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66-515: The Mackinac Center for Public Policy ( / ˈ m æ k ɪ n ɔː / ) in Midland, Michigan , is the largest U.S. state -based free market think tank in the United States. The Mackinac Center conducts policy research and educational programs. The Center sponsors MichiganVotes.org, an online legislative voting record database which provides a non-partisan summary of every bill and vote in

132-713: A Wall Street Journal editorial. In 2002, the Michigan Education Association (MEA) sued the Mackinac Center over the Center's use of a supportive quote by the MEA's President in fundraising material. In 2004, the Michigan Court of Appeals threw out the lawsuit. In 2014, the organization released a mobile app , VoteSpotter . The app allows users to track votes by elected officials in

198-560: A nuclear power plant in Midland, primarily for Dow Chemical Company . The project's budget was $ 257 million, with completion anticipated in 1972. Extreme construction problems caused years of delays and costs soared. The Three Mile Island accident in 1979 resulted in a massive change in nuclear regulatory requirements and system redesign. When it was revealed that the containment buildings were settling and foundation cracks were discovered, Dow canceled their contract with Consumers Power, and

264-514: A 2005 Michigan Cool Cities grant (a grass-roots, volunteer-based training program to revitalize a downtown area), Downtown Midland offers dining, shopping and entertainment for the whole family. Walkers, joggers, bikers, and skaters can use the Pere Marquette Rail-Trail , a ribbon of asphalt stretching 30 miles (50 km) to the neighboring city of Clare . Midland County's system of natural pathways continues to expand with

330-616: A 2011 interview, founder Joe Olson said that the Center was first conceived in a Lansing, Michigan bar at a meeting between Olson, fellow insurance company executive Tom Hoeg, Richard McLellan and then-Senator John Engler . Olson said the founders wanted an organization that would focus on research, writing, speaking, issuing press releases and looking at public policy from a free-market point of view. The Center began operations with no office or full-time staff. It formally opened offices in Midland in 1988 with its first president, Lawrence W. Reed , an economist, writer, and speaker who had chaired

396-540: A state of emergency beyond April 30, 2020, without legislative approval was illegal. Additionally, in a 4-3 decision, the Court ruled that the Emergency Powers of Governor Act of 1945 , which Governor Whitmer had cited as the basis for maintaining unilateral control for an indefinite period, is unconstitutional. Consequently, all executive orders issued after April 30 are currently considered null and void. In 2002

462-467: A two-year term, and the full council is elected during even years. The mayor and the mayor pro tem are chosen from the elected council by a vote of the council, who also appoint the city manager and city attorney, who serve at the pleasure of the council. Federally, Midland is located in Michigan's 8th congressional district , represented by Democrat Dan Kildee . Midland Community Television Network

528-442: A union they do not support. The Center also launched the website MyPayMySay.com to alert union members to their rights. In addition to policy studies, the Center publishes a number of periodicals including Michigan Education Report , Michigan Privatization Report , Michigan Science , Michigan Capitol Confidential , Impact, Michigan Education Digest and Michigan Context and Performance Report Card . Current members of

594-603: Is Midland's "hometown" locally owned radio station, owned by Steel Broadcasting and airing an adult standards ("Timeless Classics") format satellite-fed from ABC Radio . WMPX has an FM simulcast station in Beaverton, Michigan , WMRX (97.7 FM), which airs a small amount of local weekend programming separate from the AM. Other area stations include WEJC (88.3 FM) in White Star, Michigan , which airs contemporary Christian music and

660-468: Is a mechanism to convene a special 7-member "conflict panel" (similar to the en banc procedure in the U.S. Courts of Appeals ) that resolves the conflict between the earlier decision and the expressed desire of a panel of the court's judges to depart from that precedent. Unlike the circuits of the federal courts, the Michigan Court of Appeal's precedents apply are applied statewide regardless of

726-482: Is a member of the State Policy Network , an umbrella organization of free market and libertarian think tanks operating at the state level. In November 2006 The New York Times published a two-part series about state-based free-market think tanks that described how the Mackinac Center trained think-tank executives from 42 countries and nearly every US state. The New York Times also reported that, "When

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792-586: Is a non-profit, pro-bono organization associated with the Mackinac Center for Public Policy focusing on advancing liberty and free markets. Their key areas of focus include: In 2020, the Mackinac Center Legal Foundation initiated a lawsuit against Governor Gretchen Whitmer , which ultimately led to the Michigan Supreme Court issuing a unanimous decision. The court declared that Governor Whitmer's attempt to extend

858-614: Is affiliated with the Lansing-based " Smile FM " network; WPRJ (101.7 FM) in Coleman, Michigan , a Christian CHR station known as "The Fuse"; and country music station WGDN (103.1 FM) in nearby Gladwin, Michigan . Midland is also served by radio and television stations from Saginaw, Bay City, Flint, Mount Pleasant, and Houghton Lake. Midland's main newspaper is the Midland Daily News . Scheduled airline service

924-471: Is available from MBS International Airport near Freeland and Flint's Bishop International Airport . The Jack Barstow Municipal Airport , dedicated May 30, 1936, is a general aviation airport operated by the city and available for general aviation aircraft. There is no regularly scheduled public transportation. Residents can call in advance to schedule pickup or return transport by one government sponsored agency, "Dial-A-Ride", offering transport within

990-439: Is designed by Mackinac Center with the aim to enable individuals to stay informed about various legislations and to ensure that their elected officials are held responsible for their actions. The Mackinac Center prefers the term "free market" over " conservative ", because it does not address social issues such as abortion, censorship, and gambling. The Center writes that its ideology is most accurately characterized as flowing from

1056-476: Is that politicians are limited in what policy ideas they can support — they generally only pursue policies that are widely accepted throughout society as legitimate policy options. These policies lie inside the Overton Window. Other policy ideas exist, but politicians risk losing popular support if they champion these ideas. These policies lie outside the Overton Window. The Mackinac Center Legal Foundation

1122-590: Is the City of Midland's public, government, and education access cable television channel group. Midland is the city of license of two FM radio stations serving the Tri-Cities (Saginaw/Bay City/Midland) area. WKQZ ("Z93") is an active rock station owned by Citadel Broadcasting and broadcasting at 93.3 FM. WUGN is a non-commercial station at 99.7 FM owned by Family Life Communications , broadcasting adult-contemporary Christian music and teaching. WMPX (1490 AM)

1188-544: Is the Herbert H. Dow Historical Museum, which explores the history and growth of Dow Chemical Company founded in Midland by Herbert H. Dow . Also located on the campus is the Bradley Home Museum and Carriage House; this 1874 house built by Benjamin F. Bradley allows visitors to see an historic home and furnishings of its time. The Carriage House holds an extensive collection of sleighs and carriages, and it has

1254-465: The Grace A. Dow Memorial Library , Midland's public library named in his mother's honor. Whiting Forest , home to the longest Canopy Walk in the nation, is connected to Dow Gardens with a series of pedestrian bridges and walks. The canopy walk is suspended up to 40 feet above the ground and is 1,400 feet long. Visitors can walk the trails, play in the children's playground and enjoy drinks and snacks in

1320-760: The Midland Mall . Midland's downtown, on Main Street, includes local restaurants, artist co-ops, and local retail. There are four recognized Michigan historical markers in the city. Midland has many cultural opportunities in fields ranging from music and theater to science and the arts. The Midland Center for the Arts delivers hands-on exhibits in science, art and technology, at the Alden B. Dow Museum of Science and Art. The center also provides two state-of-the-art auditoriums for audiences of 400 to 1500 to enjoy everything from

1386-399: The U.S. Courts of Appeals . Like most appellate courts, the Court of Appeals observes the principle of stare decisis , where a court's reasoning in its past precedents binds its present decisions. When a panel of the court disagrees with a prior precedent, it must abide by the earlier decision in deciding the case at hand. When a panel expresses its disagreement with a prior precedent, there

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1452-509: The census of 2010, there were 41,863 people, 17,506 households, and 10,766 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,242.2 inhabitants per square mile (479.6/km ). There were 18,578 housing units at an average density of 551.3 per square mile (212.9/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 92.0% White , 2.0% Black , 0.3% Native American , 3.3% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 0.5% from other races , and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.4% of

1518-458: The "classical liberal tradition" of Milton Friedman and others: "socially tolerant, economically sophisticated, desiring little government intervention in either their personal or economic affairs." The Mackinac Center was involved in the effort to pass a right-to-work law in Michigan and has supported efforts in other states to expand right to work laws and workers' rights to not pay dues to

1584-405: The 36 Mini-Parks are mostly less than an acre. Other city-owned land includes pathways, undeveloped areas intended for "passive recreation", waterfront areas and protected natural areas. Skaters of all skill levels use Midland's 107,000-square-foot (9,900 m ) Civic Arena, which has two NHL -sized rinks and one Olympic-sized rink. A BMX track is located in Midland's Stratford park. Winner of

1650-530: The COVID-19 stay at home order went into effect. The city lies within eastern Midland County , with a small portion extending east into Bay County . Most of the city's area is incorporated from Midland Township . The city is 24 miles (39 km) northwest of Saginaw and 19 miles (31 km) west of Bay City . It is part of the Flint/Tri-Cities region. According to the U.S. Census Bureau ,

1716-458: The Center's founding until September 2008, when he assumed the title President Emeritus and also became the president of the Foundation for Economic Education . Former Chief Operating Officer Joseph G. Lehman was named the Mackinac Center's president on September 1, 2008. The Mackinac Center is classified as a 501(c)(3) organization under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code . The Mackinac Center

1782-425: The Mackinac Center speaks, we listen." When asked by Detroit's Metro Times in 1996, the Center's President Lawrence Reed said: "Our funding sources are primarily foundations ... with the rest coming from corporations and individuals," but that "... revealing our contributors would be a tremendous diversion..." In 2001, Mackinac Center was described as "the leading advocate for a universal education tax credit" by

1848-727: The Mackinac Center to obtain permission for using the quotation. However, the Court concluded that the quotation in the fundraising letter "falls squarely within the protection of the First Amendment for discourse on matters of public interest." In January 2022, the Mackinac Center Legal Foundation filed a lawsuit against the Michigan Education Association (MEA) and its insurance affiliate, the Michigan Education Special Services Association (MESSA). The lawsuit

1914-431: The Mackinac Center was founded in 1987, there were just three other free market state-level policy institutes. Now there are 48, in 42 states." The Mackinac Center published a 20-point plan for state fiscal reform, with Governor John Engler fully or partially implementing 16 of those recommendations during his first term in office. In 1994, Governor Engler acknowledged the influence of the Mackinac Center by stating, "When

1980-481: The Mackinac Center's board of directors include: Former members of the organization's board include: 43°36′49″N 84°14′46″W  /  43.6137°N 84.2460°W  / 43.6137; -84.2460 Midland, Michigan Midland is located at the confluence of Chippewa and Tittabawassee rivers in Central Michigan . The city is home to the headquarters of Dow Chemical Company , one of

2046-589: The Mackinac Center. As part of the settlement, the MEA and MESSA agreed to pay $ 200,000 in reimbursements and fines. Additionally, the two union organizations agreed to pay the Mackinac Center $ 77,000 for its role in uncovering the alleged wrongdoing. Michigan Capitol Confidential is a nonprofit news service published by the Mackinac Center and funded through voluntary support. It provides news and analysis of Michigan-specific issues, including state and local government policies, education, and economics. The publication aims to provide in-depth and unbiased reporting to inform

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2112-554: The Michigan Education Center sued Mackinac Center for quoting Michigan Education Association President Luigi Battaglieri in a fundraising letter. On September 27, 2001, Luigi Battaglieri, President of the Michigan Education Association, expressed admiration for the Mackinac Center, stating, "...quite frankly, I admire what they [the Mackinac Center] have done over the last couple of years entering into

2178-423: The Michigan legislature. Mackinac Center scholars generally recommend free market policies such as lower taxes, reduced regulatory authority for state agencies, right-to-work laws , school choice , and enhanced protection of individual property rights; they avoid socially conservative issues such as reproductive or marriage rights. Joseph Overton (1960–2003), a senior vice president of the Mackinac Center, stated

2244-593: The Midland Symphony Orchestra and Center Stage Theatre, to professional programming through MATRIX: Midland. Midland County Historical Societies Heritage Park provides an opportunity to explore Midland County's history through a variety of avenues. The Herbert D. Doan Midland County History Center houses a research library, gift shop and the interactive Dorothy Dow Arbury Midland County History Gallery, which provides hands on exhibits for exploring Midland County's history. Also located at Heritage Park

2310-520: The PPP in April 2020, with the MEA receiving $ 6.4 million and MESSA receiving $ 6.1 million. In December 2020, the MEA and MESSA reportedly returned the funds. The Mackinac Center Legal Foundation filed the lawsuit on the grounds that the actions of the MEA and MESSA deprived other businesses of relief funds during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fourteen months after the lawsuit was filed, the case was settled in favor of

2376-524: The United States. It was originally an extension of the organization's MichiganVotes.org website but has since expanded to include other states. In 2019, a satellite office was opened in Lansing, Michigan . The concept of the "Overton window" was first introduced by Joseph Overton, former senior vice president of Mackinac Center for Public Policy, in the 1990s. After his untimely death in a plane crash in 2003, his colleague Joseph Lehman formalized and named

2442-999: The West Midland Family Center, the North Midland Family Center, the Midland Gymnastics Training Center, the Midland Community Tennis Center and the Midland Curling Center. Midland's Dow Gardens feature 100-acre (40 ha) of flower and vegetable gardens, plus an arboretum . These were the original gardens of the Herbert H. Dow homestead and are open for tours. In addition, the Alden B. Dow Home and Studio offers tours of this landmark American architect's unique and influential style. Alden B. Dow F.A.I.A designed

2508-404: The average family size was 3.00. In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 25.9% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.1 males. The median income for a household in

2574-572: The cafe. In the early 1930s, Alden B. Dow F.A.I.A. introduced modern design to Midland, Michigan and created over 130 structures during his 50-year career. His innovative and dynamic structures initiated an architectural heritage that is unprecedented in the United States. Dow's creative concepts inspired dozens of other architects, including Jackson Hallett A.I.A, Glenn Beach A.I.A., Robert Schwartz A.I.A, and Francis “Red” Warner A.I.A. These gifted architects and more, also created beautifully-crafted Mid-Century Modern structures that are an integral part of

2640-669: The city has a total area of 36.3 square miles (94.02 km ), of which 34.4 square miles (89.10 km ) are land and 2.0 square miles (5.18 km ), or 5.41%, are water. The city is along the Tittabawassee River , a southeast-flowing tributary of the Saginaw River , leading to Saginaw Bay in Lake Huron . Midland has a humid continental climate ( Dfb ) with hot, rainy summers with cool nights and cold, snowy winters with average highs around freezing. As of

2706-456: The city limits, in an attempt to control urban sprawl . As the county's only capable drinking water supplier, the city would provide water services to communities outside the MUGA such as the nearby village of Sanford . The city would not provide water services within the MUGA without annexation to the city of Midland. This allowed the city to control most of the growth in the county. Since 1991,

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2772-576: The city only. Then there is "County Connection" a private run public transport for those outside the city of Midland but still within Midland County both for a nominal fee. Both also offer reduced fare rides for elderly and youth. In 1967, Dow Chemical attained criticality on a 100 kW nuclear research reactor at the Midland facility, primarily as a neutron source and to irradiate samples. The reactor continues to operate. In 1968, Consumers Power (now Consumers Energy) began construction of

2838-491: The city was $ 48,444, and the median income for a family was $ 64,949. Males had a median income of $ 53,208 versus $ 31,098 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 26,818. About 5.5% of families and 8.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 9.5% of those under age 18 and 7.2% of those age 65 or over. The city's major shopping district is located north of town, on Eastman Avenue near US-10 . There are several big-box stores located here, as well as

2904-417: The city. The population density was 1,254.9 inhabitants per square mile (484.5/km ). There were 17,773 housing units at an average density of 535.0 per square mile (206.6/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 93.38% White , 1.82% Black , 0.29% Native American , 2.69% Asian , 0.06% Pacific Islander , 0.57% from other races , and 1.19% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.92% of

2970-614: The civic ice arena which hosts 2 NHL and one Olympic-sized rinks, a skate park downtown, and the Midland Community Tennis Center and its 32 courts. The tennis center also hosts a USTA Pro Circuit event and was part of the USTA award to Midland as America's Best Tennis Town 2009. The Dow Championship was introduced to the LPGA Tour schedule in 2019. This event is hosted at the Midland Country Club annually. The tournament

3036-466: The district in which an opinion is handed down. The court has four electoral districts: All four districts have offices in these locations, but the 2nd District in Troy does not have a courtroom. Due to the geographic size of the 4th District, the court will, on occasion, schedule a panel to hear cases in a northern Michigan city (such as Marquette , Petoskey , or Traverse City ), for the convenience of

3102-420: The economics department at Northwood University . The Lansing -based Cornerstone Foundation provided early direction and some funding. The Center's first annual budget under Reed was $ 80,000. In 1999, the Mackinac Center moved from rented offices to its current headquarters after having raised $ 2.4 million to renovate a former Woolworth's department store on Midland's Main Street. Reed served as president from

3168-425: The field as they have and being pretty much the sole provider of research to the community, to the public, to our members, to legislators..." The Mackinac Center cited this quote in a letter addressed to its supporters and potential backers, highlighting the acknowledgment of its effectiveness, even from individuals who typically hold opposing views to the Center. The MEA argued that commercial speech case law required

3234-530: The idea in a presentation aimed at educating fellow think-tank members about the power of consistent and persistent advocacy. The "Overton window" refers to the range of ideas which are considered culturally and politically fringe to mainstream, and when a subject matter moves along this spectrum it is considered to have changed its status along the "Overton window". The Mackinac Center defines the Overton Window as: ...a model for understanding how ideas in society change over time and influence politics. The core concept

3300-537: The largest chemical producers in the world, which was founded by Herbert Henry Dow in the city in 1897. The city is also home to Midland Center for the Arts and Northwood University . By the late 1820s, Midland was established as a fur trading post of the American Fur Company supervised by the post at Saginaw . Here agents purchased furs from Ojibwe trappers. The Campau family of Detroit operated an independent trading post at this location in

3366-460: The largest working blacksmith shop in the Mid-Michigan area. Midland City parks number 72 with over 3,000 acres (1,200 ha) of park land. Seven are classified as Regional Parks , typically larger than 200 acres; seven are considered Community Parks , normally over 15 acres; Neighborhood Parks number 19, usually from five to ten acres in size, located within residential areas; and

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3432-458: The late 1820s. Dow Chemical Company was founded in Midland in 1897, and its world headquarters are still located there. Through the influence of a Dow Chemical plant opening in Handa, Aichi , Japan, Midland and Handa have become sister cities . Dow Corning was also headquartered in Midland. In 1969, the city unilaterally defined a Midland Urban Growth Area (MUGA), a two-mile territory around

3498-516: The over 400 buildings that dominate Midland. More than 100 places of worship county-wide represent a variety of denominations and architectural styles, earning Midland the nickname "City of Beautiful Churches". Midland's Volunteer Center recruits upwards of 2,000 volunteers each year, and the United Way of Midland County supports 25 community organizations. Midland is home to many recreational sporting facilities and organizations. These include

3564-730: The policy has since been revised with a series of Urban Cooperation Act Agreements with surrounding townships. Case-by-case redrawings of the MUGA line now allow Midland to sell water to the surrounding townships without annexation. On May 19, 2020, the Sanford Dam and Edenville Dam both failed, prompting an evacuation of 10,000 Midland residents. Governor Gretchen Whitmer declared a state of emergency, predicting that parts of Midland and Sanford would be covered in nine feet of water within 12–15 hours. She urged residents to seek shelter with family and friends or at emergency shelters. This major "500 year" flooding event occurred just months after

3630-466: The political strategy that later became known as the Overton window . Overton said that politically unpopular, unacceptable policies must be changed into politically acceptable policies before they can be enacted into law. The Center was ranked among the top 5 percent of almost 1,900 think tanks in the United States by the 2018 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report. The organization was founded in 1987. In

3696-407: The population. There were 16,743 households, out of which 33.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.4% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.3% were non-families. 28.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and

3762-440: The population. There were 17,506 households, of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.1% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.5% were non-families. 31.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

3828-539: The power consumption for the lower peninsula of Michigan. Michigan Court of Appeals The Michigan Court of Appeals is the intermediate-level appellate court of the state of Michigan . It was created by the Michigan Constitution of 1963, and commenced operations in 1965. Its opinions are reported both in an official publication of the State of Michigan, Michigan Appeals Reports , as well as

3894-560: The project was abandoned in 1984. The $ 4.1 billion investment nearly bankrupted Consumers Power. However, in 1985, Consumers Power formed a partnership with eight other companies to convert Midland's abandoned nuclear plant into a gas-fired power plant . Transformation of the plant began in 1986 and was completed at a cost of $ 500 million. The Midland Cogeneration Venture began producing power in 1991 and that success restored faith in Consumers Power. The facility now produces 10% of

3960-498: The public and promote transparency in government. Michigan Capitol Confidential is known for its independent and nonpartisan approach to journalism, and it has gained recognition for its contributions to public discourse in Michigan. MichiganVotes is a project whose primary objective is to facilitate access to information regarding historical and ongoing legislative actions. Its users have the capability to search for bills by their respective numbers, categories, or keywords. This platform

4026-735: The recent addition of the Chippewa Trail, which connects to the Pere Marquette trail. The Chippewa Trail ends at the Chippewa Nature Center . This has a territory of more than 1,000 acres (400 ha) of deciduous and coniferous woods, rivers, ponds, wetlands ( marsh , fen , bog , and swamp ) and upland fields. Also in the recreation mix are two golf courses, the Midland Community Center (with multiple swimming pools and exercise facilities),

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4092-523: The transition of each of the court's 4 election districts to 6 judges, which will bring the court back to 24 judges over time through attrition. The court has 25 judges who are elected from four electoral districts for 6-year terms on a non-partisan ballot. Vacancies are filled by the governor . Judges or candidates who reach the age of 70 are not allowed to run for election. Although the judges are elected in districts, they sit as one statewide court. Cases are heard by panels of 3 judges, similarly to

4158-609: The unofficial, privately published North Western Reporter , published by West . Appeals from this court's decisions go to the Michigan Supreme Court . The court originally had only nine judges . The number was steadily increased by the Michigan Legislature to accommodate the court's growing caseload—to 12 in 1969, to 18 in 1974, to 24 in 1988, and to 28 in 1993. In 2012, Michigan Governor Rick Snyder signed into law legislation which provided for

4224-442: Was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.94. The median age in the city was 38.3 years. 23.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.8% were from 25 to 44; 26.2% were from 45 to 64; and 15.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.1% male and 51.9% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 41,685 people, 16,743 households, and 11,000 families residing in

4290-540: Was filed under the federal False Claims Act , maintaining that these labor unions improperly sought and received $ 12.5 million in COVID-19 relief money through the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP). The Paycheck Protection Program, which was intended to provide relief to small businesses, was not designed for 501(c)(5) nonprofits like the MEA or 501(c)(9) nonprofits like MESSA. Despite this, both organizations applied for and received funding through

4356-510: Was founded with the vision of building community and accelerating the efforts of the Great Lakes Bay Region and Dow’s strategy by building a world-class and unique LPGA Tour event that positively impacts people’s lives. Midland is also host to the following professional sports teams. Midland uses the council–manager form of government. The council consists of five members elected from geographic wards. Council members serve

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