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53-665: Macromedia, Inc. , was an American graphics, multimedia, and web development software company (1992–2005) headquartered in San Francisco , California , that made products such as Flash and Dreamweaver . It was purchased by its rival Adobe Systems on December 3, 2005. Macromedia originated with the 1992 merger of Authorware Inc. (makers of Authorware ) and MacroMind–Paracomp (makers of Macromind Director ). Director , an interactive multimedia-authoring tool used to make presentations, animations, CD-ROMs and information kiosks, served as Macromedia's flagship product until

106-565: A stock swap valued at approximately $ 3.4 billion on the last trading day before the announcement. The acquisition took place on December 3, 2005, and Adobe integrated the company's operations, networks, and customer care organizations shortly thereafter. On August 22, 1997, stockholders filed a class-action lawsuit in the California Superior Court in San Francisco, accusing Macromedia of misleading stockholders on

159-404: A Web application platform, adding scripting and data access capabilities to the player while attempting to retain its small footprint. In December 1999, Macromedia acquired traffic analysis software company Andromedia Corporation. Web development company Allaire was acquired in 2001 and Macromedia added several popular servers and Web developments tools to its portfolio, including ColdFusion ,

212-505: A Wish List, constituting part of the Objectives Document. This documentation becomes integral to the iterative process during the subsequent cycle of the methodology. It is crucial for web developers to be engaged in formulating a plan and determining the optimal architecture and selecting the frameworks . Additionally, developers/consultants play a role in elucidating the total cost of ownership associated with supporting

265-402: A certain unit, and by using direction finding (DF) tools, the position of the emitter is locatable, the change of locations from one point to another can be deduced, without listening to any orders or reports. If one unit reports back to a command on a certain pattern, and another unit reports on the same pattern to the same command, the two units are probably related. That conclusion is based on

318-443: A client's network traffic within the dark web. It is difficult to defeat traffic analysis without both encrypting messages and masking the channel. When no actual messages are being sent, the channel can be masked by sending dummy traffic, similar to the encrypted traffic, thereby keeping bandwidth usage constant. "It is very hard to hide information about the size or timing of messages. The known solutions require Alice to send

371-721: A comprehensive approach, which is ensured by collaboration between front-end and back-end engineers. Front-end development is the process of designing and implementing the user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) of a web application . It involves creating visually appealing and interactive elements that users interact with directly. The primary technologies and concepts associated with front-end development include: The 3 core technologies for front-end development are: User experience design focuses on creating interfaces that are intuitive, accessible, and enjoyable for users. It involves understanding user behavior, conducting usability studies, and implementing design principles to enhance

424-460: A continuous stream of messages at the maximum bandwidth she will ever use...This might be acceptable for military applications, but it is not for most civilian applications." The military-versus-civilian problems applies in situations where the user is charged for the volume of information sent. Even for Internet access, where there is not a per-packet charge, ISPs make statistical assumption that connections from user sites will not be busy 100% of

477-457: A daily basis. The maintenance costs increases immensely as the site grows in size. The accuracy of content on a website is critical, demanding continuous monitoring to verify that both information and links, particularly external links, are updated. Adjustments are made in response to user feedback, and regular support and maintenance actions are carried out to maintain the website's long-term effectiveness. Debra Howcraft and John Carroll discussed

530-519: A diverse and often unknown user base running in a range of technological environments, their complexity exceeds that of traditional Information Systems (IS). To ensure maximum reach and efficacy, the website must be tested in a variety of contexts and technologies. The website moves to the delivery stage after gaining final approval from the designer. To ensure its preparation for launch, the quality assurance team performs rigorous testing for functionality, compatibility, and performance. Additional testing

583-487: A few traditional web development methodologies in their research paper: Developing a fundamental knowledge of client-side and server-side dynamics is crucial. The goal of front-end development is to create a website's user interface and visual components that users may interact with directly. On the other hand, back-end development works with databases, server-side logic, and application functionality. Building reliable and user-friendly online applications requires

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636-682: A message. The time between keystroke messages can be studied using hidden Markov models . Song, et al. claim that it can recover the password fifty times faster than a brute force attack . Onion routing systems are used to gain anonymity. Traffic analysis can be used to attack anonymous communication systems like the Tor anonymity network . Adam Back, Ulf Möeller and Anton Stiglic present traffic analysis attacks against anonymity providing systems. Steven J. Murdoch and George Danezis from University of Cambridge presented research showing that traffic-analysis allows adversaries to infer which nodes relay

689-431: A military context, traffic analysis is a basic part of signals intelligence , and can be a source of information about the intentions and actions of the target. Representative patterns include: There is a close relationship between traffic analysis and cryptanalysis (commonly called codebreaking ). Callsigns and addresses are frequently encrypted , requiring assistance in identifying them. Traffic volume can often be

742-431: A sign of an addressee's importance, giving hints to pending objectives or movements to cryptanalysts. Traffic-flow security is the use of measures that conceal the presence and properties of valid messages on a network to prevent traffic analysis. This can be done by operational procedures or by the protection resulting from features inherent in some cryptographic equipment. Techniques used include: Traffic-flow security

795-475: A single permanent or contracting developer, or secondary assignment to related job positions such as a graphic designer or information systems technician. Web development may be a collaborative effort between departments rather than the domain of a designated department. There are three kinds of Web developer specialization: front-end developer , back-end developer, and full-stack developer. Front-end developers are responsible for behavior and visuals that run in

848-683: A strong competitor among amateur and business users. Macromedia acquired FutureWave Software , makers of FutureSplash Animator , in November 1996. FutureSplash Animator was an animation tool originally developed for pen-based computing devices. Because of the small size of the FutureSplash Viewer application, it was particularly suited for download over the Internet, where most users, at the time, had low-bandwidth connections. Macromedia renamed Splash to Macromedia Flash , and following

901-501: A vital technique in cryptanalysis , especially when the attempted crack depends on successfully seeding a known-plaintext attack , which often requires an inspired guess based on how specific the operational context might likely influence what an adversary communicates, which may be sufficient to establish a short crib. Traffic analysis method can be used to break the anonymity of anonymous networks, e.g., TORs . There are two methods of traffic-analysis attack, passive and active. In

954-677: A web application server based on the CFML language, JRun , a Java EE application server, and HomeSite , an HTML code editor that was also bundled with Dreamweaver. In 2003, Macromedia acquired the web conferencing company Presedia and continued to develop and enhance their Flash-based online collaboration and presentation product offering under the brand Breeze . Later that year, Macromedia also acquired help authoring software company eHelp Corporation , whose products included RoboHelp and RoboDemo (now Adobe Captivate ). On April 18, 2005, Adobe Systems announced an agreement to acquire Macromedia in

1007-428: A web strategy and analyzing how a website can effectively achieve its goals. Keil et al's research identifies the primary reasons for software project failures as a lack of top management commitment and misunderstandings of system requirements. To mitigate these risks, Phase One establishes strategic goals and objectives, designing a system to fulfill them. The decision to establish a web presence should ideally align with

1060-402: A website, which may surpass the initial development expenses. Key aspects in this step are: Following the analysis phase, the development process moves on to the design phase, which is guided by the objectives document. Recognizing the incremental growth of websites and the potential lack of good design architecture, the methodology includes iteration to account for changes and additions over

1113-436: Is a high-level solution for the reuse of software pieces, a step forward in simple library-based reuse that allows for sharing common functions and generic logic of a domain application. Frameworks and libraries are essential tools that expedite the development process. These tools enhance developer productivity and contribute to the maintainability of large-scale applications. Some popular front-end frameworks are: Managing

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1166-533: Is being considered for merging .›   The web development life cycle is a method that outlines the stages involved in building websites and web applications. It provides a structured approach, ensuring optimal results throughout the development process. A typical Web Development process can be divided into 7 steps. Debra Howcraft and John Carroll proposed a methodology in which web development process can be divided into sequential steps. They mentioned different aspects of analysis. Phase one involves crafting

1219-456: Is carried out, including integration, stress, scalability , load, resolution, and cross-browser compatibility . When the approval is given, the website is pushed to the server via FTP , completing the development process. Key aspects in this step are: The web development process goes beyond deployment to include a variety of post-deployment tasks. Websites, in example, are frequently under ongoing maintenance, with new items being uploaded on

1272-517: Is critical. The primary purpose of content production is to create a communication channel through the user interface by delivering relevant information about your firm in an engaging and easily understandable manner. This includes: The stage of content production is critical in establishing the branding and marketing of your website or web application. It serves as a platform for defining the purpose and goals of your online presence through compelling and convincing content. During this critical stage,

1325-492: Is one aspect of communications security . The Communications' Metadata Intelligence , or COMINT metadata is a term in communications intelligence (COMINT) referring to the concept of producing intelligence by analyzing only the technical metadata , hence, is a great practical example for traffic analysis in intelligence. While traditionally information gathering in COMINT is derived from intercepting transmissions, tapping

1378-701: Is the work involved in developing a website for the Internet ( World Wide Web ) or an intranet (a private network). Web development can range from developing a simple single static page of plain text to complex web applications , electronic businesses , and social network services . A more comprehensive list of tasks to which Web development commonly refers, may include Web engineering , Web design , Web content development , client liaison, client-side / server-side scripting , Web server and network security configuration, and e-commerce development. Among Web professionals, "Web development" usually refers to

1431-542: The Content Management System , interactive contact forms, and shopping carts are activated. The coding process includes creating all of the site's software and installing it on the appropriate Web servers. This can range from simple things like posting to a Web server to more complex tasks like establishing database connections. In any web project, the testing phase is incredibly intricate and difficult. Because web apps are frequently designed for

1484-543: The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), implementing features like alternative text for images, and designing with considerations for diverse user needs, including those with disabilities. It is important to ensure that web applications are accessible and visually appealing across various devices and screen sizes. Responsive design uses CSS media queries and flexible layouts to adapt to different viewing environments. A framework

1537-451: The metadata of the two units' transmissions, not on the content of their transmissions. Using all or as much of the metadata available is commonly used to build up an Electronic Order of Battle (EOB) by mapping different entities in the battlefield and their connections. Of course, the EOB could be built by tapping all the conversations and trying to understand, which unit is where, but using

1590-424: The anonymous streams. This reduces the anonymity provided by Tor. They have shown that otherwise unrelated streams can be linked back to the same initiator. Remailer systems can also be attacked via traffic analysis. If a message is observed going to a remailing server, and an identical-length (if now anonymized) message is seen exiting the server soon after, a traffic analyst may be able to (automatically) connect

1643-648: The company's product success and financial health. A similar suit had been filed a month earlier. The class-action suit was dismissed by a federal judge on May 19, 1998. On August 10, 2000, Adobe claimed that Macromedia violated two of its patents on tabbed palettes. Macromedia countered with a claim that Adobe infringed on Macromedia's patents for a draw-based editor for Web pages and a hierarchical structure editor for Web sites. In July 2002, Adobe and Macromedia reached an agreement that settled all claims in this series of patent suits. Eventually, Adobe acquired Macromedia 3 years later. Web development Web development

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1696-512: The early days of the internet. Over time, advancements led to the incorporation of CSS for styling and JavaScript for interactivity. This evolution transformed static websites into dynamic and responsive platforms, setting the stage for the complex and feature-rich web applications we have today. Web development in future will be driven by advances in browser technology, Web internet infrastructure, protocol standards, software engineering methods, and application trends. ‹The template How-to

1749-458: The goals and objectives outlined in the first three steps. Phases One and Two involve an iterative loop in which objectives in the Objectives Document are revisited to ensure alignment with the design. Any objectives that are removed are added to the Wish List for future consideration. Key aspects in this step are: No matter how visually appealing a website is, good communication with clients

1802-481: The internet," using standardized XML (Extensible Markup Language) tags to authorize information flow from independent platforms and online databases . Web 3.0, considered the third and current version of the web, was introduced in 2014. The concept envisions a complete redesign of the web. Key features include the integration of metadata , precise information delivery, and improved user experiences based on preferences, history, and interests. Web 3.0 aims to turn

1855-466: The lead of Netscape , distributed the Flash Player as a free browser plugin in order to quickly gain market share. As of 2005, more computers worldwide had the Flash Player installed than any other Web media format, including Java , QuickTime , RealNetworks , and Windows Media Player . As Flash matured, Macromedia's focus shifted from marketing it as a graphics and media tool to promoting it as

1908-405: The life of the site. The design phase, which is divided into Information Design and Graphic Design , results in a detailed Design Document that details the structure of the website, database data structures , and CGI scripts.* The following step, design testing, focuses on early, low-cost testing to identify inconsistencies or flaws in the design. This entails comparing the website's design to

1961-456: The main non-design aspects of building Web sites: writing markup and coding . Web development may use content management systems (CMS) to make content changes easier and available with basic technical skills. For larger organizations and businesses, Web development teams can consist of hundreds of people ( Web developers ) and follow standard methods like Agile methodologies while developing Web sites. Smaller organizations may only require

2014-545: The metadata with an automatic analysis tool enables a much faster and accurate EOB build-up, which, alongside tapping, builds a much better and complete picture. Traffic analysis is also a concern in computer security . An attacker can gain important information by monitoring the frequency and timing of network packets. A timing attack on the SSH protocol can use timing information to deduce information about passwords since, during interactive session, SSH transmits each keystroke as

2067-467: The mid-1990s. Authorware was Macromedia's principal product in the interactive learning market. As the Internet moved from a university research medium to a commercial network, Macromedia began working to web-enable its existing tools and develop new products like Dreamweaver . Macromedia created Shockwave , a Director-viewer plugin for web browsers. The first multimedia playback in Netscape's browser

2120-419: The organization's corporate information strategy. The analysis phase can be divided into 3 steps: During this phase, the previously outlined objectives and available resources undergo analysis to determine their feasibility. This analysis is divided into six tasks, as follows: Following this analysis, a more refined set of objectives is documented. Objectives that cannot be presently fulfilled are recorded in

2173-458: The overall satisfaction of users interacting with a website or application. This involves wireframing , prototyping , and implementing design principles to enhance user interaction. Some of the popular tools used for UI Wireframing are - Another key aspect to keep in mind while designing is Web Accessibility - Web accessibility ensures that digital content is available and usable for people of all abilities. This involves adhering to standards like

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2226-599: The program would prove useful to Macromedia in the development of Fireworks . In March 1996, Macromedia acquired iBand Software, makers of the Backstage HTML authoring tool and application server. Macromedia developed a new HTML -authoring tool, Dreamweaver , around portions of the Backstage codebase and released the first version in 1997. At the time, most professional web authors preferred to code HTML by hand using text editors because they wanted full control over

2279-412: The sender with the ultimate receiver. Variations of remailer operations exist that can make traffic analysis less effective. Traffic analysis involves intercepting and scrutinizing cybersecurity threats to gather valuable insights about anonymous data flowing through the exit node . By using technique rooted in dark web crawling and specializing software, one can identify the specific characteristics of

2332-555: The similarities with Adobe Illustrator , the Federal Trade Commission issued a complaint in October 1994 ordering the divestiture of FreeHand back to Altsys. With Macromedia's acquisition of Altsys, it received FreeHand thus expanding its product line of multimedia graphics software to include illustration and design graphics software. FreeHand's vector graphics rendering engine and other software components within

2385-400: The source. Dreamweaver addressed this with its "Roundtrip HTML" feature, which attempted to preserve the fidelity of hand-edited source code during visual edits, allowing users to work back and forth between visual and code editing. Over the next few years Dreamweaver became widely adopted among professional web authors, though many still preferred to hand-code, and Microsoft FrontPage remained

2438-452: The state of a web application to ensure data consistency and responsiveness. State management libraries like Redux (for React ) or Vuex (for Vue.js ) play a crucial role in complex applications. Traffic analysis Traffic analysis tasks may be supported by dedicated computer software programs. Advanced traffic analysis techniques which may include various forms of social network analysis . Traffic analysis has historically been

2491-405: The static, read-only nature of Web 1.0 and became an integrated network for engagement and communication. It is often referred to as a user-focused, read-write online network. In the realm of Web 2.0 environments, users now have access to a platform that encourages sharing activities such as creating music, files, images, and movies. The architecture of Web 2.0 is often considered the "backbone of

2544-401: The target's communications and monitoring the content of conversations, the metadata intelligence is not based on content but on technical communicational data. Non-content COMINT is usually used to deduce information about the user of a certain transmitter, such as locations, contacts, activity volume, routine and its exceptions. For example, if an emitter is known as the radio transmitter of

2597-565: The user browser, while back-end developers deal with the servers. Since the commercialization of the Web, the industry has boomed and has become one of the most used technologies ever. Tim Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web in 1989 at CERN. The primary goal in the development of the Web was to fulfill the automated information-sharing needs of academics affiliated with institutions and various global organizations. Consequently, HTML

2650-417: The web into a sizable, organized database, providing more functionality than traditional search engines. Users can customize navigation based on their preferences, and the core ideas involve identifying data sources, connecting them for efficiency, and creating user profiles. This version is sometimes also known as Semantic Web . The journey of web development technologies began with simple HTML pages in

2703-413: The website is built while keeping its fundamental goal in mind, paying close attention to all graphic components to assure the establishment of a completely working site. The procedure begins with the development of the main page, which is followed by the production of interior pages. The site's navigational structure is being refined in particular. During this development phase, key functionality such as

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2756-543: Was a Director plug-in. Macromedia licensed Sun's Java Programming Language in October 1995. By 2002, Macromedia had produced more than 20 products and had 30 offices in 13 countries. In January 1995, Macromedia acquired Altsys Corporation after Adobe Systems announced a merger with Altsys' business partner, the Aldus Corporation . Altsys was the developer of the vector-drawing program FreeHand , which had been licensed by Aldus for marketing and sales. Because of

2809-479: Was developed in 1993. Web 1.0 is described as the first paradigm wherein users could only view material and provide a small amount of information. Core protocols of web 1.0 were HTTP , HTML and URI . Web 2.0 , a term popularised by Dale Dougherty , then vice president of O'Reilly, during a 2004 conference with Media Live, marks a shift in internet usage, emphasizing interactivity. Web 2.0 introduced increased user engagement and communication. It evolved from

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