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126-762: The Maryland Terrapins , commonly referred to as the Terps, consist of 19 men's and women's varsity intercollegiate athletic teams that represent the University of Maryland, College Park in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I competition. Maryland was a founding member of the Southern Conference in 1921, a founding member of the Atlantic Coast Conference in 1952, and

252-579: A contract with NBC to televise its home football games for $ 15 million a year through 2025. The average revenue per conference in 1999 was $ 13.5 million. Universities spend a very large amount of money on their college organizations in the facilities, coaches, equipment, and other aspects. In most states, the person with the highest taxpayer-provided base salary is a public college football or basketball coach. This figure does not include coaches at private colleges. By 2015, most Division I schools had established single-source contracts, which supply

378-467: A given season. College athletics has been popular since the 1920s and its popularity has increased as the games are being televised. Also, college sports are important both culturally and economically. Intercollegiate athletics creates a culturally and racially diverse setting for academics and athletics. Economically some schools are benefiting from their athletic programs through ticket sales, merchandise sales, and outside donations. College sports in

504-542: A good choice because of the diamondback terrapins native to the Chesapeake Bay region. Byrd's hometown of Crisfield was famous for the number of terrapins along its shores. The school mascot is an anthropomorphic turtle named "Testudo". The official team colors are red, white, black, and gold, derived from the Maryland state flag . It is the only NCAA school to have four official school colors. On July 1, 2014,

630-476: A historic football rivalry with the neighboring West Virginia Mountaineers . While this has traditionally been a non-conference rivalry, it is usually regarded as a high quality non-conference matchup early in the season. It has historically been very competitive, with the Mountaineers leading the all-time series 28–23–2. Duke Blue Devils The nature of the rivalry between Duke and Maryland is not viewed in

756-504: A larger portion of the student body. Competition between student clubs from different colleges, not organized by and therefore not representing the institutions or their faculties, may also be called "intercollegiate" athletics or simply college sports. Unlike in the rest of the world, in the contemporary United States, many college sports are extremely popular on both regional and national scales, even competing with professional championships for prime-time broadcast , print coverage and for

882-470: A member of the Big Ten Conference since 2014. The nickname was coined in 1932 by Harry C. "Curley" Byrd , then the school's football coach and later the school's president. Previously, Maryland teams were known as the "Old Liners"—a reference to the state's nickname, "The Old Line State". However, the school newspaper, The Diamondback , wanted a better nickname. Byrd thought "Terrapins" was

1008-501: A music venue as long ago as 1956 and holds the Annual College Park Free Blues Festival (11th CPBF is Saturday, November 10, 2018). Duke Ellington performed in 1956, in a Jazz vs. Classics Pop Concert. As reported by The Diamondback, the cost to students to witness this historic concert was only $ 1 (that's just $ 8.72 today with inflation). The floor dimensions are 11,000 ft (1,021.9 m ) with

1134-464: A number of single sport-organizations, including leagues and conferences (see " List of college athletic conferences in the United States "), as well as governing bodies that sponsor collegiate championships (see " Intercollegiate sports team champions "). During the early 1840s, student-athletes contributed actively to all phases of administration and control. Student athletes were involved in

1260-691: A profit around $ 80.5 million. Each year television, advertisements, and licensing revenue also adds to the NCAA profit, but donations, ticket sales, and merchandise sales goes to the school. From marketing and television fees the NCAA gained nearly $ 753.5 million in 2014. In 2010, two of the most profitable college conferences—the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and the Big Ten—earned over $ 1 billion and $ 905 million, respectively. The University of Texas' football program, which

1386-653: A school record. Two-time NCAA champion and two-time Olympian Kerry McCoy was head coach for eleven years until 2019. The XFINITY Center is the arena for the Terrapin Wrestling team. Maryland has had over 200 ACC Champions, 2 NCAA National Champions, and 18 NCAA All-Americans. In 2010 Hudson Taylor became Maryland's first three-time all American with his fourth-place finish at 197 pounds. Spencer Myers became Maryland's first freshman in 2011 when he earned all American status with his sixth-place finish at heavyweight. The first wrestling team started in 1940 competed in

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1512-407: A serious injury while on the field, the scholarship does not pay for the bill of the surgery. Colleges such as University of Connecticut (UConn), Syracuse University , and Kansas State University have some of the worst graduation rates in the country for their student-athletes. UConn had a 25% graduation rate until recently it rose to 50%. Yet, UConn still receives $ 1.4 million competing in

1638-651: A sports journalist who works for ESPN , was formerly a writer for The Washington Post , and owns a home in Bethesda, Maryland, refers to the Duke–Maryland rivalry as "[o]ne of the best rivalries in one of the best basketball leagues in the country." In 2014, the Washington Post produced a short documentary on the peak of the rivalry from 2001 and 2002 which included interviews with Coach Williams and several former players from both teams. Navy Midshipmen While

1764-418: A surface of maple hardwood. The official seating capacity used to be 1,500. There are 1,900 total seats, which includes 600 folding seat-back chairs in the upper mezzanine, 700 pull-out bench seats, and 600 chairs on the floor. Other features are concessions stands on two levels, a ticket booth, and scoreboard. Additional facilities consist of a weight room with free weights and cardiovascular equipment, and

1890-469: A team in each of the three season (i. e., Fall, Winter, Spring). Excluding basketball and football, teams must play 100% of their minimum number of games against Division 1 opponents, and 50% of games above the minimum number must be played against Division I teams. Men's and women's basketball teams must play all but two of their contests against Division 1 opponents, and men must play at least one third of their games in their home arena. In Division I, football

2016-571: A tradition to build excitement for the basketball team's upcoming season. Midnight Madness has been adopted by many national programs such as UNC, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan State and Duke. In 1972, Maryland defeated Niagara , 100–69, to secure the National Invitation Tournament championship. Driesell said that the season attained the three goals he had set for the program at the time of his hiring: "national prominence", "national ranking", and "a national championship". In

2142-590: A two-tiered system. The first tier includes the sports that are sanctioned by one of the collegiate sports governing bodies. The major sanctioning organizations include the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) and the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA). Individual sports not governed by umbrella organizations like

2268-581: A women's division in 1975. In the early 1980s, the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics and the National Collegiate Athletic Association began sponsoring intercollegiate championships for women, and, following one year of direct rivalry in the form of competing championship events, the AIAW discontinued operation after the 1981–82 season. Title IX has had a considerable impact on college athletics. Since its passing, Title IX has allowed for female participation to almost double in college sports. Before

2394-644: Is Julie Wright . Prior to joining the Big Ten in 2014, the Terrapins wrestling team won more ACC team championships than any other school in the conference, winning their 24th ACC title in 2012. The 2012 ACC championship is the Terps' fourth in the past five years. Maryland has finished in the top 20 at the NCAA Championships each year since the 2010 season and produced multiple all Americans since 2009,

2520-503: Is among the most accomplished field hockey programs in the country, and have won a total of eight NCAA national championships and 16 conference championships (10 in the ACC and 6 in the Big Ten). An unofficial football team composed of Maryland Agricultural College students played games against local high schools in 1890 and 1891. The following year, the school lent its support, which marked

2646-460: Is cross country (with 2,065 NCAA teams) and baseball/softball is third (1,952). Principles for intercollegiate athletics include "gender equity, sportsmanship, and ethical conduct, sound academic standards, nondiscrimination, diversity within governance, rules compliance, amateurism, competitive equity, recruiting, eligibility, financial aid, playing and practice seasons, postseason competition and contests sponsored by noncollegiate organizations, and

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2772-522: Is further sectioned into FBS ( NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ), and FCS ( Football Championship Subdivision ). FBS schools must play at least 60% of their games against other FBS opponents, and demonstrate their ability to attract a high level of spectatorship." Additionally, college football bowl eligibility rules mandate that only one win over an FCS team can be counted toward the six required for eligibility; this in turn means that FBS teams typically schedule at most one game against an FCS team in

2898-676: Is generally seen as a substantial roadblock, only because of the differences between big-time men's sports (football/men's basketball) and women's sports, but also because of the gap between those "big two" sports' profit-producing programs and virtually all other collegiate sports, both male and female. Depending on how one views "pay for play," this can be either a positive of negative effect of Title IX. Increases in opportunities for male coaches, however, have resulted from Title IX legislation. Before Title IX, 90 percent of women's intercollegiate teams were coached by women. By 1978, when all educational institutions were required to comply with Title IX,

3024-455: Is given directly to the players. Collegiate athletics entails time-consuming, intense commitment to practice and play. Only some athletic scholarships are "full rides", and many student-athletes are not able to afford dining, entertainment, and even some educational expenses. Outside of summertime, when work is permitted, student-athletes have no extra time for work in addition to practice, training, and classes. Paying student-athletes would give

3150-474: Is not a career or profession, paying college athletes would present issues under Title IX, which requires that institutions accepting federal funds offer equal opportunities to men and women." About one in ten college teams help to generate a large net amount of revenue for their school, but the athletes are not personally rewarded for their contribution. This money is spread through administrators, athletic directors, coaches, media outlets, and other parties. None

3276-492: Is on defense. Fist Pump At the beginning of each men's basketball game during his tenure, Maryland Coach Gary Williams would pump his fist to signify a good game. Midnight Madness Midnight Madness was originally started by Maryland Head Coach Lefty Driesell in 1970. Midnight Madness is held at the earliest time the Men's Basketball Team can practice, which used to be midnight on the first day of practice. Students would attend

3402-577: Is ridiculous." Mote further stated that students from the state of Maryland paying a higher tuition cost to attend the University of Virginia "don't know any better." While the University of Virginia president , John Casteen , said such remarks can be taken out of context, Virginia board of visitors member, William H. Goodwin, responded in The Cavalier Daily , "I certainly think a college president should have more class, but you have to expect that from Maryland." The rivalry has cooled since

3528-535: Is the best ever for a Maryland coach. Gary Williams became head coach in 1989, bringing Maryland back to national prominence following difficult years. By March 2010, Williams was the fifth-winningest active coach in the country and the third-winningest coach all-time in the ACC (behind only Dean Smith and Mike Krzyzewski ). In 2002, Williams led the Terrapins to the program's first national championship, defeating Indiana, 64–52. Williams retired in May 2011 and Mark Turgeon

3654-460: The 1974 ACC men's basketball tournament , Maryland was defeated by North Carolina State University in overtime, 103–100. Many consider it to be one of the greatest college basketball games of all time. North Carolina State University eventually went on to win the 1974 National Championship. Maryland finished No. 4 in the final Associated Press poll that season, prompting the NCAA to make a landmark decision in 1975. The NCAA tournament committee expanded

3780-462: The Atlantic Coast Conference in 1953, basketball games routinely attracted capacity crowds to Ritchie Coliseum. Newspapers quoted football coach Jim Tatum as saying basketball games were always sold out and it was impossible to get tickets. Millikan later said that this was the only thing Tatum ever did to anger him. Millikan said that he told Tatum, "I thought we should be getting students standing in line from Baltimore to D.C. , trying to get into

3906-518: The Maryland Terrapins from 1969 to 1986. During his tenure, he successfully recruited numerous exceptional players, including Tom McMillen , Len Elmore , John Lucas , Albert King , Buck Williams , and Len Bias . At Maryland, Driesell began the now nationwide tradition of Midnight Madness . According to longstanding NCAA rules, college basketball teams were not permitted to begin practices until October 15. Driesell traditionally began

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4032-510: The Southern Conference . Defensive point guard Gene Shue averaged 22 points per game and his scoring record stood for two decades. In 1955, the small Ritchie Coliseum was replaced by ; games were moved to the larger Cole Field House , centrally located on campus, and when Maryland became a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), the fanbase rapidly expanded. Millikan's tenure culminated in 1958 when Maryland won its first Atlantic Coast Conference tournament championship and advanced to

4158-735: The United States Figure Skating Association . The Maryland Terrapins Black are the reigning 2018 Eastern Sectional Champions Archived February 15, 2018, at the Wayback Machine in the Open Collegiate division Skaters from across the three teams have, by invitation, performed demonstrations for a variety of publications, most recently being featured in the Washington Post : ter.ps/FigSkateWaPo . The Maryland Terrapins rugby team

4284-565: The national intercollegiate championship in Sacramento, California . After he took over in 1950, basketball coach Bud Millikan said the boxing doubleheader events were indicative of the sad state of Maryland athletics, and put an end to them early in his tenure. He also complained the facility had no ball racks, with basketballs stored in duct-taped cardboard boxes instead, and that the team had played in high school arenas that were more adequate than Ritchie Coliseum. When Maryland joined

4410-427: The university president from 1936 to 1953, began his playing career on the team in 1905. In 1911, Byrd was appointed as the head football coach, and he served in that position through 1934. During his tenure, Byrd was instrumental in growing support of the program, and in 1915 successfully requisitioned funding for the school's first stadium . In his position as university president, he was also responsible for building

4536-520: The 1920s–1950s there was still not much regulation of sports and the NCAA created the Committee on Infractions to replace the Sanity Code in 1951. This committee was created to give some structure to the recruitment process. The NCAA also wanted to improve competition between schools, so it began dividing schools into divisions by competitive ability in 1956, placing the most competitive programs in

4662-400: The 1980s and 90s college athletics grew along with the revenue because of the game being shown on television. As of the 2017–18 school year, nearly 500,000 students participated in college athletics. There are large amounts of money gained from Division I athletics, but only a small number of schools benefits from their programs. During 2014 the NCAA earned $ 989 million in revenue, with

4788-438: The 2022–23 season, a 4–0 start that included an upset of Pittsburgh gave the Terrapins their first win against a ranked opponent and national ranking for the first time since 2013, when Maryland was in the ACC. The Maryland Figure Skating Club began at UMD in 2004 and became a club sport in 2007. The club comprises three teams: a freestyle team and two synchronized skating teams. All teams compete in and out of region through

4914-481: The 21st century, the high, rising income paid to some colleges by the media for transmitting games to their television audiences, has led some people to complain that the athletes should share in the colleges income. There are arguments in favor of paying athletes. A few schools benefit from owning their own networks. The University of Texas owns The Longhorn Network and Brigham Young University owns BYUtv. Paying college athletes would present several legal issues for

5040-411: The ACC throughout the 1950s and 1960s and returned to claim two more conference titles in the late 2000s. However, in its first season in the Big Ten, Maryland failed to win a Big Ten dual meet. After 13 tries, Maryland finally won its first Big Ten dual meet January 10, 2016, against Michigan State . In April 2019, former Edinboro wrestler and Missouri assistant Alex Clemsen was named head coach. During

5166-560: The Atlantic Coast Conference with a black player. Jerry Claiborne became head coach in 1972, and led Maryland to three consecutive ACC championships from 1974 to 1976. The Terrapins finished the 1976 regular season with an undefeated 11–0 record, but lost to Houston in the Cotton Bowl Classic , which ended national championship speculation. Bobby Ross replaced Claiborne in 1982, and he repeated

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5292-610: The College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) took place on November 6, 1869, at College Field (now the site of the College Avenue Gymnasium at Rutgers University) in New Brunswick, New Jersey. In addition to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), there are other collegiate multi-sport athletic organizations, some of which also have hundreds of member schools. These include: There are

5418-589: The Elite Eight in the NCAA tournament . In 1969, Lefty Driesell was hired by the University of Maryland . Drisell led the Terrapins to eight NCAA Tournament appearances, a National Invitation Tournament championship, two Atlantic Coast Conference regular-season championships, and one Atlantic Coast Conference tournament championship. Maryland also attained a No. 2 Associated Press ranking during four consecutive seasons from 1972 to 1976. Driesell coached

5544-460: The MARYLAND. The motion resembles someone climbing a ladder. Alma Mater & Fight Song Other official school songs include the school's Alma Mater and Fight Song. Each of these are played at every home football game during the pregame festivities. "Hey, You Suck!" A popular saying among the students at Maryland is a simple "Hey, You Suck!" directed at opponents. Students have incorporated

5670-626: The NCAA National Championship. In the ACC , Maryland was regularly a threat to win regular season and conference tournament championships, doing so on five and ten occasions, respectively. Since joining the Big Ten in the 2014–2015 season, Maryland has featured in every Big Ten tournament Championship game (as of 2021), winning five titles, and has won six of seven regular season championships. The Maryland Terrapins field hockey team

5796-484: The NCAA and its member institutions. If paid, the athletes would lose their amateur status and become university employees. As employees, these athletes would be entitled the National Labor Relations Act to form or join labor organizations and collectively bargain . Advocacy groups for college players could certify as a union given the revenue involved in college athletics." Collegiate sports

5922-516: The NCAA for accepting free tattoos and selling memorabilia they had earned. However, there are many that argue that student athletes selling of personal and earned memorabilia is their right, with gray-areas where which the NCAA has a hard time justifying their punishments. After a number of efforts to go to trial against the NCAA's incoming revenue, a court date has been set. Former UCLA Bruin Ed O'Bannon along with Oscar Robertson and Bill Russell lead

6048-628: The NCAA tournament, despite the low number of graduates. Paying these athletes would give some incentive to stay and finish college. In 2013, Steve Spurrier , the head football coach of the South Carolina Gamecocks , said that all 28 men's football and basketball coaches in South Carolina's conference, the SEC, favored paying athletes up to $ 300 per game for football players and a little less for basketball players. It would cost

6174-705: The NCAA, NAIA, and NJCAA are overseen by their own organizations, such as the Inter-Collegiate Sailing Association , National Collegiate Boxing Association , USA Rugby , American College Cricket , National Collegiate Roller Hockey Association and Intercollegiate Rowing Association . Additionally, the first tier is characterized by selective participation since only the elite programs in their sport are able to participate; some colleges offer athletic scholarships to intercollegiate sports competitors. The second tier includes all intramural and recreational sports clubs, which are available to

6300-452: The NCAA, argued that the players should be able to unionize and bargain collectively. The court ruled in the players favor. The court's decision only applied to those football players at Northwestern on a scholarship. Required football practice and playing had reduced the time students could use to pursue their studies. Former player Kain Colter argued that athletic departments should decrease

6426-410: The SEC about $ 280,000 per year. Jalen Rose has a similar view to Spurrier's, as he believes that student athletes should be given a stipend of $ 2500 per semester. The College Athletes Players Association (CAPA) focuses on the idea of giving compensation to football and basketball players. The CACA has not decided if this will affect sports that do not make money for schools. The NCAA has rejected

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6552-527: The Southern Conference, with Paul McNeil becoming the Terps' first champion that same year at 175 pounds. In 2014, Jimmy Sheptock had one of the greatest runs in Maryland wrestling history, with a 32–1 record, ACC Championship, and the first Maryland wrestler to obtain a number one seed at the NCAA Championships, where he was runner-up to Ed Ruth . The Maryland wrestling team was dominant in

6678-670: The Southern Conference. As a result of a committee's recommendation to cut athletics costs, funding for eight teams was eliminated on November 21, 2011, a move supported by University President Wallace Loh. However, the president also showed support for a "Save the Programs Campaign", which gave the teams a chance to raise eight years of total program costs by June 30, 2012. The affected teams were men's cross country, indoor track, and outdoor track, men's swimming and diving, men's tennis, women's acrobatics and tumbling, women's swimming and diving, and women's water polo. On July 1, 2012,

6804-488: The Terps score, regardless of whether the team is winning or losing, celebrating the immediate victory of accomplishment. Ironically, the "Victory" song is played even after defeat. During the M-A-R-Y-L-A-N-D section of the victory song, Terrapins fans show their clenched fists, and alternate pumping them in the air, beginning with their right fist on the "M" and alternating between left and right with each letter of

6930-469: The Terrapins became members of the Big Ten Conference following 62 years of membership in the Atlantic Coast Conference . The university currently sponsors varsity athletic teams in 20 men's and women's sports, which compete at the NCAA Division I level. The University of Maryland, College Park was established in 1856 as Maryland Agricultural College. Baseball and football were played on

7056-570: The Terrapins joined the Big Ten, but the schools have still met occasionally. The two schools have met in the ACC-Big Ten Challenge in men's basketball and at Audi Field for men's soccer in 2018 and 2019. Virginia eliminated Maryland in the NCAA baseball (2015) and men's lacrosse tournaments (2019), en route to Cavalier titles, which has deepened the animosity between the two schools. The football programs are set to meet again in 2023 and 2024. West Virginia Mountaineers Maryland has

7182-492: The U.S. took place on November 6, 1869, in New Brunswick, New Jersey , when clubs from Princeton and Rutgers played under rules modified from those of association football. The first intercollegiate rugby game took place on May 15, 1874, at Cambridge, Massachusetts , when Harvard played against McGill University. The first intercollegiate football game between teams from Rutgers College (now Rutgers University) and

7308-733: The United States is measured by the large number of universities that participate in more than 24 different NCAA sports. This allows more than 460,000 student-athletes, both male and female, to participate in those NCAA sports. Even in the late 1980s, the average Division I program employed over 75 coaches, trainers, and administrative staff as full-time faculty to support their athletic programs. NCAA Division I, II and NAIA schools offer scholarships to well over 200,000 athletes. Every year these D-I, D-II, NAIA schools spend over $ 4 billion in athletic-scholarships. American college sports are popular worldwide with over 20,000 international athletes participating in college athletics. Another reason for

7434-775: The University Division and all others in the College Division. In 1973, the University Division was renamed Division I , and the College Division was split in two on the basis of scholarship policies. College Division schools that wished to continue offering athletic scholarships, or compete in all sports against such schools, were placed in Division II or in the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics . Schools that chose not to award athletic scholarships were placed in Division III . Throughout

7560-424: The athletes an incentive to stay in school and complete their degree programs, rather than leave early for the professional leagues. They would be much less tempted to earn money by taking illegal payments and shaving points. By not paying their athletes, colleges avoid paying workmen's-compensation benefits to the "hundreds" of college athletes incapacitated by injuries each year. Furthermore, if an athlete receives

7686-560: The athletic scholarship and transfer rules, prohibitions against agents, limits on due process, failure to deliver on the promise to educate, the unobstructed selling of athlete images, and the like are tools of exploitation that benefit college sport leaders while oppressing those who perform on the field. Because of their demanding schedules, most athletes have no time to make any additional money, making it difficult to help support needy family members. In 2010 ESPN published an article about Ohio State football players that had been sanctioned by

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7812-596: The campus as early as the Civil War era. It was renamed Maryland State College in 1916, and in 1920, merged with the state's professional schools in Baltimore to become the University of Maryland. Between 1921 and 1953, the university was a member of the Southern Conference . Longstanding tensions within the Southern Conference culminated in 1951, when it passed a ban on participation in bowl games midway through

7938-467: The campus. For 26 years at Ritchie Coliseum, basketball games were held immediately before or after boxing matches. During the 1930s, boxing was the most popular sport at Maryland and bouts often drew crowds of as many as 6,000, far exceeding the facility's capacity. In 1937, Ritchie Coliseum hosted the Southern Conference boxing tournament, which the undefeated Maryland team won. Terrapins pugilists Ben Alperstein and Tom Birmingham went on to compete in

8064-405: The cost of attendance. This would scrap the injunction found by U.S. District Court Judge Claudia Wilken that division one football and basketball players could receive up to five thousand dollars a year for playing. The Supreme Court would deny to hear the case on appeal, effectively stopping O'Bannon's fight. In a 2014 court case brought by a few Northwestern University football players against

8190-516: The crowd sings the song a cappella. An alternative version, which grew out of the Duke-Maryland basketball rivalry , replaces the phrase "You Suck" with "Fuck Duke". The band returned to playing the song in the early 2020s. Key Plays At football games, in addition to making noise to throw off the opposing team's offense, Terp fans will also shake their keys to signify urgency ("Key" Plays). This often happens during 3rd down plays when Maryland

8316-405: The damn games. Please don't tell people the games are sold out." In 1972, Title IX was enacted and the women's basketball team was formed. With a requirement for equal facilities, the university offered to make Ritchie Coliseum a dedicated arena for the women. Head coach Chris Weller rejected this, wanting instead to use the same facility as the men's team, Cole Field House . The building

8442-400: The definition of student-athletes a "employees". Several college athletes have been accused of financial improprieties, including Reggie Bush , Cam Newton , and Johnny Manziel . A USA Today article takes issue with the critics because the terms had been drawn up by the colleges: For college athletes to be held to the terms and conditions of a one-year scholarship that have been set by

8568-434: The different measures of excellence for academics and athletics necessitates compromise by those who are placed in both settings." This policy, attempted by a large number of colleges, works for only a few. College administrators have the challenge of balancing university values while maximizing the revenue generated by their athletic department. To maintain financial sustainability, several athletic directors have stated that

8694-684: The distribution of college athletes by sex since its passing in 1972. The law states that: No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance ... In 1975, the final clause of Title IX was signed into law and included provisions prohibiting sex discrimination in athletics. The regulations pertaining to athletics require that an institution which sponsors interscholastic, intercollegiate, club or intramural athletics shall provide "equal athletic opportunity" for members of both sexes. Since

8820-410: The distribution of free allocations to athletics. Furthermore, this movement today focuses on the role of intercollegiate sports in the United States rather than the contributions of the student athlete. Academic curriculum and requirements affect student athletes: "When academic and athletic departments have conflicting aims, problems arise that affect the entire institution. American society values

8946-443: The economy of athletic program operations to ensure fair play and equality throughout all college athletic programs and associations." The first organized college sports club was formed in 1843 when Yale University created a boat club. Harvard University then followed in their footsteps, creating a similar boat club a year later. These boat clubs participated in rowing races called Regattas. The creation of these organizations set

9072-419: The elimination of men's nonrevenue programs is the only way to balance their athletic budgets. Men's nonrevenue sport teams will likely be facing declining financial support in future generations. " Division I institutions are required to have seven athletic teams for men and seven for women (or six for men and eighth for women). As well, there must be two team sports for each gender, and each gender must have

9198-514: The elitism of academics and athletics in a manner that provokes conflict for participants in both domains. At various colleges, it is believed that academic elitism can be constructed on athletic elitism: Athletic teams aspire to be national champions, while their affiliate academic institutions seek national rankings. However, the means by which coaches and faculty achieve national reputations can create conflict for student athletes attempting to exist in both environments. Although both aspire to excel,

9324-418: The equity between male and female student athletes. Females, regardless of whether an administrator, coach, or athlete, thought there to be less equity than males when it comes to these five factors: program support, financial support, sports offerings, scheduling, and changes in the past two to three years. In regards to the concept of "pay-for-play," (see section below, "Debate over paying athletes") Title IX

9450-667: The feat of three consecutive ACC championships from 1983 to 1985. In 1984, Maryland quarterback Frank Reich led the Terrapins to the then greatest halftime comeback against the defending national champions, Miami . After a long bowl game drought, Ralph Friedgen was hired as head coach in 2001, and in his first season, led Maryland to the ACC championship and its first Bowl Championship Series game appearance. The football program has secured two NCAA-recognized national championships , nine ACC championships , two Southern Conference championships , eleven consensus All-America honors , and twenty-four bowl game appearances. Maryland possesses

9576-420: The field from 32 to 48 teams, which opened the door for more than one team from a conference. In 1984, Driesell led the team to the school's second ACC Tournament Championship. In December 1985, the university gave Driesell a ten-year contract extension. Earlier that same year, Driesell was made an Honorary M Club member. He ended his career at Maryland with a 348–159 overall record. His winning percentage of .686

9702-535: The first official intercollegiate baseball league was formed. The first intercollegiate cricket match took place in 1860 between Franklin & Marshall College and Millersville State Normal School . Track and field also grew in popularity during this time, and the first intercollegiate track and field event occurred in 1873. This competition featured a two-mile race between athletes from Amherst College, Cornell University , and McGill University of Montreal , Quebec, Canada. The first intercollegiate soccer match in

9828-400: The first practice with a requirement that his players run one mile in six minutes, but found that the players were too fatigued to practice effectively immediately afterwards. At 12:03 a.m. on October 15, 1971, Driesell held a one-mile run at the track around Byrd Stadium , where a crowd of 1,000 fans had gathered after learning of the unorthodox practice session. The event soon became

9954-446: The football season. At the end of the regular season, both Maryland and Clemson were invited and accepted invitations to postseason bowl games. The Southern Conference sanctioned the two schools with a one-year probation in which they could not schedule any football games against conference opponents. On May 8, 1953, Maryland became a founding member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) when it and six other schools voted to split from

10080-592: The guidance of head coach Sasho Cirovski , the soccer team has reached nine Final Fours and won three College Cups since 1997. The soccer team has developed a large, devoted fan base among students and the local community. The attendance record at Ludwig Field was set in 2015 when 8,449 fans saw Maryland win over top-ranked UCLA in extra time. The annual total attendance increased dramatically from 12,710 in 1995 to 35,631 in 2008. The Terrapins softball team began play in 1995. The team has made four NCAA Tournament appearances in 1999, 2010, 2011, and 2012. The current head coach

10206-439: The importance of college athletics in the U.S. is the important role it plays in the hierarchy of sport organizations. In his article about collegiate sports programs, Thomas Rosandich refers to a "performance pyramid", which shows the general progression of athletic organizations in the United States. At the bottom of this pyramid is youth sports organizations, since these organizations have participation open to nearly everyone. As

10332-518: The importance of the rivalry by stating, "It's a potential rivalry in every sport we play. They're border states. We compete for students, not just athletes." The two are both long-time members of the Atlantic Coast Conference , with Maryland becoming a founding member in 1953 and Virginia joining later in that same year. When the conference reorganized in 2005, Maryland and Virginia were placed in separate divisions, but designated as cross-divisional rivals that continue to meet annually. The intensity of

10458-406: The increase in student debt and limited academic budgets. As of 2016 only 23 out of 228 Division I programs earned enough money to make up for their extreme spending. Due to donations, 16 of the 23 schools were able to cover their expenses, so truly only 7 of the 228 universities broke even due to their athletic programs. For the other 203 schools that did not break even, they are partially funded by

10584-429: The law was passed in 1972 fewer than 30,000 girls participated in college sports; as of 2011 more than 200,000 girls participated in college sports. Title IX has been both credited with and blamed for a lot of things that have happened in college athletics since 1972. Studies on the gender equity of sports found on college campuses have provided an examination of how Title IX is perceived. Questions have been raised over

10710-440: The lawsuit . The trial is scheduled to begin during the summer of 2014. Although the NCAA claims that their athletes have amateur status , the organization has made billions of dollars off of merchandise licenses . The NCAA has earned billions from broadcast revenues annually. By selling the image of their players, the NCAA is able to make money from each sport. O'Bannon has stated that some of this revenue should be spread out among

10836-478: The matchup with Penn State has been traditionally one-sided in favor of the Nittany Lions and the series with Rutgers is still relatively new, either school could end up becoming a rival due to proximity. Victory Song The Maryland Victory Song was written in 1928 by Thornton W. Allen. It is played frequently during Terp Basketball and Football games. During Football games, it is played after every touchdown

10962-409: The maximum number of hours a player must participate in a sport to remain part of the team and retain a scholarship. As it stands, 50 hours a week is the maximum. On June 21, 2021, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously ruled that the NCAA cannot bar relatively modest payments to student athletes. Ritchie Coliseum Ritchie Coliseum, named after then Maryland governor Albert Cabell Ritchie ,

11088-617: The most of any program in the nation. The team has produced the National Player of the Year/ Tewaaraton Award winner eight times, more than any other collegiate program. The Terrapins have also made the most NCAA tournament appearances, won the most tournament games, and made the most NCAA championship game appearances of any program. The Maryland Terrapins men's soccer team has won four NCAA Division I College Cup national championships, most recently in 2018. Under

11214-592: The official establishment of the Maryland football program in 1892. The football team has continued to the present day with the exception of a brief hiatus in 1895. In 1894, former Maryland coach and player William W. Skinner spearheaded the formation of the Maryland Intercollegiate Football Association , which served to award the state football championship. Maryland hired D. John Markey as its first paid football coach in 1902. H. C. "Curley" Byrd , who eventually served as

11340-474: The outcome. Famously, one fan threw a bottle and hit Carlos Boozer's mother in her head after Duke's remarkable comeback from a 10-point deficit in the final minute to beat Maryland, requiring the University of Maryland to issue a public apology. One year, most fans in the student section right behind the basket had to leave or turn their t-shirts inside-out because they had a FCC-banned explicative ("F**K DUKE") that could not be shown on television. Michael Wilbon ,

11466-562: The passing of Title IX, many NCAA institutions have had problems with the compliance of these regulations. To successfully comply with Title IX requirements, NCAA institutions must meet one of the requirements in the "three prong test" as follows: OCR (Office of Civil Rights) is one of the governing bodies that attempts to ensure that title IX is enforced. They have the power to pull federal funding from schools or organizations that are found to be noncompliant with title IX, although this power has never been exercised. The OCR will usually work with

11592-408: The percentage of same-sex coaching had plunged to 58 percent. Although the actual number of female coaches increased between 1979 and 1986, the percentage of female coaches continued to decline over that same period. The all-time low of 47 percent of women coaching female sports was achieved in 1990. In addition, although men have broken into coaching female athletes, female coaches have not experienced

11718-452: The phrase into Gary Glitter 's popular sports anthem " Rock and Roll Part Two " (often referred to as the "Hey Song"). Sometime in the early 2000s, then-football coach Ralph Friedgen asked that the song not be played at football games. Friedgen had never liked hearing the song since his return to College Park in 2001, and added that it hurt his recruiting efforts. In 2004, basketball coach Gary Williams followed Friedgen's lead and asked that

11844-515: The players who help bring in this cash to the NCAA. ESPN analyst Jay Bilas showed how a person could search the NCAA website by player name and have the resulting school jersey appear. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit would find that Ed O'Bannon was right in his thesis that the NCAA is taking advantage of a players image. Though the court found this ruling, all that would come of it would be that schools would only have to cover

11970-546: The practice and over the years it has evolved into a circus-like atmosphere, including light shows, magic shows, the mascot trampoline challenge, skits, food, beverage, and other fanfare. College sports in the United States College athletics in the United States or college sports in the United States refers primarily to sports and athletic training and competition organized and funded by institutions of tertiary education (universities and colleges) in

12096-416: The pyramid progresses, the level of competition increases, while the number of competitors decreases until the highest level of organized sport, professional sports, is reached. In many respects, the intercollegiate sports level serves as a feeder system to the professional level, as the elite college athletes are chosen to compete at the next level. This system differs greatly from nearly all other countries in

12222-480: The rivalry is increased by a long history in the series of comebacks, shutouts, and spoilers that prevented one team from securing a conference championship or bowl game appearance. From the 1920s until 1945, the teams competed for the Tydings Trophy, named for former politician and Maryland alum Millard Tydings who had several friends amongst the professors at Virginia. In 2003, the schools discussed reviving

12348-589: The rivalry. The two states, and their eponymous flagship universities based in Charlottesville, Virginia and College Park, Maryland , respectively, share close historical and cultural ties. The schools are located in relatively close geographic proximity, separated by about 129 miles (208 km). Due in large part to this proximity, the schools aggressively compete for recruits in the Mid-Atlantic region. Former Maryland coach Ralph Friedgen expressed

12474-613: The same manner by the schools' respective fans. While the Duke–UNC rivalry originated from geographic proximity and shared history, Duke fans do not view Maryland as a rival. However, several former Duke players have cited Maryland as the team against whom they played their most exciting games. Maryland fans traditionally see the Duke game as the biggest game of the year. Maryland fans have rioted in College Park after home games, regardless of

12600-497: The same opportunities to coach male athletes. In 1972, 99 percent of collegiate men's teams were coached by men, and the same is true today. Since the turn of the 21st century, a debate has arisen over whether college athletes should be paid. Although the earliest of star athletes were known to have received a variety of types of compensation (including endorsement fees), benefits to college athletes outside of academic scholarships have largely been prohibited under NCAA governance. In

12726-558: The school or organization that is noncompliant to set up a schedule or plan to follow to become compliant. Research concerning Title IX institutional compliance and gender equity issues has found that: The Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) was founded in 1971, evolving out of the Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics for Women founded in 1967. In its peak, the AIAW had almost 1,000 member schools. The National Junior College Athletic Association established

12852-416: The school's current football facility, Maryland Stadium . In 1945, Paul "Bear" Bryant began his long and distinguished career as a head football coach at the University of Maryland. The following year, he was replaced by Jim Tatum , a pioneer of the split T . Maryland football achieved its greatest success under Tatum , who compiled a 73–15–4 record without a single losing season, and to date, he remains

12978-538: The semifinals of the 2012 ACI 7s tournament in Blacksburg. Virginia Cavaliers Given their proximity and history in the Atlantic Coast Conference , there has been a longstanding multi-sport border rivalry with the Virginia Cavaliers . Matchups in men's basketball, football, soccer, and lacrosse have historically been the hottest matchups in the rivalry. Several factors contribute to the intensity of

13104-449: The song not be played at basketball games either. While he personally liked the song, he'd come to believe that it didn't help his team win games. More importantly for Williams, he'd received a number of complaints from parents and grandparents who did not feel that the chant was appropriate. However, the students have continued to sing the song without the band's support. Before each basketball game and after every touchdown at football games,

13230-418: The sporting process, made athletic procedures and regulations for universities and also played an important role in determining which sporting events would and would not happen on universities. Today, the kind of involvement on the part of the athlete is virtually unheard of, with the only remnants of student participation in athlete administration being programs in which student governments have some control over

13356-404: The stage for the first intercollegiate sporting event in the U.S. This event took place in 1852, when the rowing team from Yale competed against the rowing team from Harvard at Lake Winnipesaukee , New Hampshire . This marked the beginning of intercollegiate competition and followed by the creation of numerous college athletic organizations. This historic race sparked the venerable rivalry between

13482-615: The state or student fees. Most of the money that is being spent is used to pay the coaching staff, for the games, and the top-of-the-line facilities. The amount spent on an athlete is seven times more than the average amount spent per student. At big Division I programs, the amount of money that is spent on a football player exceeds $ 90,000. Title IX (of the Education Amendments of 1972 ) — which requires gender equity for boys and girls in every educational program that receives federal funding – has specifically made an impact on

13608-430: The third-most ACC championships with nine, which places them behind Clemson (13) and Florida State (12). Many former Terrapins players and coaches have gone on to careers in professional football including 15 first-round NFL Draft picks. The Terrapins men's lacrosse team is one of the most tradition-rich in all of collegiate lacrosse, having advanced to 14 NCAA Championship games since its inception in 1971, winning

13734-539: The title in 1973, 1975, and 2017. The Terrapins' lacrosse tradition traces back even further with eight Wingate Memorial Trophies between 1936 and 1970. As members of the Atlantic Coast Conference, the school won a record league-record 25 championships. Since joining the Big Ten Conference in 2014, Maryland has won five Big Ten championships and three Big Ten tournament championships. The Maryland Terrapins women's lacrosse team has won 15 national championships,

13860-453: The top athletes. The average university sponsors at least twenty different sports and offers a wide variety of intramural sports as well. In 2002, in total, about 400,000 men and women student athletes participated in sanctioned athletics each year. The largest collegiate sanctioning organization is the NCAA, and the sport that most schools participate in is basketball, with 2,197 men's and women's basketball teams at all levels. A close second

13986-494: The trophy tradition, but it was ultimately rejected by Virginia, due to concerns over the reorganization of the ACC. Before and after their meeting in 2010, players from both schools attributed the importance of the game to the negative feelings the programs have for each other. Virginia center Anthony Mihota said "I guess it's because we don't like them very much. Something about them that gets under our skin". After Maryland's victory, Terp linebacker Adrian Moten commented, "This

14112-621: The two schools, and the Yale-Harvard Regatta is considered the cornerstone of intercollegiate athletic competition in the United States. In the late 2010s, bat and ball games had started to become highly known and the sport of baseball was starting to become an establishment at U.S. universities. The first intercollegiate baseball game took place in 1859 between Amherst College and Williams College . The popularity of collegiate baseball increased from this point, and by 1870, college teams were playing extensive schedules. In 1879,

14238-492: The two teams have only met 21 times, Maryland and Navy are the state's only two FBS Football playing programs and have irregularly played in a matchup dubbed the Crab Bowl Classic . The Midshipmen lead the all-time football series 14–7. Potential Big Ten Rivalries Since joining the Big Ten, there has been the potential for rivalries to develop with Penn State and Rutgers , two schools in neighboring states. While

14364-459: The university officially cut seven of those teams. The men's outdoor track team raised $ 888,000 of a target amount of $ 940,000, which was deemed sufficient to avoid elimination. On November 19, 2012, the University of Maryland's Board of Regents voted to withdraw from the ACC to join the Big Ten Conference effective July 1, 2014. The University of Maryland currently offers 20  varsity teams : 8 men's and 12 women's. Burton Shipley

14490-481: The university with apparel for all athletic programs, sometimes including cheerleading squads and dance teams, which compete outside the NCAA structure. The contract deal made college history when the University of Michigan and Nike made a 11-year contract deal for almost $ 200 million. Many athletic programs do not make enough money to cover the cost to maintain those programs, so they use student fees to fund their programs. This could cause some problems because of

14616-483: The very authorities who financially benefit the most and render the athletes involved voiceless in the process is a glaring conflict of interest. In an article by usa today they state "Players in the NCAA's top-tier Division I bowl subdivision say they devote more than 43 hours a week to the sport during the season, and those in a couple of other sports — baseball and men's basketball — approach that commitment, an NCAA study shows." (Wieberg, USA Today ) ... The conditions of

14742-496: The winningest Maryland coach of the modern era. NCAA recognized selectors awarded Maryland the national football championship in 1951 and 1953. During Tatum's tenure from 1946 to 1955, Maryland also secured one Southern Conference championship and two Atlantic Coast Conference championships. In 1962, Darryl Hill transferred to Maryland from the United States Naval Academy , making the school the first team in

14868-557: The world, which generally have government-funded sports organizations that serve as a feeder system for professional competition. Before 1910 sports were not strictly regulated which caused a number of injuries to the athletes and in some severe cases death. President Roosevelt took action and formed the Intercollegiate Athletic Association (IAA) which is now known as the NCAA. The NCAA was put into place to create rules for intercollegiate sports. During

14994-539: Was Maryland's first and longest serving basketball coach, but his lengthy tenure from 1923 to 1947 was described as "remarkably quiet". At that time, the sport was not widely popular in the mid-Atlantic region and football and boxing were much better drawing spectator sports on the Maryland campus. To capitalize on the popularity, basketball games at Ritchie Coliseum were held as doubleheaders with boxing matches for 26 years. Bud Millikan became head coach in 1950 and soon led Maryland to consistent respectability within

15120-420: Was a big win in the rivalry. They hate us. We hate them." The high academic standing of the University of Virginia in a national publication has added to the competitiveness between the two. In 2003, University of Maryland president C.D. Mote asserted that, in academic terms, Virginia was "highly overrated these days ... U.S. News & World Report places them at the top of the pile with Berkeley , which

15246-505: Was built in 1931, at a cost of $ 200,000, to replace a facility known as "the Gymnasium" as the home arena for the basketball and boxing teams. The arena was built by the H. D. Watts Construction Company, which was owned by Harry Watts, an alumnus who played as a fullback on the football team from 1901 to 1903. The building hosted the basketball and boxing teams until 1955, when it was replaced by Cole Field House centrally located on

15372-524: Was founded in 1968. Maryland's best season was 1985, when Maryland played in the national championship final, losing 31–6 to Cal. (See National Collegiate Rugby Championship results .) Maryland plays in the Atlantic Coast Rugby League , a conference formed in 2011 along with other Atlantic Coast Conference schools. The Terps are led by head coach Jeff Soeken, who was a three-time All-American when he played rugby for Maryland. Maryland

15498-616: Was hired from Texas A&M to be his successor. Maryland Terrapins women's basketball has become one of the most celebrated sports on campus, due to significant success in the Brenda Frese era. After experiencing a period of national prominence under head coach, Chris Weller in the 1980s, including a pair of trips to the Final Four in 1982 and 1989, the Maryland Terrapins reached their full potential in 2006, winning

15624-534: Was renovated in the spring of 1997 and is used as a multipurpose facility. It served as the home arena of the Maryland Terrapins gymnastics, wrestling, and volleyball teams until the completion of the Comcast Center in 2002. Those athletics teams temporarily returned to Ritchie when a water main burst in 2004. The facility also is the host site of the Maryland state high school volleyball championships. Music Venue Ritchie Coliseum has also been used as

15750-524: Was the champion of the league's inaugural 2011 season, defeating North Carolina , 39–32, in the title match. Maryland repeated as Atlantic Coast champion again in 2012, defeating Clemson . Maryland placed 10th in the 2012 Collegiate Rugby Championship (CRC), notching wins against Penn State and Oklahoma. The CRC is the highest-profile college rugby tournament in the country, held at PPL Park in Philadelphia and broadcast live on NBC. Maryland reached

15876-435: Was the most valuable in college sports in the early 2010s, was estimated by Forbes to be worth over $ 133 million in 2013, totaling over $ 1 billion in the previous 10 years. At that time Texas made, on average, $ 93 million a year just from the football program. The two schools that followed Texas, Georgia and Penn State, each made around $ 70 million a year. Another prominent football program, Notre Dame, has

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