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61-460: MareNostrum runs SUSE Linux  11 SP3. It occupies 180  m² (less than half a basketball court). The supercomputer is used in human genome research , protein research, astrophysical simulations, weather forecasting , geological or geophysical modeling, and the design of new drugs . It was booted up for the first time on 12 April 2005, and is available to the national and international scientific community. Mare Nostrum ("our sea")

122-488: A foundation has been under consideration for some time. SUSE as the main sponsor exerts some influence, but the project is legally independent of SUSE. openSUSE is a " do-ocracy " in which those who do the work also decide what happens. This primarily the case with desktop and application development, as the sources of the base packages have been coming from SLE since the switch to the Leap development model. To further unify

183-484: A Linux-based distribution it develops tools like the Open Build Service and YaST . Collaboration is open to everyone. The openSUSE Project develops the openSUSE Linux distribution as well as a large number of tools around building Linux distributions like the Open Build Service , KIWI , YaST , openQA, Snapper, Portus, and more. The project annually hosts free software events . The community's conference

244-518: A block featuring emerging technologies. The general-purpose block has 48 racks with 3,456 Lenovo ThinkSystem SD530 compute nodes. Each node has two Intel Xeon Platinum chips, each with 24 processors, amounting to a total of 165,888 processors and main memory of 390  terabytes. Its peak performance is 11.15  petaflops. While its performance is 10 times greater than its predecessor, MareNostrum 3, its electricity consumption only increased by 30% to 1.3 MW. The block of emerging technologies

305-609: A certain package, and the ISO offers several preselected sets of packages). The initial stable release from the openSUSE Project, SUSE Linux 10.0, was available for download just before the retail release of SUSE Linux 10.0. In addition, Novell discontinued the Personal version, renaming the Professional version to simply "SUSE Linux," and repricing "SUSE Linux" to about the same as the old Personal version. In 2006, with version 10.2,

366-432: A community-based Linux distribution called OpenSuSE goes back to a mail of 3 August 2005, in which at the same time the launch of the website opensuse.org was announced. This page was available a few days later. One day later the launch of the community project was officially announced. According to its own understanding, openSUSE is a community that propagates the use of Linux and free software wherever possible. Beside

427-489: A double-wide blade. Modules based on Cell processors from IBM . Features: Features: Features: Themis computer announced a blade around 2008. It ran the Sun Solaris operating system from Sun Microsystems . Each module had one UltraSPARC T2 with 64 threads at 1.2  GHz and up to 32 GB of DDR2 SDRAM processor memory. Developed in conjunction with CloudShield, features: The BladeCenter can have

488-525: A front-end to NetworkManager and Kickoff – a new K menu for KDE Plasma Desktop. IBM BladeCenter The IBM BladeCenter was IBM 's blade server architecture, until it was replaced by Flex System in 2012. The x86 division was later sold to Lenovo in 2014. Introduced in 2002, based on engineering work started in 1999, the IBM eServer BladeCenter was relatively late to the blade server market. It differed from prior offerings in that it offered

549-603: A large target group for workstations and servers . Additionally, the project creates a variety of related tools, such as YaST , Open Build Service , openQA, Snapper, Portus, KIWI , and OSEM. In the past, the SUSE Linux company has focused on releasing the SUSE Linux Personal and SUSE Linux Professional box sets which included extensive printed documentation that was available for sale in retail stores. The company's ability to sell an open-source product

610-543: A package. This means that only the changes between the installed package and the new one, are downloaded. This reduces bandwidth consumption and update time, which is especially important on slow Internet connections. SUSE was a leading contributor to the KDE project for many years. SUSE's contributions in this area have been very wide-ranging, and affecting many parts of KDE such as kdelibs and KDEBase , Kontact , and kdenetwork. Other notable projects include: KNetworkManager –

671-555: A range of architectures e.g. using VirtualBox, VMWare, or Hyper-V. openSUSE Leap currently supports: aarch64, ppc64le, s390x, x86_64. SUSE includes an installation and administration program called YaST ("Yet another Setup Tool") which handles hard disk partitioning, system setup, RPM package management, online updates, network, and firewall configuration, user administration and more in an integrated interface. By 2010, many more YaST modules were added, including one for Bluetooth support. It also controls all software applications. SaX2

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732-499: A range of x86 Intel server processors and input/output (I/O) options. The naming was changed to IBM BladeCenter in 2005. In February 2006, IBM introduced the BladeCenter H with switch capabilities for 10 Gigabit Ethernet and InfiniBand 4X. A web site called Blade.org was available for the blade computing community through about 2009. In 2012, the replacement Flex System was introduced. The original IBM BladeCenter

793-399: A stable release distribution which is sourced from SUSE Linux Enterprise . The openSUSE project is sponsored by SUSE of Germany; the company released the first version as SUSE Linux in 1994. Its development was opened up to the community in 2005, which marked the creation of openSUSE. The focus of the developers is on creating a stable and user-friendly RPM -based operating system with

854-542: A total of four switch modules, but two of the switch module bays can take only an Ethernet switch or Ethernet pass-though. To use the other switch module bays, a daughtercard needs to be installed on each blade that needs it, to provide the required SAN , Ethernet, InfiniBand or Myrinet function. Mixing of different type daughtercards in the same BladeCenter chassis is not allowed. Gigabit Ethernet switch modules were produced by IBM, Nortel , and Cisco Systems . BLADE Network Technologies produced some switches, and later

915-540: A web interface version of YaST. It can configure settings and updates of the openSUSE machine it is running on. It can also shut down and check the status of the host. ZYpp (or libzypp) is a Linux software management engine. ZYpp is the backend for zypper, the default command line package management tool for openSUSE. The Open Build Service provides software developers with a tool to compile, release and publish their software for many distributions, including Mandriva , Ubuntu , Fedora and Debian . It typically simplifies

976-597: Is 60,000, half of whom frequently perform updates . Thus, the number of Tumbleweed installations had doubled in the last year. Other findings from the statistics are that most installations are done via DVD images. The dominant architecture is x64 . The geographical distribution of users has hardly changed according to these figures. One-third of users are from Germany, 12% are found in the US, 5% in Russia, and 3% in Brazil. For

1037-523: Is advertised as "the perfect Container-Host." MicroOS Desktop was the focus for the 2021 Hackweek . On 31 May 2023, openSUSE announced name changes: the GNOME version of MicroOS is now called Aeon, and the Plasma version is called Kalpa. The Factory project is the rolling development code base for openSUSE Tumbleweed , Factory is mainly used as an internal term for openSUSE's distribution developers, and

1098-530: Is an immutable operating system that hosts container workloads, and the Kubernetes certified distribution Kubic, which is a multi-purpose standalone and Kubernetes container operating system based on openSUSE MicroOS. The project is sponsored by a number of companies and individuals, most notably SUSE , AMD , B1 Systems, Heinlein Support, and TUXEDO Computers. The first indication that there should be

1159-402: Is an openSUSE Board which is responsible to lead the overall project. The openSUSE Board provides guidance and supports existing governance structures but does not direct or control development, since community mechanisms exist to accomplish the goals of the project. The board documents decisions and policies. The project is self-organized without a legal structure, although the establishment of

1220-464: Is formed of clusters of three different technologies, which will be incorporated and updated as they become available on the market. These technologies are currently being developed in the United States and Japan to speed up the arrival of the new generation of pre-exascale supercomputers. They are as follows: The aim of gradually incorporating these emerging technologies into MareNostrum 4

1281-535: Is held at a location in Europe and a summit is held at a location in Asia. The project is controlled by its community and relies on the contributions of individuals, working as testers, writers, translators, usability experts, artists, and developers. The project embraces a wide variety of technology, people with different levels of expertise, speaking different languages, and having different cultural backgrounds. There

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1342-496: Is of German origin, its name being an acronym of "Software und System-Entwicklung" (software and systems development), and it was mainly developed in Europe. The first version appeared in early 1994, making SUSE one of the oldest existing commercial distributions. It is known for its YaST configuration tool. Since the acquisition by Novell in 2003 and with the advent of openSUSE, this has been reversed: starting with version 9.2, an unsupported one-DVD ISO image of SUSE Professional

1403-414: Is preferred by openSUSE users as a desktop system. In the old development model, with each new openSUSE release (13.0, 13.1,...) a new rolling release was set-up, which always received new packages. When the new release was at the doorstep, and Tumbleweed was reset to that release, most packages were newer than the ones in the release, which led to problems. With the switch to Leap, the development model

1464-441: Is self-contained and transactional; it updates itself in an all-or-nothing approach (transactional) and rolls back to its previous stage in case something goes wrong. It runs from a read-only file system, preventing accidental changes and malware attacks. The transactional update does not affect the running system. All software available for Tumbleweed is also available for MicroOS. As it comes with podman Container-Runtime, MicroOS

1525-415: Is the basis for MicroOS and Kubic. Leap is a classic stable distribution approach: one release each year, and in between, security updates and bug fixes. This makes Leap very attractive as a server operating system, as well as a desktop operating system, since it requires little maintenance effort. For the version released in the fall of 2015, the development team settled on the name openSUSE Leap with

1586-484: Is to allow BSC to experiment with what are expected to be the most advanced technological developments over the next few years and evaluate their suitability for future iterations of MareNostrum. MareNostrum 4 has a disk storage capacity of 14 petabytes and is connected to BSC’s big data facilities, which have a total capacity of 24.6 petabytes. Like its predecessors, MareNostrum 4 will also be connected to European research centres and European universities via

1647-565: The Open Build Service , openQA, writing documentation, designing artwork, fostering discussions on open mailing lists and in Internet Relay Chat channels, and improving the openSUSE site through its wiki interface. The openSUSE Project develops free software and tools and has two main Linux distributions named openSUSE Leap and openSUSE Tumbleweed. The project has several distributions for specific purposes like MicroOS, which

1708-463: The RedIRIS and GÉANT networks. The previous version, MareNostrum 3, consisted of 3,056 IBM iDataPlex DX360M4 compute nodes, for a total of 48,896 physical Intel Sandy Bridge cores running at 2.6 GHz, and 84 Xeon Phi 5110P in 42 nodes. MareNostrum 3 had 36 racks dedicated to calculations. In total, each rack had 1,344 cores and 2,688 GB of memory. Each IBM iDataPlex Compute rack

1769-506: The SUSE Linux distribution was officially renamed to openSUSE, as it is pronounced similarly to " open source ". Until version 13.2, stable fixed releases with separate maintenance streams from SLE were the project's main offering. Since late 2015, openSUSE has been split into two main offerings, Leap, the more conservative fixed release Leap distribution based on SLE, and Tumbleweed, the rolling release distribution focused on integrating

1830-427: The BladeCenter H, available with either AC or DC (48 V) power. Has 12 blade slots in 12U, but uses the same switches and blades as the regular BladeCenter H. But to keep NEBS Level 3 / ETSI compliant special NEBS compliant blades are available. Targets mid-sized customers by offering storage inside the BladeCenter chassis, so no separate external storage needs to be purchased. It can also use 120   V power in

1891-477: The European Commission. It was expected that MareNostrum 5 became operational on December 31, 2020, but its deployment got delayed until December 2023. It will include an experimental platform dedicated to testing and developing European supercomputing technologies. MareNostrum 4 has been dubbed the most diverse and likely the most interesting supercomputer in the world thanks to the heterogeneity of

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1952-511: The High-speed IO option of the BladeCenter H, but is backwards compatible with the regular BladeCenter. Features: (2009) Features: (2009) Features: Features: Features: Branded as part of IBM Power Systems . Features: Features are very similar to PS 700, but Think two PS 701 tied together back-to-back, forming a double-wide blade Features are very similar to PS 701, but Think two PS 703 tied together back-to-back, forming

2013-513: The High-speed IO option of the BladeCenter H, but is backwards compatible with the regular BladeCenter. Features: (2009–2011) Features: (2010–2011) Features are very similar to HS22 but: (2012) Features: (2012) Features: (2004) Features: (2008) This blade model is targeted to the workstation market, Features: (2010–2011) This blade model is targeted at the server virtualization market. Features: Modules based on x86 processors from AMD . (2005-2006) Features: (2006) This model can use

2074-487: The North American market, so it can be used outside the datacenter. When running at 120   V, the total chassis capacity is reduced. Features: Modules based on x86 processors from Intel . (2008) Features: (2002–2006) Features: (2007–2008) This model can use the High-speed IO option of the BladeCenter H, but is backwards-compatible with the regular BladeCenter. Features: (2007–2008) This model can use

2135-411: The architecture it will include once the installation of the supercomputer is complete. Its total speed will be 13.7 petaflops. It has five storage racks with the capacity to store 14 petabytes (14 million gigabytes) of data. A high-speed Omni-Path network connects all the components in the supercomputer to one another. The supercomputer includes two separate parts: a general-purpose block and

2196-405: The atmospheric system by dispersing and absorbing solar radiation. Among the many projects in this category, some explore smart cities and the optimization of transportation and human health. This research line includes projects studying the interaction of individuals with computers and others aimed at creating visual and algorithmic tools for analyzing and studying large volumes of data. One of

2257-444: The base, the 'Closing-the-Leap-Gap' project has been started, where openSUSE Leap 15.3 will be completely based on SLE's binary packages. There are three main organizational units: Tumbleweed is the flagship of the openSUSE Project. Instead of classical version numbers and periodic updates, a rolling release system is used: updates happen continuously; previous states of the operating system are saved as "snapshots". Tumbleweed

2318-582: The deviating version number 42.1. As in the openSUSE version 4.2 from May 1996, which was called S.u.S.E. Linux at the time, the number 42 refers to the question about "life, the universe and everything" in the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy book series. After that, the basis packages are received from the SUSE Linux Enterprise , while applications and desktops come from Tumbleweed. At

2379-475: The high-speed I/O of the BladeCenter H, but is also backwards compatible with the regular BladeCenter. Features: (2008) Upgraded model of LS21. Features: (2006–2007) This model can use the High-speed IO option of the BladeCenter H, but is backwards compatible with the regular BladeCenter. Features: (2008–2009) Upgraded model of LS41. Features: Modules based on PowerPC - or Power ISA -based processors from IBM . (2006) Features: (2006) This model can have

2440-598: The latest stable packages from upstream projects. Over the years, SUSE Linux has gone from a status of a distribution with restrictive, delayed publications (2 months of waiting for those who had not bought the box, without ISOs available, but installation available via FTP) and a closed development model to a free distribution model with immediate and free availability for all and transparent and open development. On 27 April 2011, Attachmate completed its acquisition of Novell. Attachmate split Novell into two autonomous business units, Novell and SUSE. Attachmate made no changes to

2501-488: The main projects in this area involves the integration, storage, and transmission of a large volume of clinical data and simulation data. Projects in this category involve simulations of the cardiovascular or respiratory systems. Projects in this area cover services for agriculture and water management, ocean forecasting, the study of tropical cyclones, and determining the most efficient locations for wind turbines. Current projects in this area focus on energy informatics and

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2562-452: The openSUSE Leap 15.3 release, the repository for openSUSE Leap and SUSE Linux Enterprise (SLE) was merged and now contains the same source code and binary packages. SLE 15 will be supported until 31 July 2028. MicroOS is an immutable, minimalistic, self-maintained and transactional system, which is primarily, but not exclusively, intended for use in edge computing or as container runtime . Some even use it as desktop system. The system

2623-499: The openSUSE Project and closed on 15 March 2019. The openSUSE Project is a community project to create, promote, improve, and document the openSUSE Linux distribution . The openSUSE Project community, sponsored by SUSE and others, develops and maintains various distributions based on Linux . Beyond the distributions and tools, the openSUSE Project provides a web portal for community involvement. The community develops openSUSE collaboratively with its corporate sponsors through

2684-472: The openSUSE conference held in Nuremberg in 2016, statistics were announced that since the conceptual reorientation with openSUSE Leap 42.1, increasing user numbers had been recorded. According to this, the number of downloads is 400,000 DVD-images per month with an increasing tendency. Each month, 1,600 installations would be added, and 500,000 packages would be installed. The number of Tumbleweed users

2745-583: The optimization of data centers. Analysis of best practices related to education. Projects include reducing pollutant emissions, drug design, and assisting in fluid mechanics computations, among others. Activities involve earthquake simulation, detecting the presence of fluids at great depths beneath the Earth's surface, and analyzing the properties of our planet's surface. Research in this area includes studying cultural evolution, energy efficiency, or public safety to develop smart and resilient cities, as well as

2806-460: The packaging process, so developers can more easily package a single program for many distributions, and many openSUSE releases, making more packages available to users regardless of what distribution version they use. It is published under the GNU GPLv2+ . By default, openSUSE uses Delta RPMs when updating an installation. A Delta RPM contains the difference between an old and a new version of

2867-470: The relationship between SUSE (formerly Novell) and the openSUSE project. After the 2014 merger of the Attachmate Group with Micro Focus, SUSE reaffirmed its commitment to openSUSE. EQT AB announced their intent to acquire SUSE on 2 July 2018. There are no expected changes in the relationship between SUSE and openSUSE. This acquisition is the third acquisition of SUSE Linux since the founding of

2928-422: The repository is synced to the download mirrors and published as openSUSE Tumbleweed, That usually happens several times a week. openSUSE currently (2024) supports installation via ISO and/or over a network from repositories for a wide range of hardware and virtualization platforms. This includes AArch64 (custom version for Raspberry Pi is available), Arm8 , POWER8 (ppc64le) , IBM zSystems (s390x) ,

2989-400: The same switches and blades as the regular BladeCenter E. To keep NEBS Level 3 / ETSI compliant special Network Equipment-Building System (NEBS) compliant blades are available. Upgraded BladeCenter design with high-speed fabric options, announced in 2006. Backwards compatible with older BladeCenter switches and blades. Features: BladeCenter HT is the telecommunications company version of

3050-444: The study of human groups. 41°23.364′N 2°6.9661′E  /  41.389400°N 2.1161017°E  / 41.389400; 2.1161017 SUSE Linux Also available at install: openSUSE ( / ˌ oʊ p ən ˈ s uː z ə / ) is a free and open-source Linux distribution developed by the openSUSE project. It is offered in two main variations: Tumbleweed , an upstream rolling release distribution, and Leap ,

3111-467: The target project for all contributions to openSUSE's main code base. There is a constant flow of packages going into the Factory. There is no freeze; therefore, the Factory repository is not guaranteed to be fully stable and is not intended to be used by humans. The core system packages receive automated testing via openQA . When automated testing is completed and the repository is in a consistent state,

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3172-453: The ubiquitous Intel 64 (x86-64) , i586 , and i686 . Arm8 (including earlier Raspberry Pi models), i586 , and i686 are available in 32-bit version only. Specialized releases for use in containers and virtualized environments are available for onie , Microsoft Hyper-V , kvm , xen , Digital Ocean Cloud, Container Host with VMware , Vagrant , and VirtualBox . It can also be installed in conventional virtualization environments with

3233-652: Was a more traditional local area network consisting of Gigabit Ethernet adapters. These older version has been based on a 2,560 IBM BladeCenter JS21 nodes with PowerPC 970MP processors and with 20 TB system memory. The supercomputer MareNostrum 4 is used in various research areas, ranging from predicting climate change to biomechanics and the analysis of Big Data . Some projects in this area focus on researching air quality and developing air quality models as tools to identify sources and processes that determine air quality, as well as predict pollution episodes. Another project investigates aerosols and how they interact with

3294-523: Was changed completely: according to the Factory First policy all software packages had to be sent to Factory in the first place before they could be included in a distribution. Out of Factory a daily snapshot is taken and tested in openQA . A successful test is released as the next Tumbleweed snapshot. Unlike other rolling release distributions, Tumbleweed is a tested rolling release , which increases stability dramatically. Technically Tumbleweed

3355-468: Was composed of 84 IBM iDataPlex dx360 M4 compute nodes and four Mellanox 36-port Managed FDR10 IB Switches. dx360 M4 compute nodes were grouped into a 2U Chassis, having two columns of 42 2U chassis. The computing nodes of MareNostrum 3 communicated primarily through a high bandwidth, low latency InfiniBand FDR10 network. The different nodes were interconnected via fibre optic cables and Mellanox 648-port FDR10 Infiniband Core Switches. In addition, there

3416-589: Was largely due to the closed-source development process used. Although SUSE Linux had always been a free software product licensed with the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL), it was only freely possible to retrieve the source code of the next release 2 months after it was ready for purchase. SUSE Linux' strategy was to create a technically superior Linux distribution with a large number of employed engineers, that would make users willing to pay for their distribution in retail stores. SUSE Linux

3477-403: Was later marketed as BladeCenter E. Power supplies have been upgraded through the life of the chassis from the original 1200 to 1400, 1800, 2000 and 2320 watt. The BladeCenter (E) was co-developed by IBM and Intel and included: BladeCenter T is the telecommunications company version of the original BladeCenter, available with either AC or DC (48 V) power. Has 8 blade slots in 8U, but uses

3538-434: Was made available for download. The FTP server continues to operate and has the advantage of "streamlined" installs, allowing the user to download only the packages the user feels they need. The ISO has the advantages of an easy install package, the ability to operate even if the user's network card does not work "out of the box", and less experience needed (i.e., an inexperienced Linux user may not know whether or not to install

3599-400: Was once integrated into YaST to change monitor settings, however, with openSUSE 11.3 SaX2 has been removed. The GTK user interface was removed starting with Leap 42.1, however, the ncurses and Qt interfaces remain. AutoYaST is part of YaST2 and is used for automatic installation. The configuration is stored in an XML file and the installation happens without user interaction. WebYaST is

3660-464: Was purchased by IBM. In all cases speed internal to the BladeCenter, between the blades, is non-blocking. External Gigabit Ethernet ports vary from four to six and can be either copper or optical fiber . A variety of SAN switch modules have been produced by QLogic , Cisco , McData (acquired by Brocade) and Brocade ranging in speeds of 1, 2, 4 and 8 Gbit Fibre Channel. Speed from the SAN switch to

3721-762: Was the Roman name for the Mediterranean Sea . The supercomputer is housed in the deconsecrated Chapel Torre Girona at the Polytechnic University of Catalonia , Barcelona , Spain . In July 2019, the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking selected the Barcelona Supercomputing Center as one of the entities that will host a pre- exascale supercomputer in the high-capacity supercomputer network promoted by

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