Misplaced Pages

#158841

74-546: This was the first Formula One car to run on Valvoline lubricant since the Lotus 91 in 1982 despite the MR03 car's fuel was supplied by Shell V-Power . The MR03 was driven in 2014 by Jules Bianchi and Max Chilton , both of whom returned to the team for a second consecutive season. The car was the first car designed by Marussia to use an engine built by Ferrari , the 059/3. In general terms, and compared to previous years' cars,

148-547: A Sequence VIB Fuel Economy Test (ASTM D6837) is required that is not required in API service category SM. A key new test for GF-4, which is also required for API SM, is the Sequence IIIG, which involves running a 3.8 litres (230 cu in), GM 3.8 L V-6 at 125 hp (93 kW), 3,600 rpm, and 150 °C (302 °F) oil temperature for 100 hours. These are much more severe conditions than any API-specified oil

222-753: A campaign by the California EPA against the " 3,000-mile myth ", promoting vehicle manufacturer's recommendations for oil change intervals over those of the oil change industry. The engine user can, in replacing the oil, adjust the viscosity for the ambient temperature change, thicker for summer heat and thinner for the winter cold. Lower-viscosity oils are common in newer vehicles. By the mid-1980s, recommended viscosities had moved down to 5W-30, primarily to improve fuel efficiency. A typical modern application would be Honda motor's use of 5W-20 (and in their newest vehicles, 0W-20) viscosity oil for 12,000 kilometres (7,500 mi). Engine designs are evolving to allow

296-499: A controversial issue of obsolescent oils needed for older engines, especially engines with sliding (flat/cleave) tappets. API and ILSAC, which represents most of the world's major automobile/engine manufacturers, state API SM/ILSAC GF-4 is fully backwards compatible, and it is noted that one of the engine tests required for API SM, the Sequence IVA, is a sliding tappet design to test specifically for cam wear protection. Not everyone

370-436: A heavier, thicker petroleum hydrocarbon base stock derived from crude oil , with additives to improve certain properties. The bulk of a typical motor oil consists of hydrocarbons with between 18 and 34 carbon atoms per molecule . One of the most important properties of motor oil in maintaining a lubricating film between moving parts is its viscosity . The viscosity of a liquid can be thought of as its "thickness" or

444-440: A measure of its resistance to flow. The viscosity must be high enough to maintain a lubricating film, but low enough that the oil can flow around the engine parts under all conditions. The viscosity index is a measure of how much the oil's viscosity changes as temperature changes. A higher viscosity index indicates the viscosity changes less with temperature than a lower viscosity index. Motor oil must be able to flow adequately at

518-527: A motor oil change. Many modern cars now list somewhat higher intervals for changing oil and filter, with the constraint of "severe" service requiring more frequent changes with less-than-ideal driving. This applies to short trips of under 15 kilometres (10 mi), where the oil does not get to full operating temperature long enough to boil off condensation, excess fuel, and other contamination that leads to "sludge", "varnish", "acids", or other deposits. Many manufacturers have engine computer calculations to estimate

592-540: A non-winter grade specifying the viscosity at operating temperatures. An engine oil using a polymeric viscosity index improver (VII) must be classified as multi-grade. Breakdown of VIIs under shear is a concern in motorcycle applications, where the transmission may share lubricating oil with the motor. For this reason, motorcycle-specific oil is sometimes recommended. The necessity of higher-priced motorcycle-specific oil has also been challenged by at least one consumer organization. Engine lubricants are evaluated against

666-644: A number of auto races to market its motor oil, including the SCCA National Championship Runoffs and Bommarito Automotive Group 500 . Valvoline also sponsored the first woman to compete in both the Daytona 500 and Indianapolis 500 , Janet Guthrie , NASCAR Cup Series driver Mark Martin (1992-2000), CART driver Al Unser Jr. (1988-1993), and NASCAR teams RahMoc Enterprises , and Ginn Racing and Hendrick Motorsports (since 2014). In Australia, Valvoline owns naming rights to

740-417: A numerical code system for grading motor oils according to their viscosity characteristics known as SAE J300 . This standard is commonly used throughout the world, and standards organizations that do so include API and ACEA . The grades include single grades, such as SAE 30, and also multi-grades such as SAE 15W-30. A multi-grade consists of a winter grade specifying the viscosity at cold temperatures and

814-479: A recirculating oil pump, this heat is transferred by means of airflow over the exterior surface of the oil pan , airflow through an oil cooler , and through oil gases evacuated by the positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) system. While modern recirculating pumps are typically provided in passenger cars and other engines of similar or larger in size, total-loss oiling is a design option that remains popular in small and miniature engines. In petrol (gasoline) engines,

SECTION 10

#1732780203159

888-410: Is two-stroke oil for lubrication of two-stroke or two-cycle internal combustion engines found in snow blowers , chain saws, model airplanes, gasoline-powered gardening equipment like hedge trimmers, leaf blowers and soil cultivators. Often, these motors are not exposed to as wide of service temperature ranges as in vehicles, so these oils may be single viscosity oils. In small two-stroke engines,

962-412: Is a lubricant used in internal combustion engines , which power cars , motorcycles , lawnmowers , engine-generators , and many other machines. In engines, there are parts which move against each other, and the friction between the parts wastes otherwise useful power by converting kinetic energy into heat . It also wears away those parts, which could lead to lower efficiency and degradation of

1036-483: Is a catch-all group for any base stock not described by Groups I to IV. Examples of group V base stocks include polyolesters (POE), polyalkylene glycols (PAG), and perfluoropolyalkylethers (PFPAEs) and poorly refined mineral oil. Groups I and II are commonly referred to as mineral oils , group III is typically referred to as synthetic (except in Germany and Japan, where they must not be called synthetic) and group IV

1110-403: Is a synthetic oil. Group V base oils are so diverse that there is no catch-all description. The API service classes have two general classifications: S for "service/spark ignition" (typical passenger cars and light trucks using gasoline engines ), and C for "commercial/compression ignition" (typical diesel equipment). Engine oil which has been tested and meets the API standards may display

1184-576: Is an American retail automotive services company. It licenses the name for a number of Valvoline-labeled automotive oil , additives , and lubricants . It also owns the Valvoline Instant Oil Change , Great Canadian Oil Change and Valvoline Express Care car repair chains. As of 2023 , it is the second largest oil change service provider in the United States with 10% market share and over 1,650 locations. Dr. John Ellis,

1258-479: Is backward compatible that means API CK-4 oils are assumed to provide superior performance to oils made to previous categories and could be used without problems in all previous model engines. API FA-4 oils are formulated for enhanced fuel economy (presented as reduced greenhouse gas emission ). To achieve that, they are SAE xW-30 oils blended to a high temperature high shear viscosity from 2.9 cP to 3.2 cP. They are not suitable for all engines thus their use depends on

1332-452: Is desirable. At a petroleum refinery , fractional distillation separates a motor oil fraction from other crude oil fractions, removing the more volatile components, and therefore increasing the oil's flash point (reducing its tendency to burn). Another manipulated property of motor oil is its total base number (TBN), which is a measurement of the reserve alkalinity of an oil, meaning its ability to neutralize acids. The resulting quantity

1406-600: Is determined as mg KOH/ (gram of lubricant). Analogously, total acid number (TAN) is the measure of a lubricant's acidity . Other tests include zinc , phosphorus , or sulfur content, and testing for excessive foaming . The Noack volatility test (ASTM D-5800) determines the physical evaporation loss of lubricants in high temperature service. A maximum of 14% evaporation loss is allowable to meet API SL and ILSAC GF-3 specifications. Some automotive OEM oil specifications require lower than 10%. Table of thermal and physical properties of typical unused engine oil: The oil and

1480-448: Is in agreement with backwards compatibility, and in addition, there are special situations, such as "performance" engines or fully race built engines, where the engine protection requirements are above and beyond API/ILSAC requirements. Because of this, there are specialty oils out in the market place with higher than API allowed phosphorus levels. Most engines built before 1985 have the flat/cleave bearing style systems of construction, which

1554-579: Is meshed with camshaft gear in some modern engines. The current diesel engine service categories are API CK-4, CJ-4, CI-4 PLUS, CI-4, CH-4, and FA-4. The previous service categories such as API CC or CD are obsolete. API solved problems with API CI-4 by creating a separate API CI-4 PLUS category that contains some additional requirements – this marking is located in the lower portion of the API Service Symbol "Donut". API CK-4 and FA-4 have been introduced for 2017 model American engines. API CK-4

SECTION 20

#1732780203159

1628-474: Is sensitive to reducing zinc and phosphorus. For example, in API SG rated oils, this was at the 1200–1300 ppm level for zinc and phosphorus, where the current SM is under 600 ppm. This reduction in anti-wear chemicals in oil has caused premature failures of camshafts and other high pressure bearings in many older automobiles and has been blamed for premature failure of the oil pump drive/cam position sensor gear that

1702-434: Is the quality of the oil used, especially with synthetics (synthetics are more stable than conventional oils). Some manufacturers address this (for example, BMW and VW with their respective long-life standards), while others do not. Time-based intervals account for the short-trip drivers who drive short distances, which build up more contaminants. Manufacturers advise to not exceed their time or distance-driven interval for

1776-423: Is used for the lubrication , cooling, and cleaning of internal combustion engines . Motor oil may be composed of only a lubricant base stock in the case of mostly obsolete non- detergent oil, or a lubricant base stock plus additives to improve the oil's detergency, extreme pressure performance, and ability to inhibit corrosion of engine parts. Groups: Lubricant base stocks are categorized into five groups by

1850-847: The American Petroleum Institute (API), SJ, SL, SM, SN, SP, CH-4, CI-4, CI-4 PLUS, CJ-4, CK, and FA, as well as International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee (ILSAC) GF-3, GF-4, GF-5, GF-6A, GF-6B and Cummins, Mack and John Deere (and other Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM)) requirements. These evaluations include chemical and physical properties using bench test methods as well as actual running engine tests to quantify engine sludge, oxidation, component wear, oil consumption, piston deposits and fuel economy. Originally S for spark ignition and C for compression, as used with diesel engines. Many oil producers still refer these categories in their marketing. The API sets minimum performance standards for lubricants. Motor oil

1924-630: The New York Stock Exchange on September 22, 2016, ahead of Ashland spinning off Valvoline as an independent company on May 5, 2017. On August 1, 2022, Saudi Aramco announced the acquisition of Valvoline's lubricant unit for US$ 2.65   billion. Valvoline is an official recommended fuel and motor oil for all General Motors marquees including Chevrolet , Buick and Cadillac and also all- Honda Motor Company group brands including Honda and Acura for automobiles only as well as Honda for motorcycles only. Valvoline sponsored

1998-627: The Paris Exhibition of 1878 . By the 1890s, Valvoline oil was associated with winning race cars. During the early 20th century, Valvoline was the recommended motor oil for the Ford Model T . In 1949, Ashland Inc. purchased the Freedom-Valvoline Company. By 2016, Ashland's Valvoline subsidiary accounted for about 37% of the parent company's annual revenue. Valvoline completed an initial public offering on

2072-632: The Sydney Speedway and sponsors the Australian Sprintcar Grand Prix . It also sponsored the 1994 Australian Manufacturers' Championship . Since June 2020, Valvoline sponsors La Liga association club Sevilla FC as a global partner, with their logo appearing on the sleeves of match kits. Since July 2023 Valvoline is currently sponsoring the Aston Martin Formula One team as an extension of

2146-400: The crankcase of a vehicle engine, motor oil lubricates rotating or sliding surfaces between the crankshaft journal bearings (main bearings and big-end bearings) and rods connecting the pistons to the crankshaft. The oil collects in an oil pan , or sump , at the bottom of the crankcase. In some small engines such as lawn mower engines, dippers on the bottoms of connecting rods dip into

2220-405: The lubricant (detergents), improves the sealing of piston rings, and cools the engine by carrying heat away from moving parts. In addition to the aforementioned basic constituents, almost all lubricating oils contain corrosion and oxidation inhibitors. Motor oil may be composed of only a lubricant base stock in the case of non- detergent oil, or a lubricant base stock plus additives to improve

2294-501: The lubrication of internal combustion engines . They typically consist of base oils enhanced with various additives, particularly antiwear additives , detergents, dispersants , and, for multi-grade oils, viscosity index improvers . The main function of motor oil is to reduce friction and wear on moving parts and to clean the engine from sludge (one of the functions of dispersants ) and varnish (detergents). It also neutralizes acids that originate from fuel and from oxidation of

Marussia MR03 - Misplaced Pages Continue

2368-419: The oil filter need to be periodically replaced; the process is called an oil change . While there is an entire industry surrounding regular oil changes and maintenance, an oil change is a relatively simple car maintenance operation that many car owners can do themselves. It involves draining the oil from the engine into a drip pan, replacing the filter, and adding fresh oil. However, most localities require that

2442-420: The wearing of the surfaces. Such particles could circulate in the oil and grind against moving parts, causing wear . Because particles accumulate in the oil, it is typically circulated through an oil filter to remove harmful particles. An oil pump , a vane or gear pump powered by the engine, pumps the oil throughout the engine, including the oil filter. Oil filters can be a full flow or bypass type. In

2516-506: The API Service Symbol (also known as the "Donut") with the service categories on containers sold to oil users. The latest API service category is API SP for gasoline automobile and light-truck engines. The SP standard refers to a group of laboratory and engine tests, including the latest series for control of high-temperature deposits. Current API service categories include SP, SN, SM, SL and SJ for gasoline engines. All earlier service categories are obsolete. Motorcycle oils commonly still use

2590-827: The API. Group I base stocks are composed of fractionally distilled petroleum which is further refined with solvent extraction processes to improve certain properties such as oxidation resistance and to remove wax. Poorly refined mineral oils that fail to meet the minimum VI of 80 required in group I fit into Group V. Group II base stocks are composed of fractionally distilled petroleum that has been hydrocracked to further refine and purify it. Group III base stocks have similar characteristics to Group II base stocks, except that Group III base stocks have higher viscosity indexes. Group III base stocks are produced by further hydrocracking of either Group II base stocks or hydroisomerized slack wax (a Group I and II dewaxing process by-product). Group IV base stock are polyalphaolefins (PAOs). Group V

2664-530: The FIA after a hearing, and resolved their software issues in time for the next event . During the Canadian Grand Prix and British Grand Prix , the car received new liveries for use for the remainder of the 2015 season thanks to new sponsors Airbnb and Flex-Box, respectively an accommodation rental company and a shipping and storage container manufacturer and supplier. In addition to the new livery,

2738-771: The MR03 not being fielded at the United States Grand Prix . With the team folding in November 2014, the MR03 did not further participate in the 2014 Formula One season . Following special FIA permission sought by the Manor-Marussia team in February 2015, the car was modified into the MR03B after basic modifications to meet 2015 regulations, pending a new chassis being built – that ultimately never materialised. The revised car differed most notably in

2812-632: The MR03 performed better relative to the opposition. In addition, with this car, Bianchi recorded his and Marussia's first points ever in Formula One at the Monaco Grand Prix . As a result of the serious crash that involved Bianchi at the Japanese Grand Prix  – and which caused his death nine months later – for the subsequent and inaugural Russian Grand Prix the team decided to only race with Chilton. This decision

2886-474: The MR03B also received its first technical updates at the British Grand Prix. At the 2015 United States Grand Prix , the MR03B featured a further revised livery – adding the stars and the stripes from the flag of the United States  – and a new sponsor Coupons.com, which was introduced with Rossi on his third race for the team. Rossi replaced Merhi for five out of the last seven races of

2960-606: The SF/SG standard though. All the current gasoline categories (including the obsolete SH) have placed limitations on the phosphorus content for certain SAE viscosity grades (the xW-20, xW-30) due to the chemical poisoning that phosphorus has on catalytic converters. Phosphorus is a key anti-wear component in motor oil and is usually found in motor oil in the form of zinc dithiophosphate (ZDDP). Each new API category has placed successively lower phosphorus and zinc limits, and thus has created

3034-425: The crankcase. The oil then drips back down into the oil pan. Motor oil may also serve as a cooling agent. In some engines oil is sprayed through a nozzle inside the crankcase onto the piston to provide cooling of specific parts that undergo high-temperature strain. On the other hand, the thermal capacity of the oil pool has to be filled, i.e. the oil has to reach its designed temperature range before it can protect

Marussia MR03 - Misplaced Pages Continue

3108-404: The cylinders. However, in modern designs, there are also passageways through the rods which carry oil from the rod bearings to the rod-piston connections and lubricate the contacting surfaces between the piston rings and interior surfaces of the cylinders . This oil film also serves as a seal between the piston rings and cylinder walls to separate the combustion chamber in the cylinder head from

3182-435: The decision of each engine manufacturer. They cannot be used with diesel fuel containing more than 15 ppm sulfur. Cummins reacted to the introduction of API CK-4 and API FA-4 by issuing its CES 20086 list of API CK-4 registered oils and CES 20087 list of API FA-4 registered oils. Valvoline oils are preferred. While engine oils are formulated to meet a specific API service category, they in fact conform closely enough to both

3256-431: The engine under high load. This typically takes longer than heating the main cooling agent  – water or mixtures thereof – up to its operating temperature. In order to inform the driver about the oil temperature, some older and most high-performance or racing engines feature an oil thermometer . Continued operation of an internal combustion engine without adequate engine oil can cause damage to

3330-428: The engine, first by wear and tear, and in extreme cases by "engine seizure" where the lack of lubrication and cooling causes the engine to cease operation suddenly. Engine seizure can cause extensive damage to the engine mechanisms. An example is lubricating oil for four-stroke or four-cycle internal combustion engines such as those used in portable electricity generators and "walk behind" lawn mowers. Another example

3404-415: The engine, thus increasing wear and the chance of overheating. Reserve alkalinity is the ability of the oil to resist the formation of acids. Should the reserve alkalinity decline to zero, those acids form and corrode the engine. Some engine manufacturers specify which Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) viscosity grade of oil should be used, but different viscosity motor oil may perform better based on

3478-422: The engine. Proper lubrication decreases fuel consumption, decreases wasted power, and increases engine longevity. Lubricating oil creates a separating film between surfaces of adjacent moving parts to minimize direct contact between them, decreasing frictional heat and reducing wear, thus protecting the engine. In use, motor oil transfers heat through conduction as it flows through the engine. In an engine with

3552-721: The gasoline and diesel categories. Thus diesel rated engine oils usually carry the relevant gasoline categories, e.g. an API CJ-4 oil could show either API SL or API SM on the container. The rule is that the first mentioned category is fully met and the second one is fully met except where its requirements clash with the requirements of the first one. The API oil classification structure has eliminated specific support for wet-clutch motorcycle applications in their descriptors, and API SJ and newer oils are referred to be specific to automobile and light truck use. Accordingly, motorcycle oils are subject to their own unique standards. See JASO below. As discussed above, motorcycle oils commonly still use

3626-650: The inventor of a petroleum lubricant for steam engines, founded Valvoline in 1866, in Binghamton, New York , as the "Continuous Oil Refining Company". In 1868, Ellis renamed his Binghamton Cylinder Oil to the more memorable Valvoline. The next year, he moved the Continuous Oil Refining Company to Brooklyn . With his son and son-in-law, Ellis renamed the company to "Ellis & Leonard" and relocated to Shadyside, New Jersey . Valvoline received commendations by Charles F. Chandler and others at

3700-458: The lowest temperature it is expected to experience in order to minimize metal to metal contact between moving parts upon starting up the engine. The pour point defined first this property of motor oil, as defined by ASTM D97 as "...an index of the lowest temperature of its utility..." for a given application, but the cold-cranking simulator (CCS, see ASTM D5293-08) and mini-rotary viscometer (MRV, see ASTM D3829-02(2007), ASTM D4684-08) are today

3774-460: The manufacturer, thicker oils are not necessarily better than thinner oils; heavy oils tend to stick longer to parts between two moving surfaces, and this degrades the oil faster than a lighter oil that flows better, allowing fresh oil in its place sooner. Cold weather has a thickening effect on conventional oil, and this is one reason thinner oils are manufacturer recommended in places with cold winters. Motor oil changes are usually scheduled based on

SECTION 50

#1732780203159

3848-443: The motor oil. Many motor oils also have detergents and dispersants added to help keep the engine clean and minimize oil sludge build-up. The oil is able to trap soot from combustion in itself, rather than leaving it deposited on the internal surfaces. It is a combination of this and some singeing that turns used oil black after some running. Rubbing of metal engine parts inevitably produces some microscopic metallic particles from

3922-438: The nosecone area and had to weigh more, from 691 kg (1,523 lb) to 702 kg (1,548 lb), due to new technical specifications in 2015. The MR03B continued to bear the "#JB17" logo in honour of Bianchi. Will Stevens and Roberto Merhi were contracted to drive, but the late rescue package meant that the car arrived at the opening round of the season without any form of testing. Ultimately, they did not qualify for

3996-425: The obsolescent SF/SG standard. The International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee (ILSAC) also has standards for motor oil. Introduced in 2004, GF-4 applies to SAE 0W-20, 5W-20, 0W-30, 5W-30, and 10W-30 viscosity grade oils. In general, ILSAC works with API in creating the newest gasoline oil specification, with ILSAC adding an extra requirement of fuel economy testing to their specification. For GF-4,

4070-405: The oil at the bottom and splash it around the crankcase as needed to lubricate parts inside. In modern vehicle engines, the oil pump takes oil from the oil pan and sends it through the oil filter into oil galleries, from which the oil lubricates the main bearings holding the crankshaft up at the main journals and camshaft bearings operating the valves. In typical modern vehicles, oil pressure-fed from

4144-429: The oil galleries to the main bearings enters holes in the main journals of the crankshaft. From these holes in the main journals, the oil moves through passageways inside the crankshaft to exit holes in the rod journals to lubricate the rod bearings and connecting rods. Some simpler designs relied on these rapidly moving parts to splash and lubricate the contacting surfaces between the piston rings and interior surfaces of

4218-473: The oil injection system is too expensive for small engines and would take up too much room on the equipment. The oil properties will vary according to the individual needs of these devices. Non-smoking two-stroke oils are composed of esters or polyglycols. Environmental legislation for leisure marine applications, especially in Europe, encouraged the use of ester-based two cycle oil. Most motor oils are made from

4292-417: The oil may be pre-mixed with the gasoline or fuel, often in a rich gasoline: oil ratio of 25:1, 40:1 or 50:1, and burned in use along with the gasoline. Larger two-stroke engines used in boats and motorcycles may have a more economical oil injection system rather than oil pre-mixed into the gasoline. The oil injection system is not used on small engines used in applications like snowblowers and trolling motors as

4366-449: The oil's condition based on the factors which degrade it, such as RPM, temperature, and trip length; one system adds an optical sensor for determining the clarity of the oil in the engine. These systems are commonly known as oil life monitor s or OLMs. Some quick oil change shops recommend intervals of 5,000 kilometres (3,000 mi), or every three months; this is not necessary, according to many automobile manufacturers. This has led to

4440-536: The oil's detergency, extreme pressure performance, and ability to inhibit corrosion of engine parts. Motor oils are blended using base oils composed of petroleum -based hydrocarbons , polyalphaolefins (PAO), or their mixtures in various proportions, sometimes with up to 20% by weight of esters for better dissolution of additives. On 6 September 1866, American John Ellis founded the Continuous Oil Refining Company . While studying

4514-579: The operating environment. Many manufacturers have varying requirements and have designations for motor oil they require to be used. This is driven by the EPA requirement that the same viscosity grade of oil used in the MPG test must be recommended to the customer. This exclusive recommendation led to the elimination of informative charts depicting climate temperature range along with several corresponding oil viscosity grades being suggested. In general, unless specified by

SECTION 60

#1732780203159

4588-399: The part surfaces causing wear . The oil filter removes many of the particles and sludge, but eventually, the oil filter can become clogged, if used for extremely long periods. The motor oil and especially the additives also undergo thermal and mechanical degradation, which reduces the viscosity and reserve alkalinity of the oil. At reduced viscosity, the oil is not as capable of lubricating

4662-571: The possible healing powers of crude oil, Dr. Ellis was disappointed to find no real medicinal value, but was intrigued by its potential lubricating properties. He eventually abandoned the medical practice to devote his time to the development of an all-petroleum, high- viscosity lubricant for steam engines – which at the time were using inefficient combinations of petroleum and animal and vegetable fats. He made his breakthrough when he developed an oil that worked effectively at high temperatures. This meant fewer stuck valves and corroded cylinders. Motor oil

4736-461: The properties required in motor oil specs and define the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) classifications. Oil is largely composed of hydrocarbons which can burn if ignited. Still another important property of motor oil is its flash point , the lowest temperature at which the oil gives off vapors which can ignite. It is dangerous for the oil in a motor to ignite and burn, so a high flash point

4810-516: The race, as they had not participated in qualifying or any session during the weekend. This was due mostly in part to the team's computers being wiped clean of data in the days leading up to the auction; the oversight went completely undetected by the entire team until the days before the Grand Prix when the car was being assembled in Australia. The team was cleared of any malicious wrongdoing by

4884-460: The season, competing in the races that did not clash with his main campaign, in the GP2 Series . ( key ) † Driver failed to finish the race, but was classified as they had completed greater than 90% of the race distance. ‡ Teams and drivers scored double points at the 2014 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix . Valvoline Valvoline Inc. ( / ˈ v æ l v ə l iː n / VAL -və-leen )

4958-404: The team's existing partnership with Aramco, and the partnership will be upgraded to lubricant supply role from 2026 season onwards due to Honda engine direct partnership. This United States manufacturing company–related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Motor oil Motor oil , engine oil , or engine lubricant is any one of various substances used for

5032-478: The time in service is supposed to correlate with the number of vehicle trips and capture the number of heating cycles. Oil does not degrade significantly just sitting in a cold engine. On the other hand, if a car is driven just for very short distances, the oil will not fully heat up, and it will accumulate contaminants such as water, due to lack of sufficient heat to boil off the water. Oil in this condition, just sitting in an engine, can cause problems. Also important

5106-402: The time in service or the distance that the vehicle has traveled. These are rough indications of the real factors that control when an oil change is appropriate, which include how long the oil has been run at elevated temperatures, how many heating cycles the engine has been through, and how hard the engine has worked. The vehicle distance is intended to estimate the time at high temperature, while

5180-492: The top piston ring can expose the motor oil to temperatures of 160 °C (320 °F). In diesel engines, the top ring can expose the oil to temperatures over 315 °C (600 °F). Motor oils with higher viscosity indices thin less at these higher temperatures. Coating metal parts with oil also keeps them from being exposed to oxygen , inhibiting oxidation at elevated operating temperatures preventing rust or corrosion . Corrosion inhibitors may also be added to

5254-680: The use of even lower-viscosity oils without the risk of excessive metal-to-metal abrasion, principally in the cam and valve mechanism areas. In line with car manufacturers push towards these lower viscosities in search of better fuel economy, in April 2013 the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) introduced an SAE 16 viscosity rating, a break from its traditional "divisible by 10" numbering system for its high-temperature viscosity ratings that spanned from low-viscosity SAE 20 to high-viscosity SAE 60. The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) has established

5328-399: The used oil is recycled after an oil change. In engines, there is some exposure of the oil to products of internal combustion, and microscopic coke particles from black soot accumulate in the oil during operation. Also, the rubbing of metal engine parts produces some microscopic metallic particles from the wearing of the surfaces. Such particles could circulate in the oil and grind against

5402-531: Was designed for: cars which typically push their oil temperature consistently above 100 °C (212 °F) are most turbocharged engines, along with most engines of European or Japanese origin, particularly small capacity, high power output. The IIIG test is about 50% more difficult than the previous IIIF test, used in GF-3 and API SL oils. Engine oils bearing the API starburst symbol since 2005 are ILSAC GF-4 compliant. To help consumers recognize that an oil meets

5476-426: Was made after the team's initial registration of their reserve driver, American rookie Alexander Rossi . As a further sign of respect and support, the MR03 featured a "#JB17" livery on the sides of the cockpit, being a reference to Bianchi's initials and race number. After entering into administration in late October 2014, the team did not attend a race event for the first time in its history resulting, therefore, in

#158841