Malung is a locality and the seat of Malung-Sälen Municipality , Dalarna County , Sweden , with 5,126 inhabitants as of 2010.
53-423: Malung is home to Malungs Folkhögskola , two kilometers south of the town centre. Specialized courses include folk music, dance, mountaineering, blacksmithing and health. Malung is also where the first DreamHack event took place. In the 29th week of every year, Malung is host to Svenska dansbandsveckan , an annual dance festival that regularly brings over 3000 caravans as well as more than 80 performing bands to
106-575: A folk high school in rural Appalachia based on observations of European folk high schools. The John C. Campbell Folk School opened in 1925 in Brasstown, North Carolina , and it is still offering classes today. Students can learn American traditional arts and crafts, including blacksmithing, ceramics, cooking, jewelry, dance and music. Myles Horton , who co-founded the civil rights-focused Highlander Folk School in New Market, Tennessee in 1932,
159-461: A large number of them are owned by a foundation and some are owned by the county. Most courses last for one year, but a few schools give a second year course. Common course options include outdoor skills, land use skills, the arts such as photography or painting, music such as jazz or rock, Norwegian language and culture, and travel skills. In 1910, the Przegląd Oświatowy magazine published by
212-474: A large part of its territory. This incident allowed the growth of a new Danish consciousness and nationalism based on enlightenment of the people. Denmark's loss of territory to Prussia hit the Danish national consciousness hard, which became a catalyst for a new Danish identity. They established folk high schools all around the country and by 1867 twenty-one folk high schools had opened. Almost everyone working at
265-482: A local level and provide non-credit courses for adults in: This type of folk high school is currently most widespread in Germany. Because they offer preparatory classes for school exams, in Germany these schools also function as the equivalent of adult high schools in other countries. Germany also has folk high schools that are boarding schools, called Heimvolkshochschulen . Iceland is home to only two folk schools,
318-508: A male householder with no wife present, and 43.8% were non-families. 40.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.85. The median age in the city was 46.1 years. 21.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22% were from 25 to 44; 24.5% were from 45 to 64; and 26.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of
371-676: A parade runs down Main Street with floats that are made by various neighborhoods and organizations in the area. The Lincoln County Fairgrounds are located in Tyler. The yearly county fair takes place in August. The Danebod Folk School, opened in 1888, was named in honor of a Danish queen. The campus of Danebod Folk School, including Danebod Lutheran Church, has been a part of the National Historic Register since 1975 due to both
424-416: A row with the old school. Grundtvig fought for a public education as an alternative to the university elite. The folk high schools should be for those wanting to learn in general and to help people form part of human relations and society . The folk high schools have changed naturally – some also radically – through time, but many of Grundtvig's core ideas about the folk high school are still to be found in
477-426: A sufficient reward. The essential element was and is the life at the schools. A folk high school becomes what it is because of the individuals of which it is made. Learning happens across social positions and differences – the teacher learns from the student and vice versa in a living exchange and mutual teaching. For Grundtvig dialogue across differences was essential – the ideal was that people must learn to bear with
530-586: A town named "Molung" while passing through Jarnberaland(swe: järnbäraland, "iron-bearing land", modern day Dalarna ) in the year 1177. The locals were described as friendly and helpful although heathen due to their belief in Aesir faith or old Nordic religion . This makes Malung the first settlement in Dalarna to be recorded in text. In addition to the locality's own history one of several millstone quarries can be found approximately five kilometers south-east of
583-509: Is a city in Lincoln County , Minnesota , United States. The population of Tyler was 1,138 at the 2020 census . Tyler was platted in 1879. It was named for C. B. Tyler, a Minnesota land agent and newspaper editor. A post office has been in operation in Tyler since 1879. Tyler's Danebod district was originally built up chiefly by Danish settlers and is now listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. According to
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#1732791862232636-505: Is embedded in the teaching of various subjects, e.g. the arts , gymnastics , and journalism . Most of the schools have an area of expertise, for example sports , music , art or writing . Since no degree or diploma is awarded the teaching is freer and more informal than at ordinary educational institutions. Most Scandinavian folk high schools are boarding schools where the students live for from two to six months., and some schools offer programs for an entire year. The movement started as
689-485: Is known as the leather capital of Sweden, with its leather industry and several tanneries. Malung also has a proud and old tradition of so-called "skinners" or "skinnare": groups of leather merchants, tailors and tanners who would walk between villages to create and sell pelts, leather jackets and even shoes in exchange for accommodation and a modest pay. Malung has a relatively moderate subarctic climate not far below continental . In comparison with areas further east in
742-684: Is typically around 1300 Danish kroner per week, including board and lodging. In recent history, globalization has exercised an increasingly important influence on Danish schools. Many courses are open to foreigners as well as Danes, and many courses include travelling or voluntary stays in other countries as part of the curriculum. In 1889, Sofia Hagman started the first folk high school in Finland in Kangasala . Public, private, secular and religious folk high schools are common in Finland, and there are also worker's high schools, which are governed by
795-626: Is unique among the Danish folk high schools in that it is the most international one in Denmark, with classes taught in English and teachers and students from countries all around the world attending. There are around 70 folk high schools in Denmark. The principal subjects of instruction vary from the creative arts such as music, arts, design, writing, to intellectual courses such as religion, philosophy, literature and psychology. Some schools even have courses that specialize in sports. Tuition varies, but
848-708: The 20th arrondissement of Paris (and is still active), Oslo Experimental High School , which opened in 1967 in Norway, and Saint-Nazaire Experimental High School, which opened six months before the LAP. Theoretical influences include the works of Célestin Freinet , Raymond Fonvieille , Fernand Oury , and other theoreticians of the institutional pedagogy , institutional analysis ( René Lourau in particular), and institutional psychotherapeutic movements. Folk high schools in Germany, Switzerland and Austria are usually funded on
901-778: The LungA School , an artist-run art school in Seyðisfjörður , which opened in 2014 and the The Flateyri Folk School in Flateyri , which opened in 2018. Folk high schools ( Lithuanian : liaudies universitetas which translates as people's university) were first established in the early 20th century in Lithuania. They became more popular in the interwar Lithuania . In 1937, there were 56 people's universities attended by 160,000 students. Some of
954-581: The People's Libraries Society featured an article by Idzi Świtała, in which he reported on the success of Danish folk high schools in fostering the prosperity of the Danish countryside. This inspired Polish activist Antoni Ludwiczak to establish a similar school in partitioned Poland, also for Polish patriotic education in view of the Germanisation policy of the German authorities. The establishment of
1007-759: The Second Empire , Jean Macé founded the Ligue de l'enseignement ("Teaching League"), which was devoted to popular instruction. Following the split between the Anarchists and the Marxists at the 1872 Hague Congress , popular education remained an important part of the workers' movement , especially in the anarcho-syndicalist movement which set up, with Fernand Pelloutier , various Bourses du travail centres, where workers gathered and discussed politics and sciences. The Jules Ferry laws that were passed in
1060-1349: The Soviet occupation of Lithuania in 1940 , the number of people's universities was reduced to eight attended by about 6,000 students. The schools were completely closed after the German occupation in 1941. The people's universities were reestablished in 1958 by the Ministry of Culture of the Lithuanian SSR . They were supervised by a council under the Lithuanian chapter of the Znanie Society [ ru ] . In 1964, there were 18 people's universities in Vilnius that prepared training materials for other people's universities based in cities and districts. The curriculum reflected Soviet ideology. After Lithuania regained independence in 1990, people's universities were closed. Instead, cultural organizations (such as museums or libraries) organize educational activities (lectures, seminars, conferences, etc.). The first folk high school in Norway , Sagatun ,
1113-634: The United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 2.01 square miles (5.21 km ), of which 1.97 square miles (5.10 km ) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km ) is water. U.S. Highway 14 serves as a main route in the community. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,143 people, 520 households, and 292 families living in the city. The population density was 580.2 inhabitants per square mile (224.0/km ). There were 583 housing units at an average density of 295.9 per square mile (114.2/km ). The racial makeup of
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#17327918622321166-574: The countryside , often in remote areas. Tuition is free, and the students are eligible for normal financial aid for expenses such as accommodation and other school costs. Students can either study for a general qualification, which makes them eligible to study at university, or a specific subject such as arts, crafts, film, theatre, music or design to gain practical experience. Some schools, for example Södra Vätterbygdens Folkhögskola near Jönköping , cooperate with schools in other countries and have an exchange student program. A comprehensive overview of
1219-460: The town centre . The quarry is 1700 meters long, 50–170 meters wide and it has been active since the early Viking Age based on finds dated to the later half of the eighth century. Millstones cut in this quarry has been found as far south as Lund as well as in Mälardalen , most parts of Svealand and even Norway . The quarry is a culture reserve as of 2003. In more recent history, Malung
1272-597: The 1880s established free, secular , mandatory public education as one of the founding principles of the Third Republic . In addition, many teachers were strong supporters of Alfred Dreyfus during the Dreyfus Affair of the 1890s. Afterward, some teachers set up free educational lectures on humanist topics in order to struggle against the spread of antisemitism in France. In more recent times, following
1325-478: The 1981 presidential election Minister of Education Alain Savary supported Jean Lévi 's initiative to create a public high school that would deliver the baccalauréat but would be organized on the principles of workers' self-management (or "autogestion"). This high school took the name Lycée autogéré de Paris (LAP). The LAP was explicitly inspired by the secondary school Vitruve , which opened in 1962 in
1378-619: The 1990s, this pattern began to change. Nine folk schools were founded in the late 1990s and by 2010 an additional twenty-two. As of 2019, the Folk Education Association of America reported over ninety-four active folk schools in twenty-five states. These new folk schools, largely modeled after the John C Campbell Folk School, work to strengthen their communities through the practice and sharing of place-based cultural traditions and craft. Tyler, Minnesota Tyler
1431-778: The Danish writer, poet, philosopher, and pastor N. F. S. Grundtvig (1783–1872). Grundtvig was inspired by the Marquis de Condorcet 's Report on the General Organization of Public Instruction which was written in 1792 during the French Revolution . The revolution had a direct influence on popular education in France. In the United States, a Danish folk school, called Danebod, was founded in Tyler, Minnesota . Despite similar names and somewhat similar goals,
1484-457: The adult education tradition. Other countries have also been inspired by Grundtvig's concept of popular education. In Nigeria, the United States, and India, a few schools have been built upon Grundtvig's principles for education. Grundtvig , regarded as the founder of the folk high school, received inspiration for the concept from the English boarding schools , but Grundtvig's focus was not on formal education but on popular education . The idea
1537-405: The average family size was 2.81. In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.3% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 21.6% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 27.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.2 males. The median income for a household in the city
1590-481: The city was 48.1% male and 51.9% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,218 people, 532 households, and 338 families living in the city. The population density was 632.8 inhabitants per square mile (244.3/km ). There were 577 housing units at an average density of 299.8 per square mile (115.8/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 97.78% White , 0.49% Native American , 0.49% Asian , 1.23% from other races . Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.87% of
1643-417: The city was 96.9% White , 0.3% African American , 0.3% Native American , 0.2% Asian , 1.0% from other races , and 1.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.4% of the population. There were 520 households, of which 23.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.7% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 1.7% had
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1696-556: The community. Every year around 50,000 tickets are sold. The oldest written source mentioning Malung is the Sverre Saga from the 13th Century. The mill wheel manufacturing in the area is supposed to be centuries older than that. The history of Malung as a village or settlement precedes local recorded history. It is however mentioned in the 13:th century tale " Sverres saga " that the Norwegian king Sverre Sigurdsson rode through
1749-953: The county like Falun , temperatures are generally chilly. Cold extremes in particular are very cold compared to elsewhere this far south in the country. Folk high school Folk high schools (also adult education center , Danish : folkehøjskole ; Dutch : volkshogeschool ; Finnish : kansanopisto and työväenopisto or kansalaisopisto ; German : Volkshochschule and (a few) Heimvolkshochschule ; Bokmål : folkehøgskole , Nynorsk : folkehøgskule ; Spanish : Universidad popular ; Swedish : folkhögskola ; Polish : Uniwersytet ludowy ; Hungarian : népfőiskola ) are institutions for adult education that generally do not grant academic degrees , though certain courses might exist leading to that goal. They are most commonly found in Nordic countries and in Germany, Switzerland and Austria. The concept originally came from
1802-614: The differences of each other before enlightenment can be realized. The character of folk high schools differ from country to country, but usually institutions have the following common features: Especially in non-German speaking countries, the folk high schools may be boarding schools or may mainly offer courses for adults age 18–30. In addition to the Nordic countries and Germany there are also folk high schools in Switzerland, Austria, Poland, and France. The first folk high school
1855-463: The first folk high school for females was founded by Fredrique Paijkull . Swedish folk high schools receive public funding from the Swedish government to support four goals: strengthening democracy, personal development, creating educational equality, and promoting interest and participation in culture. As of 2023, there are 156 folk high schools throughout the country, most of which are situated in
1908-453: The folk high schools had been an apprentice of Grundtvig. In 1918 the number of folk high schools in Denmark had reached 68. The modern folk high schools vary significantly. Some still have a religious focus but most of them are secular. The schools are still Grundtvigian folk high schools which means that their focus is on enlightenment, ethics , morality and democracy although they are not taught explicitly. The Grundtvigian philosophy
1961-401: The ideal was to give the students a sense of a common best and focusing on life as it really is. Therefore, Grundtvig never set down guidelines for the future schools or a detailed description of how they should be run. He declared that the folk high schools should be arranged and developed according to life as it is and the schools should not hold exams because the education and enlightenment was
2014-584: The institutions in Germany and Sweden are quite different from those in Denmark and Norway. Folk high schools in Germany and Sweden are in fact much closer to the institutions known as folkeuniversitet in Norway and Denmark, which provide adult education. However, unlike the folkeuniversitet folk high schools in Sweden are not connected with a regular university . The Finnish adult education centers called työväenopisto and kansalaisopisto (Swedish: arbetarinstitut , literally 'workers' institute') are also part of
2067-493: The labor movement. There are 184 folk high schools in Finland, with an annual course attendance of 650,000, in 2 million hours of lessons, which are substantial numbers for a country of 5.5 million people. Unlike in Finnish public education, there are tuition fees , per-course and per-lesson fees. The most common subjects are handicraft skills, music, languages, physical education, visual arts, theater and dance. In 1866, during
2120-614: The more prominent schools included the People's University of Vincas Kudirka (established in 1923), People's University of Motiejus Valančius (established in 1924 by the Catholic youth organization Pavasaris ), People's University of Povilas Višinskis (established in 1926 by Kltūra Company [ lt ] ), People's University of Jonas Basanavičius (established in 1928 by the Lithuanian Teachers' Union). After
2173-480: The popular education of theoretical and practical knowledge directly to the whole population, especially to industrial workers ( proletariat ), rural farm workers ( campisinos ), emigrants, and citizens with special needs who do not have convenient access to regular, formal educational facilities, The first folk high schools in Sweden were established in 1868. The first school was open only to men, but already in 1870,
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2226-407: The population. There were 532 households, out of which 24.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.0% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.3% were non-families. 33.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and
2279-554: The programs offered at all Swedish folk high schools between 1952-2019 is provided in an open data repository and the central page for applying to folk high schools is folkhogskola.nu . In 1998, the Grundtvig Movement of Nigeria led by Dr. Kachi Ozumba Snr. established Grundtvig International Secondary School , an independent co-educational secondary school built upon Grundtvig's principles for education. Americans John C. Campbell and Olive Dame Campbell helped create
2332-506: The rest of the year. Kold's goal was for students to return to the school regularly in the winter to continue their education. In the beginning only young men could attend the courses, but in 1861 young women also gained access to folk high schools when teaching began being offered from May to July. The men still only attended during winter. The breakthrough for the idea was the Second War of Schleswig in 1864 when Denmark had to surrender
2385-721: The school was delayed by World War I . The first Polish folk high school was eventually established in 1921 in Dalki after the restoration of independent Poland. The second folk high school was founded in 1924 in Szyce near Kraków , and many more were founded in the interbellum and after World War II . As of May 1948, there were 63 folk high schools in Poland. A Universidad popular means any competent educational institution such as those established by municipalities, interest groups, charitable associations and social organizations to promote
2438-435: The way they are run today. The folk high school of today is engaged in a complex modern reality and influenced both by national, international and global questions. One of the main concepts still to be found at the folk high schools today is " lifelong learning ". The schools should educate for life. They should shed light on basic questions surrounding life of people both as individuals and as members of society. To Grundtvig
2491-412: Was $ 31,196, and the median income for a family was $ 37,841. Males had a median income of $ 30,592 versus $ 17,981 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 17,451. About 3.8% of families and 6.1% of the population were below the poverty line , including 5.0% of those under age 18 and 14.0% of those age 65 or over. On August 21, 1918, 36 people died when a large tornado tore through Tyler. It
2544-413: Was also inspired by the Danish folk high school movement, as can be read in his autobiography The Long Haul . A contemporary wave of folk school founding in the United States began in the late 1990s and earlier 2000s. At the beginning of the 1990s, there were only twelve active folk schools. Historically in the United States, only one to two such organizations were founded each decade; however, during
2597-579: Was established in 1844 in Rødding , Denmark. The school in Rødding, however, was somewhat aristocratic as chiefly civil servants and rich farmers were enrolled. Another pioneer for the folk high school was the teacher Christen Kold . His, for that time, highly unorthodox way of teaching gave the folk high schools a broader democratic basis in comparison to the initial religious focus. The teaching took place from November to March because students did farm work
2650-816: Was founded in Rødding , Denmark , in 1844. It began on the initiative of Christen Kold , who was a follower of Grundtvig . The school was inspired by the need to educate those not fortunate enough to have an education and the poor, or peasantry , who could not spare the time or the money to attend a university. Among the other old folk high schools in Denmark are Testrup Folk High School (founded 1866), Askov Højskole (founded 1865) and Ry Højskole (founded 1892) in Jutland ; Vallekilde Folk High School in Zealand (founded 1865), and Rødkilde Højskole on Møn (founded 1866). The International People's College in Helsingør
2703-451: Was founded in 1864. As of 2012, there were 77 folk high schools spread across the country, thirty of which were Christian schools. Folk high schools provide opportunities in general education, primarily for young adults. These schools are different from lower secondary schools, upper secondary schools, and higher education. All students are eligible for normal financial aid. Some folk high schools are connected to some sort of organization, but
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#17327918622322756-459: Was the fourth most deadly tornado in Minnesota history. On July 1, 2011, a tornado went through Tyler and no deaths or injuries resulted from the tornado. A few homes were considerably damaged. Aebleskiver Days is a yearly town celebration, held on the fourth weekend of July. The event is named after æbleskiver , a spherical pancake-like food originating from Denmark . On Saturday evening,
2809-400: Was to give the peasantry and other people from the lower echelons of society a higher educational level through personal development; what Grundtvig called "the living word". The language and history of the fatherland, its constitution and main industries (farming) along with folk songs should be the guiding principles for an education based on a Christian framework. The first folk high school
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