Muhammad Marwa (died 1980), best known by his nickname Maitatsine , was a controversial Muslim preacher in Nigeria who founded the Yan Tatsine , a militant Quranist movement that first appeared around the early 1970s. Maitatsine is a Hausa word meaning "the one who damns" and refers to his curse-laden public speeches against the Nigerian state.
23-487: He was originally from Marwa in northern Cameroon . After his education, he moved to Kano, Nigeria in about 1945, where he became known for his controversial preachings on the Qur'an . Maitatsine spoke against the use of radios, watches, bicycles, cars and the possession of more money than necessary. The British colonial authorities sent him into exile , but he returned to Kano shortly after independence . By 1972, he had
46-832: A General Secretariat which includes the general secretary's office, the communications office and other organizational responsibilities. Through the General Secretariat, the WCRC promotes dialogue between churches, advocates for causes on a global scale and supports the activities of its member churches. The global headquarters of the WCRC are located in Hanover, Germany, with a North American non-profit subsidiary based in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Originally based in Geneva, Switzerland, which played host to John Calvin and earned
69-529: A bi-annual Global Institute of Theology, and brings Calvinist theological scholars together for various discussions. The Justice office promotes economic, ecological and human rights, basing much of its work on the Accra Confession , a statement adopted at the 2004 General Council of the World Alliance of Reformed Churches and re-endorsed at the 2010 Uniting General Council. The WCRC also has
92-504: A close disciple of Maitatsine, emerged as a leader and Marwa's successor. Ultimately, more than 1,000 people died in Yola and roughly half of the city's 60,000 inhabitants were left homeless. Makaniki fled to his hometown of Gombe , where more Yan Tatsine riots occurred in April 1985. After the deaths of several hundred people Makaniki retreated to Cameroon, where he remained until 2004 when he
115-477: A notable and increasingly militant following known as Yan Tatsine . In 1975, he was again arrested by Nigerian police for slander and public abuse of political authorities But in that period he began to receive acceptance from religious authorities, especially after making hajj , the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca . As his following increased in the 1970s, so did the number of confrontations between his adherents and
138-449: A position on the issue of homosexuality but includes denominations that affirm same sex marriage. The 2010 Uniting General Council stated that the WCRC should be "called to communion and committed to justice." Its two main program offices are thus focused on these aspects, with theological work included with communion. The Theology and Communion office serves as coordinator for official dialogues with other religious organizations, organizes
161-805: A reputation as the "Protestant Rome", the group's Executive Committee announced on 8 November 2012, that they would relocate the headquarters to Hanover, Germany, by December 2013, due to overbearing financial strains caused by the high value of the Swiss franc. In 2017, WCRC published the Declaration of Faith Concerning Women's Ordination, in which it supports the practice of women's ordination and encourages its 42 member denominations that do not ordain women to change their position. The National Presbyterian Church in Mexico and National Union of Independent Reformed Evangelical Churches of France protested against
184-619: A two-day meeting ending on 1 February 2006, Douwe Visser, president of the Reformed Ecumenical Council , and Clifton Kirkpatrick, president of the World Alliance of Reformed Churches , said in a joint letter to their constituencies, "We rejoice in the work of the Holy Spirit which we believe has led us to recommend that the time has come to bring together the work of the World Alliance of Reformed Churches and
207-438: Is Sahelian, being hot and dry for most of the year. Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot semi-arid ( BSh ). Sports activities are recognized on football, traditional wrestling. 10°35′50″N 14°18′57″E / 10.5971°N 14.3157°E / 10.5971; 14.3157 World Communion of Reformed Churches The World Communion of Reformed Churches ( WCRC )
230-584: Is the largest association of Reformed ( Calvinist ) churches in the world. It has 230 member denominations in 108 countries, together claiming an estimated 80 million people, thus being the fourth-largest Christian communion in the world after the Catholic Church , Eastern Orthodox Church , and the Anglican Communion . This ecumenical Christian body was formed in June 2010 by the union of
253-750: The Protestant Church in the Netherlands . Its member denominations on the whole could be considered more liberal than the member denominations of the International Conference of Reformed Churches or the World Reformed Fellowship , which are also large ecumenical Calvinist organizations. The WCRC traces its origins to 1875, with several unifying Reformed organizations emerging in London , England . After
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#1732775650647276-1730: The Remonstrant Church , Spanish Evangelical Church , United Church of Canada , Uniting Church in Australia , Uniting Church in Sweden , United Church of Christ , United Church of Christ in the Philippines , Evangelical Church of the River Plate , Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren , Protestant Church in the Netherlands , United Protestant Church in Belgium , United Protestant Church of France , Union of Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine , Protestant Reformed Church of Luxembourg , Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (NGK) , Reformed Church in Austria , Reformed Church in America , Swiss Reformed Church , Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa , Reformed Alliance , Church of Lippe , Evangelical Reformed Church in Germany , United Reformed Church , Presbyterian Church in Canada , Presbyterian Church (USA) , Church of Scotland , Presbyterian Church of Wales , Uniting Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa , Waldensian Evangelical Church and Waldensian Evangelical Church of
299-639: The World Alliance of Reformed Churches (WARC) and the Reformed Ecumenical Council (REC). Among the biggest denominations in the WCRC are the Church of South India , Presbyterian Church of East Africa , Presbyterian Church of Korea , Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus , Church of Jesus Christ in Madagascar , Federation of Swiss Protestant Churches , Protestant Church in Indonesia , Presbyterian Church (USA) , Evangelical Church of Cameroon ,and
322-514: The places of worship , they are predominantly Muslim mosques. There are also Christian churches and temples : Roman Catholic Diocese of Maroua–Mokolo ( Catholic Church ), Evangelical Church of Cameroon ( World Communion of Reformed Churches ), Presbyterian Church in Cameroon ( World Communion of Reformed Churches ), Cameroon Baptist Convention ( Baptist World Alliance ), Full Gospel Mission Cameroon ( Assemblies of God ). The climate
345-605: The "Unity of the Spirit in the Bond of Peace" mentioned in Ephesians as its main theme, setting a tone of true mutual understanding and acceptance amongst member churches and associates, laying aside differences and other issues as they embark on this shared journey with one another as each seeks to discern the will of God and continue their struggle for justice and peace in the world. The World Communion of Reformed Churches has not taken
368-595: The Reformed Ecumenical Council into one body that will strengthen the unity and witness of Calvinist Christians." After first calling the potential body "World Reformed Communion", this was modified into "World Communion of Reformed Churches". A Uniting General Council of the WCRC, bringing the organization into existence, took place from 18–26 June 2010 at Calvin College , located at Grand Rapids, Michigan , United States . The council focused on
391-468: The River Plate . WCRC presidents are ordinarily elected for a term of seven years at every General Council: WCRC general secretaries are elected for seven years at every General Council (held septennially): Setri Nyomi's term was a continuation of his term as general secretary of the World Alliance of Reformed Churches . Upon the conclusion of Chris Ferguson 's term as general secretary in August 2021,
414-487: The WCRC Executive Committee appointed a "Collegial General Secretariat" originally composed of the three executive secretaries: Hanns Lessing (Secretary of Communion and Witness, Evangelical Church of Westphalia ), Philip Vinod Peacock (Secretary of Justice and Witness, Church of North India ), and Phil Tanis (Secretary of Communications and Operations, Reformed Church in America ). They were joined in
437-934: The clashes either from his wounds or from a heart attack. According to a 2010 article published by the Sunday Trust magazine, the Nigerian military cremated Maitatsine's remains, which now rest in a bottle kept at a police laboratory in Kano. Despite Mohammad Marwa's death, 'Yan Tatsine riots continued into the early 1980s. In October 1982 riots erupted in Bulumkutu , near Maiduguri , and in Kaduna , to where many Yan Tatsine adherents had moved after 1980. Over 3,000 people died. Some survivors of these altercations moved to Yola , and in early 1984 more violent uprisings occurred in that city. In this round of rioting, Musa Makaniki ,
460-852: The declaration, while the Presbyterian Church of Chile abstained. In the same year, WCRC became the 5th signatory of the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification , after the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity (of the Roman Catholic Church ), Lutheran World Federation , World Methodist Council and Anglican Communion . The WCRC has no official position on human sexuality. However, many of its member denominations promote same-sex marriage or bless same-sex unions , such as
483-523: The police. His preaching attracted largely a following of youths, unemployed migrants, and those who felt that mainstream Muslim teachers were not doing enough for their communities. By December 1980, continued Yan Tatsine attacks on other religious figures and police forced the Nigerian army to become involved. Subsequent armed clashes led to the deaths of around 5,000 people, including Maitatsine himself. Maitatsine died shortly after sustaining injuries in
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#1732775650647506-756: Was arrested in Nigeria. Some analysts view the terrorist group Boko Haram as an extension of the Maitatsine riots. Maroua Maroua (Fula: Marwa, مَرْوَ , 𞤥𞤢𞤪𞤱𞤢) is the capital of the Far North Region of Cameroon , stretching along the banks of the Ferngo and Kaliao Rivers , in the foothills of the Mandara Mountains . The city had 301,371 inhabitants at the 2005 Census mainly Fulbe / Fulani ethnic group. The city
529-643: Was occupied by the Guiziga in the 17th century and the Mofu in the 18th century. The Maroua Declaration , a maritime boundary agreement between Nigeria and Cameroon, was signed in Maroua on 1 June 1975. Embroidery, leather goods, jewelry, pottery are important economic activities in the city. The city also has the Maroua Salak Airport . The University of Maroua is based in the city. Among
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