Coro is the capital of Falcón State and the second oldest city in Venezuela (after Cumaná ). It was founded on July 26, 1527, by Juan de Ampíes as Santa Ana de Coro . It was historically known as Neu- Augsburg (from 1528 to 1546) by the German Welsers , and Coro by the Spanish colonizers and Venezuelans, the city and buildings were built during the Spanish Empire. It is established at the south of the Paraguaná Peninsula in a coastal plain, flanked by the Médanos de Coro National Park to the north and the Sierra de Coro to the south, at a few kilometers from its port ( La Vela de Coro ) in the Caribbean Sea at a point equidistant between the Ensenada de La Vela and Golfete de Coro.
66-731: Manaure was the name of an indigenous chief or Cacique in Coro (Venezuela) (Venezuela) it may also refer to: Manaure, Cesar a town and municipality in Colombia Manaure, La Guajira a town and municipality in Colombia Manaure River a river in Colombia flowing through Manaure, Cesar [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with
132-467: A hot semi-arid climate ( Köppen : BSh ) despite receiving an average of approximately 452 millimetres or 18 inches of rainfall per year over 50.1 precipitation days. Humidity remains at a similar level year-round. The highest rainfall occurs between October and December, while March is the driest month. The average temperature is 28.9 °C (84.0 °F), with minimum temperatures of 23 °C (73 °F) and maximum 36 °C (96.8 °F). The city
198-680: A bulwark of the Spanish Empire to land on its coasts the troops that end up destroying the First Republic of Venezuela . In 1821, finally the Coro Province incorporates to the process of independence, with the capture of the city by the troops led by the heroine Josefa Camejo and a group of patriots who came a long time plotting. By the time the General Rafael Urdaneta invades from Maracaibo commanding
264-543: A colonization scheme and sent Ehinger as governor to Santa Ana de Coro ( German : Neu-Augsburg ), the capital of the Province of Venezuela . Ehinger left Seville on 7 October 1528 with the Spaniard García de Lerma and 281 settlers. At Santo Domingo , de Lerma with 50 companions left for Santa Marta, to reestablish Spanish control following the murder of the governor there. Ehinger and the remainder headed for
330-816: A variety of museums with a broad representation of Catholic iconography or national historical value, so it is called "la ciudad museo". For these reasons it is declared, along with its nearby port of La Vela de Coro , a World Heritage Site on December 9, 1993, by Unesco in meeting held in the Colombian city of Cartagena de Indias . Since 2005 Coro has been officially listed as an "endangered" World Heritage Site (see List of World Heritage in Danger ). Climate change in Venezuela, in particular heavy rains, have caused significant damage to its rich architecture. Coro's traditional buildings were built with techniques based on
396-761: A wide cultural tradition that comes from being the urban settlement founded by the Spanish conquerors who colonized the interior of the continent. As Neu-Augsburg , it was the first German colony in the Americas under the Welser family of Augsburg (from 1528 to 1546). It was then the first capital of the Spanish Captaincy General of Venezuela (1546-1578) and head of the first bishop founded in South America in 1531. The precursor movement of
462-594: A wooden balcony on the second floor. It was built in the 18th century as residence to the Colina Peredo family and takes its name from the family that occupied it since the mid-19th century and which was donated to the nation. It houses the People Earthenware Museum . Also known as Balcón de los Senior . It served as military headquarters of the patriot forces during the War of Independence . It
528-479: A wrought iron structure that was imported from Andalusia . This religious complex consists in a church with three naves and an annex building that was a Franciscan monastery, which now houses the Diocesan Museum "Lucas Guillermo Castillo " . It begins to build in the 16th century and was destroyed by pirates in 1620. Its neo-Gothic tower is of more recent construction stands over 50 meters, which makes it
594-675: Is 30 kilometres (19 mi) to the south, with a number of attractions including birdwatching and nature observation; Cerro Galicia, the highest hill in the district; the Hueque resurgence cave and associated waterfalls; the Acarite river cave; and the 305 metres (1,001 ft) deep Haitón del Guarataro , the deepest limestone cave in Venezuela. The economy in Coro is highly dependent on state government expenditure. Retail commercial activity, civil construction, tourism and professional services are
660-492: Is also the capital of Miranda municipality, to which are added the municipal agencies. The governor and the municipality is currently led by supporters of President Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías in a Venezuela's political map is also mostly covered by governors and mayors Chávez trend (MVR). However, in the December 2007 elections, the referendum on constitutional reform proposal, this party and political groups who accompanied him at
726-428: Is one of the first colonial cities, was founded in 1527, and its colonial architecture prevails until today. Over 600 buildings have been appointed in Coro as heritage. The historic centre remains characteristics typical of a city of the 18th and 19th centuries, with cobbled stone streets and colonial buildings. This is an important colonial city resort and the largest complex of colonial temples in Venezuela. It contains
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#1732775890263792-636: Is said that the Liberator Simón Bolívar stayed there on December 23, 1826, and from the balcony greeted the patriots who gathered outside to greet him. It houses the Coro Art Museum . It is said that St. Clement's Cross marks the spot where the first mass officiate at South America . It is sheltered by a pavilion erected ordered the Marshal Juan Crisóstomo Falcón during his presidential tenure. It
858-476: Is sunny, averaging over 3100 hours of sunshine a year, with January being the sunniest month. It is characterized by strong winds that can register speeds of 35 kilometres per hour (22 mph; 19 kn). On 29 April 2015, Coro recorded a temperature of 43.6 °C (110.5 °F), which is the highest temperature to have ever been recorded in Venezuela. Coro has never recorded a temperature below 18.9 °C (66.0 °F). Because of its status as capital of
924-510: Is the image of the Virgin of Guadalupe of Carrizal, which according to legend, was rescued in 1723, by Native Americans of the region, of the corian beaches when a vessel sank near the coast of the people. The Natives were shocked to see the perfection of its forms. It is one of Venezuela's oldest houses, its construction dates from the 17th century. Its name comes from the sun located above its door, symbolizing God. Which would be located outside
990-607: Is the oldest Jewish cemetery in South America. Its origin goes back to the 19th century when the Sephardic Jewish colony of the Dutch island of Curaçao began migrating to the city in 1824. This cemetery is beginning to build in 1832 by Joseph Curiel , who buy land in the vicinity of the town to bury his baby daughter Hana. On this are wonderful mausoleums that reflect the spirit of ancient times. In this sanctuary
1056-516: The Andes and entered the lands of the Chibcha . The Muisca were an advanced culture whose realm had already been partially conquered by Jiménez de Quesada out of Santa Marta , under orders from Pedro Fernández de Lugo . After marching together for about 200 miles, Speyer and Federmann divided into two parties, agreeing to meet afterward. Speyer experienced great hardships from hostile Indians, and
1122-630: The Cesar River , and finally to the Zapatosa marsh . There the expedition rested about three months, then it continued south, where they met fierce resistance from the indigenous tribes, so they turned east, along the Lebrija River . During this expedition they were forced to eat their horses and dogs, and lost most of their Indian allies, many dying from the cold as they crossed the mountains. As they made their way home, they were attacked by
1188-560: The Chitareros on May 27, 1533. Ehinger and Captain Estéban Martín fled into a low-lying ravine, where they were pinned down by Indians shooting arrows. Ehinger received a poisoned arrow in the neck. Despite the attentions of Augustine father Vicente de Requejada, Ehinger died on May 31, 1533, and was buried under a tree. The expedition returned without him to Coro. Returning to Europe after Ehinger's death, Georg von Speyer
1254-584: The Coquivacoa . After winning a series of bloody battles, he founded the settlement at Maracaibo on 8 September 1529. Ehinger named the city New Nuremberg ( German : Neu-Nürnberg ) and the lake after the valiant chieftain Mara of the Coquivacoa, who had died in the fighting. The city was renamed Maracaibo after the Spanish took possession. Ehinger came down with malaria and decided to recuperate in
1320-657: The Paraguaná Peninsula and the changes in Venezuela following the passage of a rural to an urban and oil country. Since the early 50s Coro was declared a National Heritage. Coro is located at north of the Coro region , transition between the Venezuelan Coastal Range and the Cordillera de Mérida . Located on a coastal plain of xerophyte vegetation (19 msn) covering the entire western Falcón state and reaches its narrowest point just in
1386-555: The Province of Venezuela in return for debts owed by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V , who was also King of Spain. In 1528, Charles V issued a charter by which the House of Welser possessed the rights to explore, rule and colonize the area, also with the motivation of searching for the legendary golden city of El Dorado . The venture was led at first by Ambrosius Ehinger , who founded Maracaibo in 1529. After
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#17327758902631452-553: The Royal Audiencia of Santo Domingo to preserve order in Venezuela. As the years had gone by with no news of Hutten and his followers, Carvajal had founded El Tocuyo with settlers of Coro and begun to feel secure in his position, and the return of the German adventurers was not welcome to him. When he saw how diminished they were in number, he thought to force from them an acknowledgment of his authority. In this, however, he
1518-629: The lieutenant governor of Coro Don Francisco Campuzano Polanco as his residence and bought on 1847 by Mr. David Abraham Senior, a sephardic trader from Curaçao who built there the Coro Synagogue , one of the oldest synagogues in Latin America . Currently, the synagogue is part of the Alberto Henríquez Museum of Art , which belongs to Universidad Francisco de Miranda . Great two-story building and topped with
1584-623: The tricolor , eventually adopted as the flag of Gran Colombia . It is now the basis for the official flag of three American republics, Colombia , Venezuela and Ecuador . The port of La Vela de Coro was where it was raised for the first time in Venezuela. During the beginning of the Venezuelan War of Independence , Coro, Maracaibo and Guiana did not comply with the provisions of the Junta Suprema de Caracas on April 19, 1810, remaining loyal to Spanish rule. Subsequently, formed
1650-602: The Grancolombian army, and the city had been released a few days earlier for the Coro army commanded by Camejo. The War of Independence and later the civil wars of the 19th century (including the Federal War that began in Coro) leaving the city deserted and destroyed its field, which plunged her into a period of decline that would recover the half- well into the 20th century with the construction of oil refineries in
1716-611: The National Assembly Coro and the rest of the municipalities of Falcón and the Miranda municipality formed the circuit number 3 of the state. For the ruling party PSUV 's bid was for retired Gen. Melvin Lopez Hidalgo, while the table of democratic unity MUD was for Gregorio Graterol, former candidate for governor of the state. With more than 52% of the vote, the opposition candidate for MUD Gregorio Graterol wins
1782-612: The Spanish Empire in America . The city is in its early days a "beachhead" or outpost of the Spanish during the conquest and colonization in the western and central Venezuela. From them left the expeditions of exploration and founding of new towns. Santa Ana de Coro lost the political capital of the Venezuela Province (also known as the Coro Province in official documents of the time) in 1578 to Caracas , motivated by repeated invasions of pirates ( Preston Somers Expedition
1848-466: The Venezuelan coast and landed on 24 February 1529 at Santa Ana de Coro. Almost immediately Ehinger replaced his Welser-appointed Spanish deputy González de Leyva with Nicolaus Federmann . From Coro, he explored the interior in search of the legendary golden city of El Dorado . In August 1529 Ehinger made his first expedition to Lake Maracaibo which was bitterly opposed by the indigenous people,
1914-462: The city for a long period. It is located west of the historic centre and was built in 1741, for a lady of the Spanish elite, which, according to a promise, she vowed to build a temple on behalf of Saint Nicholas of Bari. It is the monument to Marshal Juan Crisóstomo Falcón , a Corian leader during the Federal War and was also President of the Republic from 1863 to 1868. Traveling one hour north,
1980-550: The city of Barcelona, Anzoátegui ). From Coro emerged multiple expeditions to the Venezuelan and Colombian Llanos , the Andes and the Orinoco River in search of El Dorado , which allowed the conquerors to explore these vast territories. The government of the Welsers ends in 1545 for breach of contract and conflict of interests between them and the Spanish conquistadors who explored the territory from other focal points of
2046-505: The city to the port of La Vela de Coro. The colonial town, a World Heritage Site, preserves a typical urban landscape of the 18th and 19th centuries, with its cobbled streets and hundreds of historic and traditional buildings. Some architectures reflects a Mudéjar style, while others reflect the cultural influence of the Netherlands through the colony of Curaçao. In the city there are interesting Catholic and secular buildings, that were
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2112-619: The city, closing a few miles east of Coro by foothills of the Sierra de Falcón . To the north lies the Médanos Isthmus , named for it found in a formation of dunes or sand fields that have been formed by persistent trade winds and ocean currents. The isthmus connects the Paraguaná Peninsula with the mainland. at south of the city are the foothills of the Sierra de Falcón. Due to its extremely high potential evapotranspiration , Coro has
2178-491: The colony German miners, and 4,000 African slaves as labor to work sugar cane plantations. Many of the German colonists died of tropical diseases or were attacked and killed during frequent journeys deep into native territory in search of gold. Bartholomeus V. Welser was the head of the banking firm of Welser brothers, who claimed descent from the Byzantine general Belisarius . They possessed great riches, and Bartholomeus
2244-403: The company of Nikolaus Federmann and then with Philipp von Hutten . Against advice, Speyer had appointed Federmann his lieutenant. Accompanied by 450 regular troops and 1,500 friendly Indians, they set out on a journey of exploration to the interior. Leaving from the town of Rio de Hacha , they followed the eastern flank of the cordillera following the existing salt trade route where it crossed
2310-412: The construction of a new monument, beach walkways and a gateway to the city in the port of La Vela de Coro: these could have a considerable impact on the value of the site. In 2018 it was noted that while information provided by the "State Party" (i.e. Venezuela) demonstrated satisfactory advances in the implementation of many corrective measures, further information and actions were needed to ensure that
2376-478: The deaths of Ehinger (1533) and then his successor Georg von Speyer (1540), Philipp von Hutten continued exploration in the interior, and in his absence from the capital of the province, the crown of Spain claimed the right to appoint the governor. On Hutten's return to the capital, Santa Ana de Coro , in 1546, the Spanish governor Juan de Carvajal had von Hutten and Bartholomeus VI. Welser executed. King Charles V revoked Welser's charter. Welser transported to
2442-479: The forerunner in the independence process would end in defeat, the capture and killing of rebel leader. In 1806 an expedition landed in the port of La Vela de Coro led by Francisco de Miranda . It was intended to be liberating, but was not greeted with enthusiasm by the locals. The expedition is still important as the precursor of the Spanish American wars of independence and in particular for bringing
2508-524: The form of a cross in Venezuela. Mansion built in 1770 by the Talavera family, and on this was born Bishop Mariano de Talavera, which famous corian that supported the cause of independence. The origin of its name is from the legend that in its land would be buried a treasure that has not yet been located. Alberto Henríquez Museum of Art The house built was built in the first half of the XVIII century by
2574-516: The highest of all assets. In 1985 the Lucas Guillermo Castillo Museum managed to acquire a place called La Casa Manzano Campuzano or Casa de los Capriles next to the convent. It has its origins in a church commanded to be built by the founder of the city Juan de Ampíes in the 16th century. It is a cruciform building where each end pointing towards a central point. It is one of the few examples of colonial architecture in
2640-530: The hope of discovering the riches of the El Dorado , of which the survivors of Ehinger's expedition, Federmann among them, had brought the first reports. They continued the march to the south, but, when the rainy season set in, the overflow of the rivers impeded progress, and the consequent fevers decimated their ranks. Speyer persevered for a long time in his search for the El Dorado, until at last his progress
2706-586: The house of the Welsers and first Governor of the Province of Venezuela) restructures the layout of the streets based on the original layout of the founding of the city. With its earthen constructions unique in the Caribbean, Coro is the surviving example of the rich fusion of indigenous traditions with the Spanish Mudéjar architectural techniques and irregular shape of German Welser architecture. It
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2772-519: The independence and of vindication of the dominated classes in Venezuela originated in this region; it is also considered to be the cradle of the Venezuelan federalist movement in the republican era. Thanks to the city's history, culture and its well-preserved Colonial architecture, "Coro and its port La Vela" was designated in 1993 as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO . Since 2005 it is on the UNESCO's List of World Heritage in Danger . At its founding
2838-468: The key issues previously identified as affecting the property have been adequately addressed. From its historic colonial architecture to its diverse landscapes, Coro provides various forms of tourist attraction. In the extreme northeast of the city are the Médanos de Coro National Park, large dunes that are the only desert in Venezuela. They are located along the road that runs between the colonial area of
2904-498: The landing at the city's first Governor and Captain General Ambrosius Ehinger representing the Welser , an Augsburg banking and trading family. The family received the Province of Venezuela (as Klein-Venedig ) from the emperor Charles V for exploration, founding cities and exploitation of the resources of this vast territory that stretched from Cabo de la Vela ( Guajira Peninsula ) to Maracapana (near
2970-506: The late 18th and early 19th century reaches its colonial peak. Precisely from this period are the best preserved civilian buildings in the city. In 1795 a slave uprising occurs, and generally dominated social classes in the Sierra de Coro, led by the free zambo José Leonardo Chirino , which was aimed at the elimination of slavery and the establishment of the republican regime known for the time as "the French law". The movement, which would be
3036-443: The mud, like adobe and wattle , which gives it a unique personality. Equally characteristic has a certain pattern that combines traditional Spanish checkerboard layout with an irregular shape typical of medieval German cities, product of the period in which the city was the seat of the domain of Welser . In the central town, some streets end abruptly, breaking the regularity of the Spanish checkerboard. Ambrosius Alfinger (German of
3102-553: The principal activities of the city economy. Klein-Venedig Klein-Venedig ( German for 'Little Venice ') or Welserland ( German pronunciation: [ˈvɛlzɐlant] ) was the most significant territory of the German colonization of the Americas , from 1528 to 1546, in which the Welser banking and patrician family of the Free Imperial Cities of Augsburg and Nuremberg obtained colonial rights in
3168-523: The relatively civilized comforts of Hispaniola , so he handed temporary authority over to Federmann on July 30, 1530. Upon his return, Ehinger, with 40 horses and 130 foot soldiers and an uncounted number of allied Indians, set off from Coro on September 1, 1531 on his second expedition to the alleged gold country to the west. They crossed the Oca and Valledupar mountains of the Serranía del Perijá , moved along
3234-460: The same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manaure&oldid=947873422 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Coro (Venezuela) It has
3300-514: The scene of numerous events of historic significance, since the early republican period. Probably the architectural influences of Coro are unique. Among the buildings and places of interest highlights include: Since the creation of the Diocese of Coro by the papal bull of July 21, 1531, it directed the building of the Cathedral of St. Anne, one of the temples of Coro, and in 1567 the cathedral
3366-599: The search in the interior. After several years of wandering, harassed by the natives and weakened by hunger and fevers, he and his followers came on a large city, the capital of the Omaguas , in the country north of the Amazons, where they were routed by the Indians, and Hutten was severely wounded. He led those of his followers who survived back to Coro, in 1546, to find that a Spaniard, Juan de Carvajal , had been appointed by
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#17327758902633432-477: The seat on the circuit assembly, representing the fourth consecutive defeat of Chavismo in the city (the 2007 reform, the government in 2008, amendment in 2009 and parliamentary elections in 2010) The city has inherited a monumental architecture of the colonial and republican times features typical of the Andalusian architecture (southern Spain), with materials and techniques used by Native Americans based in
3498-409: The soldiers, unaccustomed to march under a burning sun, mutinied several times. When at last they reached the appointed place of meeting without finding any trace of Federmann, the soldiers were discouraged. Federmann crossed the Andes to Bogotá , where he and Sebastián de Belalcázar contested Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada 's claims to that province. Without Federmann, Speyer animated his troops with
3564-646: The state, Coro is the urban center around which political life of Falcón . It is the political and administrative capital, where is the seat of state government, among others, the Regional Council Legislature, the Governor, the courts and the seat (rector) of the Universidad Nacional Experimental Francisco de Miranda, as well as, the vast majority of representations of national government bodies. It
3630-536: The time, were the first defeat after eight years of successive electoral successes. Coro margin than in the rejection of the reform ("NO") was 57.08%. In relation to the regional elections of November 2008 the Mayor was obtained by the ruling party (PSUV), although in the city its candidate for governor of the state got fewer votes, when the city was characterized by votes ruling party. In the September 2010 elections to
3696-446: The tourist will find world-famous beaches for windsurfing in the Paraguaná Peninsula . One hour south, "La Sierra de Coro" presents small towns with a more temperate climate and views of the city. On clear days, visitors will be able to see the médanos (dunes) and behind them the Paraguaná Peninsula with its Cerro Santa Ana. Driving west, tourists can also visit Urumaco , an important fossil site. The Sierra de San Luis National Park
3762-431: The town was called Santa Ana de Coro (there is now an unsuccessful campaign to reinstate the colonial name of the city) in the Spanish style that named new cities in America according to the Catholic calendar, accompanied by a name of Indian origin. According to the tradition the word coro derives from the Caquetio word curiana , meaning "place of winds". However, according to the authoritative DRAE Spanish dictionary,
3828-472: The use of earth (adobe, and earth reinforced with a plant structure in a technique called "bahareque"). Many of these buildings are vulnerable to heavy rains, as in its natural state earth is a material of low resistance to moisture. As well as the damage from rains between November 2004 and February 2005, the built environment had, according to UNESCO, been adversely affected by the construction of inappropriate walls and fences. There has also been concern about
3894-399: The word coro in its second meaning means "wind of the northwest", and comes from the Latin caurus . The city was founded on July 26, 1527, by Juan Martín de Ampués , with the name of Santa Ana de Coro. Ampíes covenanted to respect the authority of the Native chief Manaure highest authority of the natives of the region, the Caquetio people , This covenant is broken abruptly in 1529 with
3960-458: Was among the young fortune seekers solicited by the Welsers to colonize New Granada in 1534. Speyer obtained from Charles V the appointment of governor of Venezuela, despite the claims of Nikolaus Federmann , who had been Ehinger's lieutenant. He armed a new expedition in Spain and the Canary Islands, and on 22 February 1534, landed at Coro. Between 1535 and 1538, he searched in southwestern Venezuela and northern Colombia for " El Dorado ", in
4026-436: Was arrested by a mighty river, probably the Orinoco , or its confluent, the Apure , and early in 1539 he returned to Coro empty-handed with only 80 ragged and sickly men out of the host he had led forth more than four years before. Because of ill health, von Speyer resigned as governor in 1539, and he died in June 1540. In December 1540 Philipp von Hutten became governor (captain-general) of Venezuela. Hutten then continued
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#17327758902634092-497: Was created a prince of the Empire and made privy councillor to the Emperor Charles V , to whom he lent large sums. For the repayment of these debts the Emperor (also King of Spain ) granted, in 1527, the newly discovered Province of Venezuela . The Welser were obligated to conquer the country at their own expenses, enlist only Spanish and Flemish troops, fit out two expeditions of four vessels, and build two cities and three forts within two years after taking possession. As Venezuela
4158-440: Was one) and especially to the harshness of its climate. Finally it was no longer the seat of the bishopric in 1636. During the seventeenth century Coro was hit by a hurricane and invasions of pirates, to the point where it appeared in the charts of English and French of the time with the title of "destroyed." However, these calamities left intact the countryside, with its productive power, which allowed it to recover slowly. Thus, in
4224-437: Was reputed to contain gold mines, he later obtained permission to send out 150 German miners. Heinrich Ehinger and Hieronymus Sailer , either independently or as agents of the House of Welser, negotiated the rights. In accordance with his contract, Welser armed a fleet, which sailed from Sanlúcar de Barrameda early in 1528, under the command of Ambrosius Ehinger , whom he appointed captain general . The House of Welser set up
4290-422: Was sacked by the Corsair Francis Drake . The current structure dates from 1583 and was completed by the end of the 17th century, making it the oldest Catholic church in Tierra Firma . Magnificent mansion built in the 17th century by Don José Francisco Garcés de la Colina . This is a house that has a portal that rises to more than eight feet (2.4 m) high, and so named because of the large windows protected by
4356-456: Was unsuccessful, and a subsequent attempt to seize them was well-nigh disastrous to himself, for he was wounded by a traveling companion of Hutten's, Bartholomeus VI. Welser (the younger). Carvajal was forced to pledge the Germans safe passage to Coro on the coast. In their journey to the coast, the adventurers took no precautions against attack, and were easily captured by Carvajal in April 1546, who, after keeping Hutten and Welser in chains for
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