbers; the version numbers of Windows 7 , Windows 8 and Windows 8.1 are respectively 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3. In Windows 10 , the version number leaped to 10.0 and subsequent updates to
410-884: A critical privilege escalation vulnerability, which resulted in a backdoor being installed if users visited a Hong Kong pro-democracy website. The vulnerability was reported to Apple in August 2021 and patched in a Catalina update in September, but it had already been patched by Apple in macOS Big Sur 11.2, released 234 days earlier on February 1. Security experts have criticized Apple for not patching critical known vulnerabilities in older versions and for not being transparent about older versions only receiving some, but not all, security patches. The latest major release of Apple's operating systems (macOS, iOS, and others) receive all security updates. Catalina received favorable reviews on release for some of its features. However, some critics found
492-481: A dedicated section for apps rather than a separate app. In September 2017, Apple updated iTunes to version 12.7, removing the App Store section in the process. iTunes 12.6.3 was released the following month, retaining App Store functionality, with 9to5Mac noting that the secondary release was positioned by Apple as "necessary for some businesses performing internal app deployments". In May 2007, Apple announced
574-438: A different project), while the last two digits indicate the day of that month. So 3419 is the 19th day of the 34th month after the month of January of the year the project started. Other examples that identify versions by year include Adobe Illustrator 88 and WordPerfect Office 2003. When a year is used to denote version, it is generally for marketing purposes, and an actual version number also exists. For example, Windows 95
656-451: A genre like Christmas music , songs that have not been played recently, or songs the user has listened to the most in a time period. Through a "Home Sharing" feature, users can share their iTunes library wirelessly. Computer firewalls must allow network traffic, and users must specifically enable sharing in the iTunes preferences menu. iOS applications also exist that can transfer content without Internet. Additionally, users can set up
738-610: A live music radio station. In May 2005, video support was introduced to iTunes with the release of iTunes 4.8, though it was limited to bonus features part of album purchases. The following October, Apple introduced iTunes 6, enabling support for purchasing and viewing video content purchased from the iTunes Store . At launch, the store offered popular shows from the ABC network, including Desperate Housewives and Lost , along with Disney Channel series That's So Raven and The Suite Life of Zack & Cody . CEO Steve Jobs told
820-446: A major/minor versioning scheme for releases of its operating system but uses code names from the movie Toy Story during development to refer to stable, unstable, and testing releases. BLAG Linux and GNU features very large version numbers: major releases have numbers such as 50000 and 60000, while minor releases increase the number by 1 (e.g. 50001, 50002). Alpha and beta releases are given decimal version numbers slightly less than
902-434: A minor release, and additional updates below this level, as well as updates to a given major version of OS X coming after the release of a new major version, were titled Supplemental Updates. The Roman numeral X was concurrently leveraged for marketing purposes across multiple product lines. Both QuickTime and Final Cut Pro jumped from version 7 directly to version 10, QuickTime X and Final Cut Pro X. Like Mac OS X itself,
SECTION 10
#1732797510139984-459: A music library. Each track has attributes, called metadata , that can be edited by the user, including changing the name of the artist, album, and genre, year of release, artwork, among other additional settings. The software supports importing digital audio tracks that can then be transferred to iOS devices, as well as supporting ripping content from CDs. iTunes supports WAV , AIFF , Apple Lossless , AAC , and MP3 audio formats. It uses
1066-443: A piece of software. The ubiquity of computers has also led to these schemes being used in contexts outside computing. In sequence-based software versioning schemes, each software release is assigned a unique identifier that consists of one or more sequences of numbers or letters. This is the extent of the commonality; schemes vary widely in areas such as the number of sequences, the attribution of meaning to individual sequences, and
1148-429: A playlist, setting criteria such as date and number of times listened to. Apple is credited for being the major catalyst behind the early growth of podcasting. On July 10, 2008, Apple introduced native mobile apps for its iOS operating system. On iOS, a dedicated App Store application served as the storefront for browsing, downloading, updating, and otherwise managing applications, whereas iTunes on computers had
1230-622: A release halfway between major versions (although levels of sequence-based versioning are not necessarily limited to a single digit, as in Blender version 2.91 or Minecraft Java Edition starting from 1.7.10). A different approach is to use the major and minor numbers along with an alphanumeric string denoting the release type, e.g. "alpha" (a), "beta" (b), or "release candidate" (rc). A software release train using this approach might look like 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 → 1.0b1, 1.0b2 (with some fixes), 1.0b3 (with more fixes) → 1.0rc1 (which, if it
1312-453: A series of individual numbers, separated by periods, with a progression such as 1.7.0, 1.8.0, 1.8.1, 1.9.0, 1.10.0, 1.11.0, 1.11.1, 1.11.2, and so on. On the other hand, some software packages identify releases by decimal numbers: 1.7, 1.8, 1.81, 1.82, 1.9, etc. Decimal versions were common in the 1980s, for example with NetWare , DOS , and Microsoft Windows , but even in the 2000s have been for example used by Opera and Movable Type . In
1394-419: A simpler "Up Next" feature that notably lost some of "iTunes DJ"'s functionality. Introduced in iTunes 8 in 2008, " Genius " can automatically generate a playlist of songs from the user's library that "go great together". "Genius" transmits information about the user's library to Apple anonymously, and evolves over time to enhance its recommendation system. It can also suggest purchases to fill out "holes" in
1476-432: A version number – sometimes the same as the version number of the software that wrote it; other times a "protocol version number" independent of the software version number. The code to handle old deprecated protocols and file formats is often seen as cruft . Software in the experimental stage ( alpha or beta ) often uses a zero in the first ("major") position of the sequence to designate its status. However, this scheme
1558-616: Is a new SDK with all-new frameworks based on IOKit, but updated and modernized. It is designed for building device drivers in userspace, outside of the kernel. Mac apps, installer packages, and kernel extensions that are signed with a Developer ID must be notarized by Apple to run on macOS Catalina. Activation Lock helps prevent the unauthorized use and drive erasure of devices with an Apple T2 security chip (2018, 2019, and 2020 MacBook Pro ; 2020 5K iMac ; 2018 MacBook Air , iMac Pro ; 2018 Mac Mini ; 2019 Mac Pro ). The system runs on its own read-only volume, separate from all other data on
1640-450: Is also the last version of macOS to have the major version number of 10; its successor, Big Sur , released on November 12, 2020, is version 11. In order to increase web compatibility, Safari , Chromium and Firefox have frozen the OS in the user agent running in subsequent releases of macOS at 10.15.7 Catalina. The operating system is named after Santa Catalina Island , which is located off
1722-500: Is compatible with version 2.2.3, but not necessarily with 3.2.4. Developers may choose to jump multiple minor versions at a time to indicate that significant features have been added, but are not enough to warrant incrementing a major version number; for example, Internet Explorer 5 from 5.1 to 5.5 or Adobe Photoshop 5 to 5.5. This may be done to emphasize the value of the upgrade to the software user or, as in Adobe's case, to represent
SECTION 20
#17327975101391804-546: Is computer software, in order to be able to roll any changes back. Modern computer software is often tracked using two different software versioning schemes: an internal version number that may be incremented many times in a single day, such as a revision control number, and a release version that typically changes far less often, such as semantic versioning or a project code name. File numbers were used especially in public administration, as well as companies, to uniquely identify files or cases. For computer files this practice
1886-444: Is displayed in users' libraries in columns, including album, artist, genre, composer, and more. Users can enable or disable different columns, as well as change view settings. Introduced in 2004, "Party Shuffle" selected tracks to play randomly from the library, though users could press a button to skip a song and go to the next in the list. The feature was later renamed "iTunes DJ", before being discontinued altogether, replaced by
1968-484: Is extremely important", though this was questioned by security researcher Brian Krebs , who told the publication that "A prominent security researcher warned Apple about this dangerous vulnerability in mid-2008, yet the company waited more than 1,200 days to fix the flaw." iTunes has been repeatedly accused of being bloated as part of Apple's efforts to turn it from a music player to an all-encompassing multimedia platform. Former PC World editor Ed Bott accused
2050-585: Is internally versioned as MS-DOS 7.00 and Windows 4.00; likewise, Windows 2000 is internally versioned as NT 5.0. The Python Software Foundation has published PEP 440 – Version Identification and Dependency Specification, outlining their own flexible scheme, that defines an epoch segment, a release segment, pre-release and post-release segments and a development release segment. TeX has an idiosyncratic version numbering system, an unusual feature invented by its developer Donald Knuth . Since version 3.1, updates have been indicated by adding an extra digit at
2132-587: Is only useful for the early stages, not for upcoming releases with established software where the version number has already progressed past 0. A number of schemes are used to denote the status of a newer release: The two purely numeric forms removes the special logic required to handle the comparison of "alpha < beta < rc < no prefix" as found in semantic versioning, at the cost of clarity. There are two schools of thought regarding how numeric version numbers are incremented. Most free and open-source software packages, including MediaWiki , treat versions as
2214-407: Is sometimes a fourth, unpublished number which denotes the software build (as used by Microsoft ). Adobe Flash is a notable case where a four-part version number is indicated publicly, as in 10.1.53.64. Some companies also include the build date. Version numbers may also include letters and other characters, such as Lotus 1-2-3 Release 1a. Some projects use negative version numbers. One example
2296-411: Is stable enough ), 1.0rc2 (if more bugs are found) → 1.0. It is a common practice in this scheme to lock out new features and breaking changes during the release candidate phases and, for some teams, even betas are locked down to bug fixes only, to ensure convergence on the target release. Other schemes impart meaning on individual sequences: Again, in these examples, the definition of what constitutes
2378-522: Is supported on Macs released in 2018 or later when connected to a compatible display. Find My Mac and Find My Friends are merged into an application called Find My . The Notes application was enhanced to allow better management of checklists and the ability to share folders with other users. The application version was incremented from 4.6 (in macOS 10.14 Mojave) to 4.7. Among other visual and functional overhauls, attachments can be added to reminders and Siri can intelligently estimate when to remind
2460-566: Is the SmartEiffel compiler which started from −1.0 and counted upwards to 0.0. Many projects use a date-based versioning scheme called Calendar Versioning (aka CalVer ). Ubuntu is one example of a project using calendar versioning; Ubuntu 18.04, for example, was released in April 2018. This has the advantage of being easily relatable to development schedules and support timelines. Some video games also use date as versioning, for example
2542-450: Is the process of assigning either unique version names or unique version numbers to unique states of computer software. Within a given version number category (e.g., major or minor), these numbers are generally assigned in increasing order and correspond to new developments in the software. At a fine-grained level, revision control is used for keeping track of incrementally-different versions of information, whether or not this information
macOS Catalina - Misplaced Pages Continue
2624-452: Is used to allow the versioning scheme to be changed. In some cases, developers may decide to reset the major version number. This is sometimes used to denote a new development phase being released. For example, Minecraft Alpha ran from version 1.0.0 to 1.2.6, and when Beta was released, it reset the major version number and ran from 1.0 to 1.8. Once the game was fully released, the major version number again reset to 1.0.0. When printed,
2706-423: Is used to purchase, play, download and organize digital multimedia on personal computers running the macOS and Windows operating systems, and can be used to rip songs from CDs as well as playing content from dynamic, smart playlists . It includes options for sound optimization and wirelessly sharing iTunes libraries. iTunes was announced by Apple CEO Steve Jobs on January 9, 2001. Its original and main focus
2788-519: The Gracenote music database to provide track name listings for audio CDs. When users rip content from a CD, iTunes attempts to match songs to the Gracenote service. For self-published CDs, or those from obscure record labels , iTunes would normally only list tracks as numbered entries ("Track 1" and "Track 2") on an unnamed album by an unknown artist, requiring manual input of data. File metadata
2870-600: The Mac App Store . Z shell (executable "zsh") is the default login shell and interactive shell in macOS Catalina, replacing Bash , the default shell since Mac OS X Panther in 2003. Bash continues to be available in macOS Catalina, along with other shells such as csh / tcsh and ksh . Dashboard has been removed in macOS Catalina. The ability to add Backgrounds in Photo Booth was removed in macOS Catalina. The command-line interface GNU Emacs application
2952-477: The arcade game Street Fighter EX . At startup it displays the version number as a date plus a region code, for example 961219 ASIA . When using dates in versioning, for instance, file names, it is common to use the ISO 8601 scheme YYYY-MM-DD , as this is easily string-sorted in increasing or decreasing order. The hyphens are sometimes omitted. The Wine project formerly used a date versioning scheme, which used
3034-513: The fourth-generation MacBook Pro ), and an iPad that supports Apple Pencil. The Game Controller framework adds support for two major console game controllers: the PlayStation 4 's DualShock 4 and the Xbox One controller . A number of under-the-hood changes were made to Time Machine , the backup software. For example, the manner in which backup data is stored on network-attached devices
3116-508: The iOS App Store . Since the release of iOS 5 in 2011, these devices have become less dependent on iTunes, though it can still be used to back up their contents. Though well received in its early years, iTunes received increasing criticism for a bloated user experience, which incorporated features beyond its original focus on music. Beginning with Macs running macOS Catalina , iTunes was replaced by separate apps, namely Music , Podcasts , and TV , with Finder and Apple Devices taking over
3198-436: The iTunes Store , and new audio formats. Apple released iTunes for Windows on October 16, 2003. On April 26, 2018, iTunes was released on Microsoft Store for Windows 10 , primarily to allow it to be installed on Windows 10 devices configured to only allow installation of software from Microsoft Store. Unlike Windows versions for other platforms, it is more self-contained due to technical requirements for distribution on
3280-444: The "relative goodness" of the new version. Semantic versioning (aka SemVer ) is a widely-adopted version scheme that encodes a version by a three-part version number (Major.Minor.Patch), an optional pre-release tag, and an optional build meta tag. In this scheme, risk and functionality are the measures of significance. Breaking changes are indicated by increasing the major number (high risk); new, non-breaking features increment
3362-419: The 2 GB required by Lion through Mojave. It is possible to install Catalina on many older Macintosh computers that are not officially supported by Apple. This requires using a patch to modify the install image. Catalyst is a new software-development tool that allows developers to write apps that can run on macOS, iOS and iPadOS . Apple demonstrated several ported apps, including Jira and Twitter (after
macOS Catalina - Misplaced Pages Continue
3444-464: The Cloud", in which music purchases were stored on Apple's servers and made available for automatic downloading on new devices. For music the user owns, such as content ripped from CDs, the company introduced "iTunes Match", a feature that can upload content to Apple's servers, match it to its catalog, change the quality to 256 kbit/s AAC format, and make it available to other devices. When iTunes
3526-449: The Mac. Users can give detailed voice commands to applications. On-device machine processing is used to offer better navigation. Sidecar allows a Mac to use an iPad (running iPadOS ) as a wireless external display. With Apple Pencil , the device can also be used as a graphics tablet for software running on the computer. Sidecar requires a Mac with Intel Skylake CPUs and newer (such as
3608-435: The OS only incremented build number and update build revision (UBR) number. The successor of Windows 10, Windows 11 , was released on October 5, 2021. Despite being named "11", the new Windows release didn't bump its major version number to 11. Instead, it stayed at the same version number of 10.0, used by Windows 10. Some software producers use different schemes to denote releases of their software. The Debian project uses
3690-788: The OS version distinctly less reliable than earlier versions. The broad addition of user-facing security measures (somewhat analogous to the addition of User Account Control dialog boxes with Windows Vista a decade earlier) was criticized as intrusive and annoying. Security content Security content Security content macOS 10.15.2 Combo Update Security content macOS 10.15.3 Combo Update Security content macOS 10.15.4 Combo Update Security content macOS 10.15.5 Combo Update Security content Security content macOS 10.15.6 Combo Update Security content macOS 10.15.7 Combo Update Security content macOS 10.15.7 Supplemental Update (Combo) Security content Software versioning Software versioning
3772-512: The ability to follow other users. Ping was discontinued in September 2012. The Telegraph reported in November 2011 that Apple had been aware of a security vulnerability since 2008 that would let unauthorized third parties install "updates" to users' iTunes software. Apple fixed the issue before the Telegraph ' s report and told the media that "The security and privacy of our users
3854-514: The coast of southern California . macOS Catalina is the final version of macOS that supports the Unibody MacBook Pro , as its successor, macOS Big Sur, drops support for its mid-2012 and final model. All standard configuration Macs that supported macOS Mojave support macOS Catalina. 2010 to 2012 Mac Pros , which could run Mojave only with a GPU upgrade, are no longer supported. Catalina requires 4 GB of memory, an increase over
3936-538: The decimal scheme, 1.81 is the minor version following 1.8, while maintenance releases (i.e. bug fixes only) may be denoted with an alphabetic suffix, such as 1.81a or 1.81b. The standard GNU version numbering scheme is major.minor.revision, but Emacs is a notable example using another scheme where the major number (1) was dropped and a user site revision was added which is always zero in original Emacs packages but increased by distributors. Similarly, Debian package numbers are prefixed with an optional "epoch", which
4018-494: The device management capabilities. This change did not affect iTunes running on Windows or older macOS versions. In February 2024, most features of iTunes for Windows were split into the Apple TV, Music, Podcasts, Books, and Apple Devices apps. When the apps are installed, iTunes is still used for podcasts and audiobooks. SoundJam MP , released by Casady & Greene in 1999, was renamed "iTunes" when Apple purchased it
4100-431: The end, so that the version number asymptotically approaches the number π . (This is a form of unary numbering ; the version number is the number of digits.) As of February 2021, the version number is 3.141592653. This is a reflection of TeX being very stable, and only minor updates are anticipated. TeX developer Donald Knuth has stated that the "absolutely final change (to be made after [his] death)" will be to change
4182-478: The first released version of a software product has version 1. Some projects use the major version number to indicate incompatible releases. Two examples are Apache Portable Runtime (APR) and the FarCry CMS. Often programmers write new software to be backward compatible , i.e., the new software is designed to interact correctly with older versions of the software (using old protocols and file formats) and
SECTION 50
#17327975101394264-480: The first represent changes of decreasing significance. Depending on the scheme, significance may be assessed by lines of code changed, function points added or removed, the potential impact on customers in terms of work required to adopt a new version, risk of bugs or undeclared breaking changes, degree of changes in visual layout, the number of new features, or almost anything the product developers or marketers deem to be significant, including marketing desire to stress
4346-535: The latter discontinued its macOS app in February 2018). An upgrade from Kexts . System extensions avoid the problems of Kexts. There are 3 kinds of System extensions: Network Extensions, Endpoint Security Extensions, and Driver Extensions. System extensions run in userspace, outside of the kernel. Catalina will be the last version of macOS to support legacy system extensions. A replacement for IOKit device drivers, driver extensions are built using DriverKit. DriverKit
4428-696: The launch of "iTunes U" via the iTunes Store , which delivers university lectures from top U.S. colleges. With iTunes version 12.7 in August 2017, iTunes U collections became a part of the Podcasts app. On June 10, 2020, Apple formally announced that iTunes U would be discontinued at the end of 2021. iTunes was required to activate early iPhone and iPad devices. Beginning with the iPhone 3G in June 2008, activation did not require iTunes, making use of activation at point of sale. Later iPhone models are able to be activated and set-up on their own, without requiring
4510-419: The library. The feature was updated with iTunes 9 in 2009 to offer "Genius Mixes", which generated playlists based on specific music genres. "Smart playlists" are a set of playlists that can be set to automatically filter the library based on a customized list of selection criteria, much like a database query. Multiple criteria can be entered to manage the smart playlist. Selection criteria examples include
4592-516: The major release number, such as 19999.00071 for alpha 1 of version 20000, and 29999.50000 for beta 2 of version 30000. Starting at 9001 in 2003, the most recent version as of 2011 is 140000. Urbit uses Kelvin versioning (named after the absolute Kelvin temperature scale): software versions start at a high number and count down to version 0, at which point the software is considered finished and no further modifications are made. Software may have an "internal" version number which differs from
4674-433: The means of incrementing the sequences. In some schemes, sequence-based identifiers are used to convey the significance of changes between releases. Changes are classified by significance level, and the decision of which sequence to change between releases is based on the significance of the changes from the previous release, whereby the first sequence is changed for the most significant changes, and changes to sequences after
4756-459: The minor number (medium risk); and all other non-breaking changes increment the patch number (lowest risk). The presence of a pre-release tag (-alpha, -beta) indicates substantial risk, as does a major number of zero (0.y.z), which is used to indicate a work-in-progress that may contain any level of potentially breaking changes (highest risk). As an example of inferring compatibility from a SemVer version, software which relies on version 2.1.5 of an API
4838-451: The most recent version (using the latest protocols and file formats). For example, IBM z/OS is designed to work properly with 3 consecutive major versions of the operating system running in the same sysplex. This enables people who run a high availability computer cluster to keep most of the computers up and running while one machine at a time is shut down, upgraded, and restored to service. Often packet headers and file format include
4920-401: The next major release was not 11.0. Instead, it was numbered 10.1, followed by 10.2, 10.3, and so on for each subsequent major release. Thus the 11th major version of OS X was labeled "10.10". Even though the "X" was dropped from the name as of macOS 10.12 , this numbering scheme continued through macOS 10.15. Under the "X"-based versioning scheme, the third number (instead of the second) denoted
5002-514: The next year. The primary developers of the software moved to Apple as part of the acquisition, and simplified SoundJam's user interface, added the ability to burn CDs, and removed its recording feature and skin support. The first version of iTunes, promotionally dubbed "World's Best and Easiest To Use Jukebox Software", was announced on January 9, 2001. Subsequent releases of iTunes often coincided with new hardware devices, and gradually included support for new features, including "smart playlists",
SECTION 60
#17327975101395084-632: The press that "We're doing for video what we've done for music — we're making it easy and affordable to purchase and download, play on your computer, and take with you on your iPod." In 2008, Apple and select film studios introduced "iTunes Digital Copy", a feature on select DVDs and Blu-ray discs allowing a digital copy in iTunes and associated media players. In June 2005, Apple updated iTunes with support for podcasts . Users can subscribe to podcasts, change update frequency, define how many episodes to download and how many to delete. Similar to songs , "Smart playlists" can be used to control podcasts in
5166-437: The products were not upgrades to previous versions, but brand-new programs. As with OS X, major releases for these programs incremented the second digit and minor releases were denoted using a third digit. The "X" was dropped from Final Cut's name with the release of macOS 11.0 (see below), and QuickTime's branding became moot when the framework was deprecated in favor of AVFoundation in 2011 (the program for playing QuickTime video
5248-459: The release was "more significant". Thus, "8.5" was marketed as its own release, representing "Mac OS 8 and a half", and 8.6 effectively meant "8.5.1". Mac OS X departed from this trend, in large part because "X" (the Roman numeral for 10) was in the name of the product. As a result, all versions of OS X began with the number 10. The first major release of OS X was given the version number 10.0, but
5330-488: The sequences may be separated with characters. The choice of characters and their usage varies by the scheme. The following list shows hypothetical examples of separation schemes for the same release (the thirteenth third-level revision to the fourth second-level revision to the second first-level revision): When a period is used to separate sequences, it may or may not represent a decimal point—see " Incrementing sequences " section for various interpretation styles. There
5412-518: The store (not installing background helper services such as Bonjour ), and is updated automatically through the store rather than using Apple Software Update . The role of iTunes has been replaced with independent apps, Apple Music, Apple Podcasts, Apple Books, and Apple TV; with iPhone, iPod, and iPad management integrated into the Finder starting with macOS 10.15 Catalina , and appearing as Apple Devices starting with Windows 10 . iTunes features
5494-511: The use of iTunes. iTunes also allows users to backup and restore the content of their Apple mobile devices, such as music, photos, videos, ringtones and device settings, and restore the firmware of their devices. However, as of iTunes 12.7, apps can no longer be purchased and installed using iTunes. With the release of iTunes 10 in September 2010, Apple announced iTunes Ping, which CEO Steve Jobs described as "social music discovery". It had features reminiscent of Facebook , including profiles and
5576-486: The user about an event. The Voice Memos application, first ported from iOS to the Mac in macOS 10.14 Mojave as version 2.0, was incremented to version 2.1. macOS Catalina exclusively supports 64-bit applications . 32-bit applications no longer run (including all software that utilizes the Carbon API as well as QuickTime 7 applications, image, audio and video codecs). Apple has also removed all 32-bit-only apps from
5658-565: The version number from the product name. For Windows 95 (version 4.0), Windows 98 (4.10) and Windows 2000 (5.0), year of the release was included in the product title. After Windows 2000, Microsoft created the Windows Server family which continued the year-based style with a difference: For minor releases, Microsoft suffixed "R2" to the title, e.g., Windows Server 2008 R2 (version 6.1). This style had remained consistent to this date. The client versions of Windows however did not adopt
5740-622: The version number shown in the product name (and which typically follows version numbering rules more consistently). Java SE 5.0, for example, has the internal version number of 1.5.0, and versions of Windows from NT 4 on have continued the standard numerical versions internally: Windows 2000 is NT 5.0, XP is Windows NT 5.1, Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP Professional x64 Edition are NT 5.2, Windows Server 2008 and Vista are NT 6.0, Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows 7 are NT 6.1, Windows Server 2012 and Windows 8 are NT 6.2, and Windows Server 2012 R2 and Windows 8.1 are NT 6.3. Windows 10
5822-492: The version number to π , at which point all remaining bugs will become permanent features. In a similar way, the version number of Metafont asymptotically approaches Euler's number, e . As of February 2021, the version number is 2.71828182. Metafont was also devised by Donald Knuth as a companion to his TeX typesetting system. During the era of the classic Mac OS , minor version numbers rarely went beyond ".1". When they did, they usually jumped straight to ".5", suggesting
5904-509: The year followed by the month followed by the day of the release; for example, "Wine 20040505". Minecraft had a similar version formatting, but instead used DDHHMM, ex: rd-132211, 13 being the 13th of May, and 2211 being 22:11. Microsoft Office build numbers are an encoded date: the first two digits indicate the number of months that have passed from the January of the year in which the project started (with each major Office release being
5986-449: Was changed, and this change is not backwards-compatible with earlier versions of macOS. Apple declined to document these changes, but some of them have been noted. iTunes is replaced by separate Music , Podcasts , TV and Books apps, in line with iOS . iOS device management is now conducted via Finder . The TV app on Mac supports Dolby Atmos , Dolby Vision , and HDR10 on MacBooks released in 2018 or later, while 4K HDR playback
6068-543: Was first released, it came with support for the Kerbango Internet radio tuner service. In June 2013, the company announced iTunes Radio, a free music streaming service. In June 2015, Apple announced Apple Music, a subscription-based music streaming service, and subsequently integrated iTunes Radio functionality. Music tracks provided by Apple Music via iTunes are available at up to 256 kbit/s AAC fidelity. The Apple Music app also integrates Apple Music 1 ,
6150-434: Was initially intended to be NT 6.4, as the earliest Technical Preview build shared to the public is numbered 6.4.9841. However, that did not last as the version of Windows 10 was quickly artificially increased to 10.0 to align with the commercial name, resulting in the first released version of the operating system being numbered 10.0.10240. Note, however, that Windows NT is only on its fifth major revision, as its first release
6232-564: Was introduced for the first time with MIT's ITS file system, later the TENEX filesystem for the PDP-10 in 1972. Later lists of files including their versions were added, and dependencies amongst them. Linux distributions like Debian, with its dpkg , early on created package management software which could resolve dependencies between their packages. Debian's first try was that a package knew other packages which depended on it. From 1994 on this idea
6314-472: Was inverted, so a package that knew the packages it needed. When installing a package, dependency resolution was used to automatically calculate the packages needed as well, and install them with the desired package. To facilitate upgrades, minimum package versions were introduced. Thus the numbering scheme needed to tell which version was newer than the required one. A variety of version numbering schemes have been created to keep track of different versions of
6396-549: Was music, with a library offering organization and storage of Mac users' music collections. With the 2003 addition of the iTunes Store for purchasing and downloading digital music, and a Windows version of the program, it became an ubiquitous tool for managing music and configuring other features on Apple's line of iPod media players, which extended to the iPhone and iPad upon their introduction. From 2005 on, Apple expanded its core music features with support for digital video, podcasts , e-books , and mobile apps purchased from
6478-529: Was numbered 3.1 (to match the then-current Windows release number) and the Windows 10 launching made a version leap from 6.3 to 10.0. In conjunction with the various versioning schemes listed above, a system for denoting pre-release versions is generally used, as the program makes its way through the stages of the software release life cycle . ITunes iTunes is a media player , media library, and mobile device management utility developed by Apple . It
6560-541: Was only named QuickTime Player from the start). Apple's next macOS release, provisionally numbered 10.16, was officially announced as macOS 11 at WWDC in June 2020, and released in November 2020. The following macOS version, macOS Monterey , was released in October 2021 and bumped its major version number to 12. The Microsoft Windows operating system was first labelled with standard version numbers for Windows 1.0 through Windows 3.11 . After this Microsoft excluded
6642-516: Was protected by FairPlay , an encryption layer referred to as digital rights management (DRM). The use of DRM, which limited devices capable of playing purchased files, sparked efforts to remove the protection mechanism. Eventually, after an open letter to the music industry by CEO Steve Jobs in February 2007, Apple introduced a selection of DRM-free music in the iTunes Store in April 2007, followed by its entire music catalog without DRM in January 2009. In June 2011, Apple announced "iTunes in
6724-699: Was removed in macOS Catalina. Built-in support for Perl , Python 2.7 and Ruby are included in macOS for compatibility with legacy software. Future versions of macOS will not include scripting language runtimes by default, possibly requiring users to install additional packages. Legacy AirDrop for connecting with Macs running Mac OS X Lion , Mountain Lion and Mavericks , or 2011 and older Macs has been removed. Support for legacy Safari extensions such as uBlock Origin , and WebSQL has been removed in Safari 13. Ars Technica reported that macOS Catalina contained
#138861