Mixed use is a type of urban development , urban design , urban planning and/or a zoning classification that blends multiple uses , such as residential, commercial, cultural, institutional, or entertainment, into one space, where those functions are to some degree physically and functionally integrated, and that provides pedestrian connections. Mixed-use development may be applied to a single building, a block or neighborhood, or in zoning policy across an entire city or other administrative unit. These projects may be completed by a private developer, (quasi-)governmental agency, or a combination thereof. A mixed-use development may be a new construction, reuse of an existing building or brownfield site , or a combination.
45-681: Marina One is a mixed-use development bounded by Marina Way and Straits View in Marina South located within the Downtown Core of the city-state of Singapore . Designed by Christoph Ingenhoven , Marina One covers a total gross floor area of approximately 3.67 million square feet. It includes two 34-storey residential towers, two 30-storey prime grade A office towers and a retail podium named 'The Heart', featuring lush greenery and landscaping by Gustafson Porter and ICN Design. Both were landscape architects behind Singapore's Gardens by
90-620: A Garden' concept with a unique garden ecosystem within the development, providing a sanctuary and green space for communities amid the hustle and bustle of the CBD. Marina One Residences is the residential component of Marina One totalling an estimated 1.23 million square feet and comprises 1,042 apartment units over two 34-storey residential towers. The units range from one to four bedroom units and penthouses. Nestled within Marina Bay's prime locale, Marina One Residences epitomizes luxury living in
135-494: A benchmark for international excellence in design and sustainability " in line with the Urban Redevelopment Authority 's (URA) long-term vision for Marina South as a growth area in establishing a global business and financial hub. An estimated net floor area of 140,000 square feet retail podium in the centre of Marina One offers gastronomic and lifestyle options. The centerpiece of Green Heart will be
180-423: A biodiversity garden designed and developed by Kathryn Gustafson of Gustafson Porter + Bowman. The Heart was envisaged by Christoph Ingenhoven as a sanctuary and a green civic space for communities to come together at the heart of Singapore's CBD . It will feature an array of lush greenery at the centre of the development comprising waterfalls and rooftop gardens. Marina One was set to bring Singapore's 'City in
225-542: A catalyst for economic growth, may not serve their intended purpose if they simply shift economic activity, rather than create it. A study done by Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated (JLL) found that "90 percent of Hudson Yards' new office tenants relocated from Midtown." Some of the more frequent mixed-use scenarios in the United States are: The first large-scale attempt to create mixed-use development in Australia
270-716: A city can be impacted by mixed-use development. With the EPA putting models in the spreadsheet, it makes it much easier for municipalities, and developers to estimate the traffic, with Mixed-use spaces. The linking models also used as a resource tool measures the geography, demographics, and land use characteristics in a city. The Environmental Protection Agency has conducted an analysis on six major metropolitan areas using land usage, household surveys, and GIS databases. States such as California, Washington, New Mexico, and Virginia have adopted this standard as statewide policy when assessing how urban developments can impact traffic. Preconditions for
315-579: A combination of public and private interests, do not show a decrease in carbon emissions in comparison to metropolitan areas that have a low, dense configuration. This is possibly because hybrid metropolises are prone to attract car traffic from visitors. Due to the speculative nature of large scale real estate developments, mega-mixed-use projects often fall short on meeting equity and affordability goals. High-end residential, upscale retail, and Class A office spaces appealing to high-profile tenants are often prioritized due to their speculative potential. There
360-417: A role in 1986 with a zoning bylaw that allowed for commercial and residential units to be mixed. At the time, Toronto was in the beginning stages of planning a focus on developing mixed-use development due to the growing popularity of more social housing. The law has since been updated as recently as 2013, shifting much of its focus outside the downtown area which has been a part of the main city since 1998. With
405-612: A self-sufficient community. It will also form part of the Greater Southern Waterfront . The first land parcel, a residential plot on Marina Gardens Lane, will be released for sale in December 2022. Marina South is served by two stations, Marina Bay and Bayfront , part of the Circle Line Extension and serves Marina Bay Sands integrated resort. The Marina Coastal Expressway (MCE) serves
450-509: A significant focus on affordable housing provisions in these plans. Mixed-use buildings can be risky given that there are multiple tenants residing in one development. Mega-mixed-use projects, like Hudson Yards , are also extremely expensive. This development has cost the City of New York over 2.2 billion dollars. Critics argue that taxpayer dollars could better serve the general public if spent elsewhere. Additionally, mixed-use developments, as
495-618: A significant intersection in Toronto, portions of the Mirvish Village project site are zoned as "commercial residential" and others as "mixed commercial residential". Within the City of Toronto's zoning by-laws, commercial residential includes "a range of commercial, residential and institutional uses, as well as parks." Mirvish Village's programmatic uses include rental apartments, a public market, and small-unit retail, while also preserving 23 of 27 heritage houses on site. The project
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#1732772889663540-569: A strong ability to adapt to changing social and economic environments. When the COVID-19 pandemic hit, New York retailers located on long, commercially oriented blocks suffered severely as they were no longer attracting an audience of passersby. By combining multiple functions into one building or development, mixed-use districts can build resiliency through their ability to attract and maintain visitors. More sustainable transportation practices are also fostered. A study of Guangzhou, China , done by
585-640: Is a planning area located within the Central Area of the Central Region of Singapore. It is largely home to Gardens by the Bay as well as the Marina Barrage . The name has also been used to refer to the larger peninsula the planning area is situated on, which encompasses the planning areas of Straits View and a portion of the Downtown Core . Marina South is bordered by Marina East to
630-618: Is also a trend towards making residential spaces in mixed-use developments to be condominiums, rather than rental spaces. A study done by the Journal of the American Planning Association found that a focus on homeownership predominantly excludes individuals working in public services, trades, cultural, sales and service, and manufacturing occupations from living in amenity-rich city centers. Despite incentives like density bonuses, municipalities and developers rarely put
675-462: Is also absent in Germany and Russia where zoning codes make no distinction between different types of housing. America's attachment to private property and the traditional 1950s suburban home, as well as deep racial and class divides, have marked the divergence in mixed-use zoning between the continents. As a result, much of Europe's central cities are mixed use "by default" and the term "mixed-use"
720-535: Is also found in these districts. This development pattern is centered around the idea of "live, work, play," transforming buildings and neighborhoods into multi-use entities. Efficiency, productivity, and quality of life are also increased with regards to workplaces holding a plethora of amenities. Examples include gyms, restaurants, bars, and shopping. Mixed-use neighborhoods promote community and socialization through their bringing together of employees, visitors, and residents. A distinctive character and sense-of-place
765-487: Is connected with the Marina Coastal Expressway . It is connected to four out of Singapore's six MRT lines via: Mixed-use development Traditionally, human settlements have developed in mixed-use patterns. However, with industrialization , governmental zoning regulations were introduced to separate different functions, such as manufacturing, from residential areas. Public health concerns and
810-399: Is created by transforming single use districts that may run for eight hours a day (ex. commercial office buildings running 9am - 5pm) into communities that can run eighteen hours a day through the addition of cafes, restaurants, bars, and nightclubs. Safety of neighborhoods in turn may be increased as people stay out on the streets for longer hours. Mixed-use neighborhoods and buildings have
855-422: Is incentivized in these regions. By taking undervalued and underutilized land, often former heavy industrial, developers can repurpose it to increase land and property values. These projects also increase housing variety, density, and oftentimes affordability through their focus on multifamily, rather than single-family housing compounds. A more equal balance between the supply and demand of jobs and housing
900-717: Is much more relevant regarding new areas of the city where an effort is made to mix residential and commercial activities – such as in Amsterdam's Eastern Docklands . Expanded use of mixed-use zoning and mixed-use developments may be found in a variety of contexts, such as the following (multiple such contexts might apply to one particular project or situation): Any of the above contexts may also include parallel contexts such as: Mixed-use developments are home to significant employment and housing opportunities. Many of these projects are already located in established downtown districts, meaning that development of public transit systems
945-582: Is notable for its public consultation process, which was lauded by Toronto city officials. Architect Henriquez and the developer had previously collaborated on mixed-use projects in Vancouver , British Columbia , including the successful Woodward's Redevelopment . In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) collaborates with local governments by providing researchers developing new data that estimates how
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#1732772889663990-558: Is the US's largest project to ever be financed by TIF ( tax increment financing ) subsidies. It did not require voter approval, nor did it have to go through the city's traditional budgeting process. Rather, the project is financed by future property taxes and the EB-5 Visa Program. This program provides VISAs to overseas investors in exchange for placing a minimum of $ 500,000 into US real estate. Marina South Marina South
1035-472: The 1960s. Since the 1990s, mixed-use zoning has once again become desirable as it works to combat urban sprawl and increase economic vitality. In most of Europe, government policy has encouraged the continuation of the city center's role as a main location for business, retail, restaurant, and entertainment activity, unlike in the United States where zoning actively discouraged such mixed use for many decades. In England, for example, hotels are included under
1080-610: The Bay 's site preparatory works. An integrated resort , Marina Bay Sands , was built on the northern shore of Marina South which was completed in 2010. It is situated next to the Gardens by the Bay and the Marina Bay Financial Centre , which was completed in 2013. The new Marina Bay Cruise Centre Singapore , was built and opened in October 2012. It is located next to the current Marina South Pier . It has
1125-453: The Bay , also located in Marina South . It was developed by M+S Pte Ltd, a 60:40 joint venture between Investment fund Khazanah National and Singapore's investment company Temasek Holdings . Wholly owned subsidiaries of the two funds - Mapletree Investments and UEM Sunrise were appointed project managers. The development broke ground on 11 July 2012 followed by the unveiling of Marina One's architectural design on 19 February 2013. It
1170-709: The Bay, Esplanade Theatres on the Bay, and the Singapore Flyer within close reach, along with Fullerton Heritage and a plethora of upscale dining and retail options. Spanning 65,000 sq. ft., the Green Heart enclave within Marina One Residences provides a verdant oasis for residents to unwind and rejuvenate. A wealth of recreational facilities, including a 50m lap pool, a spacious gymnasium, private dining rooms, and Teppanyaki terraces, cater to every lifestyle need. With panoramic vistas encompassing
1215-790: The Journal of Geographical Information Science, found that taxis located in regions where buildings housed a greater variety of functions had greatly reduced traveling distances. Shorter traveling distances, in turn, support the use of micro-mobility . Pedestrian and bike-friendly infrastructure are fostered due to increased density and reduced distances between housing, workplaces, retail businesses, and other amenities and destinations. Additionally, mixed-use projects promote health and wellness, as these developments often provide better access (whether it be by foot, bicycle, or transit) to farmer's markets and grocery stores. However, hybrid metropolises, areas that have large and tall buildings which accommodate
1260-457: The United States came after World War II when planner and New York City Parks Commissioner , Robert Moses , championed superhighways to break up functions and neighborhoods of the city. The antithesis to these practices came from activist and writer, Jane Jacobs , who was a major proponent of mixed-use zoning, believing it played a key role in creating an organic, diverse, and vibrant streetscape. These two figures went head-to-head during much of
1305-456: The area as there used to be Singapore's only Cantonese discothèque – Canto. All of these were closed in the mid-2000s as redevelopment was planned for the area. A new ferry terminal , Marina South Pier , was built there to replace the old Clifford Pier at Collyer Quay , it was opened on 1 April 2006. The Marina City Park was later closed from 1 June 2007 for the Gardens by
1350-417: The area was developed to allow kite flying and the playing of soccer as an interim measure. A park known as Marina City Park was opened on 30 December 1990, was planned to be a premier park of Singapore's proposed "city of the 21st century". Commercial districts were also constructed to allow outdoor dining , bowling alleys and gaming arcades . In its hey-day back in the early 1990s, teenagers flocked to
1395-682: The capability to accommodate some of the world's largest ships. The addition of the new cruise centre helps to boost the growth of the leisure cruise sector in Singapore , apart from the Singapore Cruise Centre . Marina South was first identified by the URA in 2013 as a car-lite high density residential district next to the new Central Business District at Marina Bay, Singapore . The precinct, which can yield more than 10,000 homes, will also feature retail, office and hotel uses, creating
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1440-531: The early 1990s, when the local government wanted to reduce the then-dominant car-oriented development style. The Metropolitan Area Express , Portland's light rail system, encourages the mixing of residential, commercial, and work spaces into one zone. With this one-zoning-type planning system, the use of land at increased densities provides a return in public investments throughout the city. Main street corridors provide flexible building heights and high density uses to enable "gathering places". Hudson Yards project
1485-470: The heart of the city. Surrounded by lush greenery, including Marina One's own Green Heart, this residential haven offers a rare opportunity for park-like tranquility amidst urban vibrancy. Marina One Residences boasts seamless connectivity to four MRT lines (North South, Circle, Downtown, and the latest Thomson-East Coast Lines), as well as convenient access to major expressways. Its enviable location places iconic landmarks such as Marina Bay Sands, Gardens by
1530-456: The initial one with new policies focused on economic and urban renewal issues. In particular, the 1988 Plan was designed in collaboration with a transport strategy and was the first to recommend higher development densities. Since then, Australian planning authorities have given greater priority to mixed-use development of inner-city industrial land as a way of revitalising areas neglected by the decline in manufacturing, consolidating and densifying
1575-603: The largest in Asia. Current tenants include Prudential , MUFG Bank and PwC Singapore . Restaurant and retail tenants at Marina One include Marina One has received three awards at the Asia Pacific Property Awards 2012 for Best High Rise Architecture, Best Mixed-use Architecture and Best Mixed-use Development. The development also received recognition for its sustainable and environmentally friendly design: Other awards include: M+S awards Marina One
1620-574: The north and northeast, Straits View to the southwest, the Downtown Core to the north and west, as well as the Singapore Straits to the south and east. Land at Marina Centre and Marina South was reclaimed from the sea to form a sheltered body of water that came to be known as Marina Bay . It was aimed to provide additional land near the Central Business District. After allowing for the reclaimed land to settle,
1665-412: The previously underpopulated urban centres. This new urban planning approach has had a significant impact on the use of land parcels in major Australian cities: according to 2021 data from Australian Bureau of Statistics , mixed zoning already suppose more than 9% of new housing approvals. One of the first cities to adopt a policy on mixed-use development is Toronto . The local government first played
1710-441: The protection of property values stood as the motivation behind this separation. In the United States, the practice of zoning for single-family residential use was instigated to safeguard communities from negative externalities , including air, noise, and light pollution, associated with heavier industrial practices. These zones were also constructed to alleviate racial and class tensions. The heyday of separate-use zoning in
1755-501: The regulations in place, the city has overseen the development of high-rise condominiums throughout the city with amenities and transit stops nearby. Toronto's policies of mixed-use development have inspired other North American cities in Canada and the United States to bring about similar changes. One example of a Toronto mixed-use development is Mirvish Village by architect Gregory Henriquez . Located at Bloor and Bathurst Street ,
1800-405: The same umbrella as "residential," rather than commercial as they are classified under in the US. France similarly gravitates towards mixed-use as much of Paris is simply zoned to be "General Urban," allowing for a variety of uses. Even zones that house the mansions and villas of the aristocrats focus on historical and architectural preservation rather than single family zoning. Single family zoning
1845-463: The sea, Marina Bay Sands, Gardens by the Bay, and the lush greenery of the Green Heart, Marina One Residences offers a truly elevated living experience. Marina One Offices comprises two 30-storey prime Grade A commercial towers, Marina One East Tower and Marina One West Tower , with an estimated net floor area of 1.88 million square feet. Located in Marina South , the commercial tower features two high-density 100,000 square feet net floor plates –
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1890-463: The success of mixed-use developments are employment, population, and consumer spending . The three preconditions ensure that a development can attract quality tenants and financial success. Other factors determining the success of the mixed-use development is the proximity of production time, and the costs from the surrounding market. Mixed-use zoning has been implemented in Portland, Oregon , since
1935-418: Was inaugurated on 15 January 2018. Marina One was designed by Ingenhoven Architects . A Korean consortium of Hyundai Engineering & Construction and GS Engineering and Construction were appointed main contractors for on 5 September 2013. Other companies involved include Architects61, Beca Carter Hollings & Ferner, Langdon & Seah, Gustafson Porter, ICN Design and Arup . The design of Marina One
1980-670: Was the Sydney Region Outline Plan , a plan that identified Sydney 's need to decentralise and organise its growth around the metropolitan area. Its main objective was to control the city's rapid post-war population growth by introducing growth corridors and economic centres that would help prevent uncontrolled sprawl and the overuse of the car as a means of transport Several city centres such as Parramatta or Campbelltown benefited from these policies, creating economic hubs with his own inner-city amenities along Sydney's main thoroughfares. Subsequent plans complemented
2025-537: Was unveiled on 19 February 2013. At the ceremony, the project was described as "an iconic building" which would be positioned "in an unprecedented scale on the world map as a new financial centre ." Members of the M+S Board broke ground on Marina One on 11 July 2012. Speaking at the ceremony, the chairman of M+S revealed that the development would "define new standards of luxury urban living in Singapore, creating
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