Marcel Paul Pagnol ( / p ə ˈ n j ɒ l , p æ -/ , also US : / p ɑː ˈ n j ɔː l / pah- NYAWL ; French: [maʁsɛl pɔl paɲɔl] ; 28 February 1895 – 18 April 1974) was a French novelist , playwright , and filmmaker . Regarded as an auteur , in 1946, he became the first filmmaker elected to the Académie française . Pagnol is generally regarded as one of France's greatest 20th-century writers and is notable for the fact that he excelled in almost every medium— memoir , novel, drama and film.
46-575: Pagnol was born on 28 February 1895 in Aubagne , Bouches-du-Rhône department, in southern France near Marseille , the eldest son of schoolteacher Joseph Pagnol and seamstress Augustine Lansot. He was secretly baptised at the Église Saint-Charles in Marseilles. Marcel Pagnol grew up in Marseille with his younger brothers Paul and René, and younger sister Germaine. In July 1904, the family rented
92-589: A lycée in Marseille. In 1922, he moved to Paris , where he taught English until 1927, when he decided instead to devote his life to playwriting. During this time, he belonged to a group of young writers, in collaboration with one of whom, Paul Nivoix , he wrote the play, Merchants of Glory , which was produced in 1924. This was followed, in 1928, by Topaze , a satire based on ambition. Exiled in Paris, he returned nostalgically to his Provençal roots, taking this as his setting for his play Marius , which later became
138-697: A Vichy propaganda film series, to be processed at his laboratories in Marseille, and distributing a propaganda short about the attack on Mers-el-Kébir . Pagnol defended himself as the Germans banned The Well-Digger's Daughter in 1941 and only unbanned it after the Pétain scene was removed and that the Vichy government seized his studios, personnel, and distribution services. All charges against him were dismissed on 3 February 1947. Pagnol died in Paris on 18 April 1974. He
184-594: A recycling program, encouraging energy conservation and energy demand management, launching awareness campaigns in schools to promote sustainable development and eco-citizenship, and giving incentives for purchasing solar panels. More than 4,000 individual bins and 15,000 recycling bags are available to residents. The city of Aubagne conducts its environmental, social, and economic policies in collaboration with neighbouring communities to help enhance sustainable development and improve living conditions. Communal transport : Since 15 May 2009 municipal buses have been free and
230-586: A scheme which was subsequently extended to the tramway following its opening. This makes the Aubagne tramway the first in the world to be completely free for all users (the Tallinn network, by contrast, is only free for city residents). The death of Queen Joanna I of Naples began a conflict of succession as to who would become the head of the County of Provence . The Union of Aix , a confederation of cities in
276-416: A screening of one of the first talking films and he was so impressed that he decided to devote his efforts to cinema. He contacted Paramount Picture studios and suggested adapting his play Marius for cinema. The film was directed by Alexander Korda and released on 10 October 1931. It became one of the first successful French-language talking films. In 1932, Pagnol founded his own film production studios in
322-568: A significant portion of the population supports centre, right-of-centre, or even far-right political positions. In the second round of elections in 1988, both a representative of the French Communist Party (Parti communiste), Jean Tardito, and a representative of the far-right National Front party (Front National), Joëlle Melin, were elected. Edmond Garcin, of the Communist party, was elected mayor from 1965 to 1987. In 2001,
368-710: Is a series of autobiographical novels by French filmmaker and académicien , Marcel Pagnol (1895–1974). Souvenirs d'enfance comprises four volumes covering the years from his birth in 1895 to about 1910, which were spent in Marseille , with family summer holidays in La Treille , about ten kilometres (six miles) away. The four volumes in order are La Gloire de mon père ("My Father's Glory"); Le Château de ma mère ("My Mother's Castle"); Le Temps des secrets ("The Time of Secrets"); and Le Temps des amours ("The Time of Love"). The first two were published in 1957,
414-1083: Is buried in Marseille at the cemetery La Treille , along with his mother, father, brothers, and wife. His boyhood friend, David Magnan ( Lili des Bellons in the autobiographies), who died at the Second Battle of the Marne in July 1918, is buried nearby. Pagnol was also known for his translations of Shakespeare (from English) and Virgil (from Latin ): Pagnol's Hamlet is still performed in France, although some have criticized his portrayal of Hamlet as somewhat effeminate. In 1986, Jean de Florette and Manon des Sources were adapted by filmmaker Claude Berri . In 1990, La Gloire de mon père and Le château de ma mère , Pagnol's affectionate reminiscences of childhood, were filmed by Yves Robert . In 2000, Jacques Nahum produced Marius , Fanny , and César for French television. In 2011, La Fille du puisatier
460-433: Is not common for a city of its size. Construction started in 2012 and the first phase opened on 1 September 2014, with service provided by eight Alstom Citadis Compact trams. An eastern extension of this line to Les Paluds, as well as a second line to La Penne-sur-Huveaune in the west, has been planned, with a long-term project to link the network to the Marseille tramway . In 2009, Aubagne made bus travel zero-fare ,
506-585: Is one of the most indebted cities in France. According to the latest report of the Court of Auditors of PACA (July 2013), the debt amounts to 157.6 million euros. According to a ranking published by Le Journal du Net , Aubagne would place 3rd for debt per head of 3,685 Euros per capita - about 5 times the national average. Only Cannes and Levallois-Perret , much richer communes, are higher. The total indebtedness of 119.9 million euros in 2010 exploded in 2013 to reach EUR 157.6 million. The debt servicing payments have at
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#1732786759360552-483: The Bastide Neuve , – a house in the sleepy Provençal village of La Treille – for the summer holidays, the first of many spent in the hilly countryside between Aubagne and Marseille. About the same time, Augustine's health, which had never been robust, began to noticeably decline and on 16 June 1910 she succumbed to a chest infection ( "mal de poitrine" ) and died, aged 36. Joseph remarried in 1912. In 1913, at
598-741: The Mistralian norm ) is a commune in the southern French department of Bouches-du-Rhône . In 2020, the commune was awarded three flowers by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition of cities and villages in Bloom . Aubagne is located in the Huveaune Valley and surrounded by the mountain ranges of Garlaban with Sainte-Baume to the north and 17 km (11 mi) east of Marseille . Aubagne
644-809: The University of Provence , is also located in Aubagne. Since 1962 the Foreign Legion Command and the 1st Foreign Regiment of the Foreign Legion has had 800 men stationed at Aubagne. For the centenary of the Battle of Camarón on 30 April 1963 the war memorial, which had been placed in the Vienot barracks in Sidi Bel Abbès , was repatriated to Aubagne. This monument depicts a globe flanked by four legionnaires. The bronze statue
690-697: The Alcimé structure. Charles Villani passed the chairmanship to Jean Michel Descombes (General Delegate of the Young Filmmakers Festival of Saint-Jean-de-Luz) and, in 2002, the association went to the nearby commune of Gémenos to organize the RCG (Cinematographers Meetings in Gémenos). Gisèle Mezzina became the president of Aubagne Ciné Passion. Since 2007, the last year of the RCG, the association continues its activities with its circle of members. In
736-490: The City of Aubagne request 3 associations: Alphée (photos), Aubagne Ciné Passion (long films), Méridiens (short films) to merge to organize an international film festival. The association of Alcimé was then created, chaired by Charles Villani for its first year and its first festival called FIFA (International Film Festival of Aubagne) that endured. In 2001 differences of perspective caused the departure of Aubagne Ciné Passion from
782-647: The Civil Society, and the Democratic Movement joined together to form the Left Union list which was renamed the "rainbow". In 2014, the mayorship shifted as Gérard Gazay (UMP) was elected to the position of mayor after an alliance with Sylvia Barthelemy during the second round. List of successive mayors Agenda 21 sets the terms and conditions for sustainable development in Aubagne which includes providing free public transit , offering
828-471: The D41E which goes south to Cassis , and many other connecting roads within the commune. There are several smaller towns and villages in the commune apart from the main town: Les Arnauds, Les Grands Mellets, Pinchon, La Martelle, L'Agrie, La Coueste, La Thuiliere, and Font de Mai. A large proportion of the commune is urban with mountainous terrain to north and south The main railway from Marseille passes through
874-483: The Festival of Passions: Jean-Claude Carrière , John Malkovich , Christopher Lee , Lio , Jean-François Stévenin , Jacques Marin , Carmen Chaplin , Paul Vecchiali , Mathieu Demy , Julie Gayet , Benoît Magimel , Pierre Sullice, Olivier Austen, Luc Palun, Catherine Jacob , Marc de Jonge , Michel Voletti, Pomme Meffre, Yannick Bellon , Franck Fernandel ... and of course Ticky Holgado and Gérard Jugnot. In 2000
920-637: The Tramway of Aubagne will also be when it opens in 2014. This has reduced the commune's transportation-related ecological footprint : 15% more buses have been put into service, and bus usage has increased by 175%, with 35% of these users from modal shift . Compiègne and Châteauroux have done the same but with goals that are more socioeconomic: making the centre of town more dynamic, improving buying power, reducing isolation, etc. Its inhabitants are known as Aubagnais or Aubagnaises in French. Aubagne
966-578: The acute observation of social rituals. Using interchangeable symbols and recurring character roles, such as proud fathers and rebellious children, Pagnol illuminates the provincial life of the lower class. Notably, Pagnol also frequently compares women and land, showing both can be barren or fertile. Above all, Pagnol uses all this to illustrate the importance of human bonds and their renewal. In 1945, Pagnol remarried, to Jacqueline Bouvier (the actress Jacqueline Pagnol ). They had two children together, Frédéric (born 1946) and Estelle (born 1949). Estelle died at
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#17327867593601012-708: The age of 18, Marcel passed his baccalaureate in philosophy and started studying literature at the university in Aix-en-Provence . When World War I broke out, he was called up into the infantry at Nice but in January 1915 he was discharged because of his poor constitution ( "faiblesse de constitution'' ). On 2 March 1916, he married Simone Colin in Marseille and in November graduated in English. He became an English teacher, teaching in various local colleges and at
1058-497: The age of two. Pagnol was so devastated that he fled the south and returned to live in Paris. He went back to writing plays, but after his next piece was badly received he decided to change his job once more and began writing a series of autobiographical novels – Souvenirs d'enfance – based on his childhood experiences. In 1957, the first two novels in the series, La Gloire de mon père and Le château de ma mère were published to instant acclaim. The third Le Temps des secrets
1104-500: The big screen. His editing style is somberly reserved, placing emphasis on the content of an image. As a pictorial naturalist, Pagnol relies on film as art to convey a deeper meaning rather than solely as a tool to tell a story. Pagnol also took great care in the type of actors he employed, hiring local actors to appear in his films to highlight their unique accents and culture. Like his plays, Pagnol's films emphasize dialogue and musicality. The themes of many of Pagnol's films revolve around
1150-452: The city has not wanted to pursue the issue of its credit status. In 2009 Aubagne municipality renegotiated certain loans considered "toxic" which were based on risky products contracted with ABN AMRO bank (loans now owned by NatWest Group ). Risky loans have been converted to fixed-rate borrowings: less advantageous but less risky. The Court of Auditors in 2013 noted that these renegotiations resulted in additional financial burden borne by
1196-581: The commune of the order of 50 to 70 million Euros (19 million for the Dexia and Caisse d'Epargne loans and 25 to 43 million for the RBS loan). Investments in the commune are about half the average for French communes in the same stratum: approximately 13.3% of revenues against 31.4% according to the administrative accounts for the commune in 2012. Finally the Observatory of subsidies has repeatedly criticized
1242-607: The commune splitting into two lines - one going north-west and one going south with a station in the town. The river Huveaune flows through the commune from the east flowing west into the Mediterranean Sea at Prado beach in the 8th Arrondissement in Marseille. Aubagne was the first commune in France to be completely surrounded by autoroutes : the A50 autoroute Marseille-Toulon, the A52 autoroute to Aubagne-Aix-en-Provence, and
1288-538: The connecting motorway A501. Regional TER trains operated call at the Gare d'Aubagne railway station, linking the city with Marseille and Toulon. Local public transport in the city, operated under the Lignes de l'agglo brand, is provided by a network of buses and, since 2014, a single 2.8-kilometre (1.7-mile) tram line with seven stops between the railway station and Le Charrel. This project has been criticized, as it
1334-588: The countryside near Marseille. Over the next decade Pagnol produced his own films, taking many different roles in the production – financier, director, script writer, studio head, and foreign-language script translator – and employing the greatest French actors of the period. On 4 April 1946, Pagnol was elected to the Académie française , taking his seat in March 1947, the first filmmaker to receive this honour. In his films, Pagnol transfers his playwriting talents onto
1380-489: The fiefs of Brantes, Plaisians and their dependencies: the Lordships of Saint-Marcel, Roquefort , le Castellet , Cassis , and Port-Miou which were dependencies of the barony of Aubagne, as well as La Fare-les-Oliviers , and Éguilles . In return, Philippe de Lévis would be surety for Viscount Raymond of Turenne for the agreement between Odon de Villars, his wife Alix, and himself. If Odon and Alix failed to respect
1426-408: The first of his works to be adapted into a film in 1931. Separated from Simone Collin since 1926 (though not divorced until 1941), he formed a relationship with the young English dancer Kitty Murphy. Their son Jacques Pagnol was born on 24 September 1930. (Jacques later became his father's assistant and subsequently a cameraman for France 3 Marseille .) In 1929, on a visit to London, Pagnol attended
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1472-402: The management of the city of Aubagne, particularly for subsidies not related to the commune or representing a "waste of public money". The 2012 Administrative Accounts for the commune mentions a result of 662 euros per capita tax for Aubagne against 482 euros for the stratum of comparable communes - or higher taxes by 37%. Aubagne is part of the "Top 20" of towns who have increased their taxes
1518-485: The most in 2012. The city ranks 12th in France for the highest increases in taxes in 2012 according to the website Challenges.fr Aubagne is the birthplace of Marcel Pagnol , home to the University of Image and Sound (Satis department), 9 cinemas (Cinema Palace and Pagnol), and an International Film Festival. Aubagne is referred to frequently in the film Manon des Sources . The Aubagne Ciné Passion association
1564-658: The point of use since the year 2000. Access to the commune is by the A50 autoroute from Marseille which continues south to Toulon . The A501 and A52 autoroutes branch off the A50 in the commune and merge to go north to Aix-en-Provence . Numerous departmental roads go through the commune including: the D96 which goes north to Roquevaire , the D2 which goes east to Gémenos , the D8N which comes from Marseilles and goes south-east to Cuges-les-Pins ,
1610-605: The region of Provence, supported Charles, Duke of Durazzo , rather than Louis I, Duke of Anjou . By the spring of 1382 the Lord of Aubagne, François des Baux, supported the Duke of Anjou. This support was conditional upon the Duke helping to restore the queen to her throne. On 4 April 1402 in Brantes , at the foot of Mont Ventoux , and in the presence of his wife Alix des Baux , Odon de Villars bestowed upon his nephew Philippe de Lévis
1656-706: The resignation of Jean Tardito brought Daniel Fontaine ( PCF ) to the position of mayor. In 2008 there were 4 candidates in the first round of municipal elections: Daniel Fontaine for The United Left and a civil society, Sylvia Barthelemy for the UMP and the New Centre , Jean-Marie Orihuel for the Democratic Movement , and Joëlle Melin for the National Front . In the second round the United Left,
1702-510: The same time multiplied by 3.1 from 8.626 million euros to 26.933 million euros between 2010 and 2011. The listing for Aubagne by the French Fitch Ratings agency in 2010 was "BBB−": "We have downgraded the city of Aubagne due to a strong presence of structured products, along with a very low savings rate and high debt loads. The rating has changed from "A−" to "BBB−" - the lowest category for this investment type" Subsequently
1748-621: The summer of 2013, the city hosted a mobile Annex from the Centre Georges Pompidou as part of the Marseille-Provence 2013 events. Each year Aubagne has a series of regular and one-off events: Argilla, Festival of ceramics and a pottery market. There are also the Scientific Tuesdays of Aubagne There are 30 schools in Aubagne including: The SATIS department (Cinema/Audiovisual), attached to
1794-400: The terms of the agreement, they would have to pay 50,000 florins to the viscount. Azure, a Roman letter A of Or interlaced with a letter V the same, in chief 2 fleur-de-lis the same, in base a sea of Argent. Between 1965 and 2014, Aubagne has elected three Communist mayors: the municipal council is composed mainly of communist, socialist, and other left-leaning members. Still,
1840-400: The third in 1960, and the fourth, which was unfinished, was published posthumously in 1977. The first two were made into films, directed by Yves Robert . This article about a 1950s novel is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . See guidelines for writing about novels . Further suggestions might be found on the article's talk page . This article about a 1970s novel
1886-522: The title role, into two novels, Jean de Florette and Manon des Sources , collectively titled L'Eau des Collines . Pagnol appeared before a review committee of the Parisian Comite Regional Interprofessionnel d'Epuration on 27 November 1946 for three charges of collaboration. His charges were for adding Philippe Pétain 's armistice speech into The Well-Digger's Daughter , allowing La France en Marche ,
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1932-653: Was designed by sculptor Henri Pourquet. The weight of the monument is 80 tonnes. The French Foreign Legion Museum is located at Aubagne in the Viénot barracks: it commemorates all of the military campaigns of the Legion in history with displays showing the evolution of uniforms, weapons, and decorations until today. The crypt houses the wooden hand of Captain Jean Danjou . Souvenirs d%27enfance Souvenirs d'enfance ("Souvenirs of infancy", "Childhood memories")
1978-414: Was filmed by Daniel Auteuil . In 2013, Marius and Fanny were remade by Daniel Auteuil. In 2022, Le Temps Des Secrets was adapted and filmed by Christophe Barratier . On 28 February 2020 Google celebrated his 125th birthday with a Google Doodle . Aubagne Aubagne ( French: [obaɲ] ; Occitan : Aubanha according to the classic norm or Aubagno according to
2024-528: Was founded in late 1989 by Charles Villani at a time when cinema was in crisis. Rapidly bringing in many members, its activity was intense and from 1992 until 1999 it organized the 1st Festival of Passions sponsored by Ticky Holgado and Gérard Jugnot . Thereafter each year the Festival featuring long and short films takes place in October or November. Numerous directors, actors, screenwriters, and producers come to present their works in advance of their premier at
2070-467: Was published in 1959, the fourth Le Temps des Amours was to remain unfinished and was not published until 1977, after his death. In the meantime, Pagnol turned to a second series, L'Eau des Collines – Jean de Florette and Manon des Sources – which focused on the machinations of Provençal peasant life at the beginning of the twentieth century and were published in 1962. Pagnol adapted his own film Manon des Sources , with his wife Jacqueline in
2116-500: Was the main city of the former Agglomeration community of Pays d'Aubagne et de l'Étoile ; it has been part of the Aix-Marseille-Provence Metropolis since 2016. It is the sixth largest city of Bouches-du-Rhône by population. It is the main producer of Santon figurines and also hosts many cultural events each year. The Foreign Legion has its headquarters in Aubagne. Public transport has been free at
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