94-610: McLaughlin Motor Car Company Limited was a Canadian manufacturer of automobiles headquartered in Oshawa , Ontario . Founded by Robert McLaughlin , it once was the largest carriage manufacturing factory in the British Empire . Around 1905, Robert's son Sam starting building automobiles. By 1907, this enterprise had grown to include the manufacture of McLaughlin automobiles with Buick engines. In 1915,
188-515: A chest X-ray , electrocardiogram (ECG), and blood tests . Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) and ibuprofen may be used to decrease pain. Incentive spirometry may be recommended to encourage larger breaths. About one million people are affected in the United States each year. Descriptions of the condition date from at least as early as 400 BC by Hippocrates . The defining symptom of pleurisy
282-467: A humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification : Dfb ) with vast, but not extreme, seasonal temperature differences. Summers are generally warm, while winters are cold, but not extreme by Canadian standards. Oshawa receives one of the lowest yearly snowfall totals in all of Ontario. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Oshawa had a population of 175,383 living in 66,634 of its 69,324 total private dwellings,
376-493: A "colonization road" (a north–south road to facilitate settlement) known as Simcoe Street was constructed. It more or less followed the path of an old native trail known as the Nonquon Road, and ran from the harbour to the area of Lake Scugog. This intersected the " Kingston Road " (present-day King Street) at what would become Oshawa's "Four Corners." In 1836, Edward Skae relocated his general store approximately 800 m east to
470-690: A Conservative seat Jim Flaherty followed Starr (after over 40 years) into the Cabinet of Canada as Minister of Finance . In 2014, Jennifer French of the Ontario New Democratic Party was elected as Member of Provincial Parliament in the provincial riding of Oshawa with over 40% of the vote. The council of the City of Oshawa has eleven members – one mayor, five regional and city councillors and five city councillors. The current term of council began on 15 November 2022. The mayor
564-487: A change of 10% from its 2016 population of 159,458 . With a land area of 145.72 km (56.26 sq mi), it had a population density of 1,203.6/km (3,117.2/sq mi) in 2021. At the census metropolitan area (CMA) level in the 2021 census, the Oshawa CMA had a population of 415,311 living in 149,047 of its 153,565 total private dwellings, a change of 9.3% from its 2016 population of 379,848 . With
658-433: A chest x-ray is done after the procedure to evaluate the lungs. Possible complications of thoracentesis include the following: The lung fluid is examined under a microscope and is evaluated for the presence of chemicals and for its color and texture. The degree of clarity is an indicator of infection, cancer, or other conditions that may be causing the buildup of fluid or blood in the pleural space. If tuberculosis or cancer
752-616: A deal to combine manufacturing operations. Instead, McLaughlin decided to form his own enterprise. In 1907, the McLaughlin Motor Car Company Limited was formed. An American engineer by the name of Arthur Milbrath was hired away from A.O. Smith to design the McLaughlin Model A automobile. "We brought him [Milbrath] to Oshawa," Sam later recounted, "and installed him in one of our buildings, on the west side of Mary Street, which had been set aside as
846-466: A fifteen-year contract under which McLaughlin would buy drive trains from Buick Motors. These cars were sold with the brand-name McLaughlin, although the name McLaughlin-Buick also appeared on some vehicles. This alliance with Buick Motor Company was controlled by an exchange of a large parcel of McLaughlin stock for a corresponding amount of Buick stock. Durant, also a partner in Durant-Dort , had
940-593: A great deal in common with Sam McLaughlin, as both were part of the largest carriage companies in their respective countries. In 1908, the McLaughlins manufactured 154 vehicles, the same year that Durant leveraged Buick to form General Motors . Durant borrowed heavily and bought other automotive businesses for his General Motors company, including Oldsmobile , Cadillac and Oakland ( Pontiac ), but vehicle sales collapsed, factories were closed for twelve months, and more. In 1910, Durant lost control of General Motors to
1034-498: A land area of 903.25 km (348.75 sq mi), it had a population density of 459.8/km (1,190.9/sq mi) in 2021. Religious profile 2021: According to the 2021 Census English was the mother tongue of 79.5% of the residents of Oshawa. 1.7% of the population had French as their mother tongue. Other common mother tongues were Urdu (1.5%), Chinese Languages (1.3%), Tamil (1.2%), Tagalog (1.0%), Spanish (1.0%), Polish (0.8%), and Italian (0.7%). In 2006, 8.1% of
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#17327916757611128-585: A mostly white demographic, and a largely blue collar identity. The city has been attracting film and television producers who have made parts of a number of movies and TV series in Oshawa, most recently It (based on the Stephen King book), but also Billy Madison , Chicago , and X-Men . The most popular location in the city for film makers is Parkwood Estate . The dominant presence of General Motors (and its autoworkers) meant that Oshawa
1222-647: A population of about 1,000 in a community surrounded by farms. There were three churches, a post office, tradesmen of various types and some industry: a foundry, a grist mill and a fulling mill, a brewery, two distilleries, a machine shop and four cabinet makers. The newly established village became an industrial centre, and implement works, tanneries, asheries and wagon factories opened (and often closed shortly after, as economic "panics" occurred regularly). In 1878, Robert Samuel McLaughlin Sr. moved his carriage works to Oshawa from Enniskillen to take advantage of its harbour and of
1316-430: A pulmonary embolism can lead to a pleural effusion. Air or gas also can build up in the pleural space. This is called a pneumothorax . It can result from acute lung injury or a lung disease like emphysema . Lung procedures, like surgery, drainage of fluid with a needle , examination of the lung from the inside with a light and a camera, or mechanical ventilation , also can cause a pneumothorax. The most common symptom
1410-399: A shortness of breath can result, since the lungs need room to expand during breathing. Some cases of pleuritic chest pain are idiopathic , which means that the exact cause cannot be determined. A diagnosis of pleurisy or another pleural condition is based on a medical history , physical examinations , and diagnostic tests. The goals are to rule out other sources of the symptoms and to find
1504-411: A small amount of blood is taken from an artery , usually in the wrist. The blood is then checked for oxygen and carbon-dioxide levels. This test shows how well the lungs are taking in oxygen. Once the presence of an excess fluid in the pleural cavity , or pleural effusion, is suspected and location of fluid is confirmed, a sample of fluid can be removed for testing. The procedure to remove fluid in
1598-652: A streetcar line, but c. 1910 a second "freight line" was built slightly to the east of Simcoe Street. This electric line provided streetcar and freight service, connected central Oshawa with the Grand Trunk (now Canadian National) Railway, and with the Canadian Northern (which ran through the very north of Oshawa) and the Canadian Pacific, built in 1912–13. The Oshawa Railway was acquired by the Grand Trunk operation around 1910, and streetcar service
1692-523: Is a viral infection . Other causes include bacterial infection , pneumonia , pulmonary embolism , autoimmune disorders , lung cancer , following heart surgery , pancreatitis and asbestosis . Occasionally the cause remains unknown. The underlying mechanism involves the rubbing together of the pleurae instead of smooth gliding. Other conditions that can produce similar symptoms include pericarditis , heart attack , cholecystitis , pulmonary embolism, and pneumothorax . Diagnostic testing may include
1786-912: Is a city in Ontario , Canada, on the Lake Ontario shoreline. It lies in Southern Ontario , approximately 60 km (37 mi) east of Downtown Toronto . It is commonly viewed as the eastern anchor of the Greater Toronto Area and of the Golden Horseshoe . It is the largest municipality in the Regional Municipality of Durham . The name Oshawa originates from the Ojibwa term aazhawe , meaning "the crossing place" or just "a cross". Founded in 1876 as
1880-447: Is a sudden sharp, stabbing, burning or dull pain in the right or left side of the chest during breathing, especially when one inhales and exhales. It feels worse with deep breathing, coughing , sneezing , or laughing . The pain may stay in one place, or it may spread to the shoulder or back. Sometimes, it becomes a fairly constant dull ache. Depending on its cause, pleuritic chest pain may be accompanied by other symptoms: Pleurisy
1974-779: Is aimed at eliminating the underlying cause of the disease. The treatment for pleurisy depends on its origin and is prescribed by a physician on a base of an individual assessment. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) and amoxicillin , or other antibiotics in case of bacterial infections, are common remedies dispensed by doctors to relieve the initial symptoms and pain in the chest, while viral infections are self-limited. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), preferably indometacin , are usually employed as pain control agents. A number of alternative or complementary medicines are being investigated for their anti-inflammatory properties, and their use in pleurisy. At this time, clinical trials of these compounds have not been performed. Extracts from
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#17327916757612068-688: Is elected at large by electors throughout the city, heads the council of the City of Oshawa and is also a representative of the city on the council of the Regional Municipality of Durham. There are five wards in the City of Oshawa. Each of the five wards are represented by one regional and city councillor and one city councillor. There are four standing committees of council: The city comprises following communities or neighbourhoods: Oshawa has parks, walking trails, conservation areas, indoors and outdoor public swimming pools, community centres, and sports facilities. Lakeview Park stretches along
2162-422: Is home to a Regional Innovation Centre and offers start-up facilities for entrepreneurs and small businesses. Co-working offices are also located in the downtown. Historians believe that the area that would become Oshawa began as a transfer point for the fur trade . Beaver and other animals trapped for their pelts by local natives were traded with the coureurs des bois (voyagers). Furs were loaded onto canoes by
2256-787: Is home to the Oshawa Generals of the Ontario Hockey League . In 2015, the Oshawa Generals won the Ontario Hockey League Championship, and ended their season winning the 2015 Memorial Cup . Famous alumni of this team include Bobby Orr , Alex Delvecchio , Wayne Cashman , Tony Tanti , Dave Andreychuk , Marc Savard , Eric Lindros , and John Tavares . The team moved from the Oshawa Civic Auditorium into
2350-414: Is injury to the chest from blunt force or surgery on the heart or chest. Hemothorax also can occur in people with lung or pleural cancer. Hemothorax can put pressure on the lung and force it to collapse. It also can cause shock, a state of hypoperfusion in which an insufficient amount of blood is able to reach the organs. The pleural space can be invaded by fluid, air, and particles from other parts of
2444-474: Is located in the city. Once recognized as the sole "Automotive Capital of Canada", Oshawa is now considered to be an education and health sciences hub, although General Motors still plays a significant role in the city's economy. After having been closed for about 2 years, the Oshawa car assembly plant reopened on 10 November 2021, when the first Canadian-made Chevy Silverado was completed. GM invested C$ 1.3bn into plant retooling. Prior to reopening, GM said that
2538-542: Is now Trailmobile Canada. McLaughlin was taken over by General Motors in 1918 and merged into General Motors of Canada . Robert McLaughlin began building carriages in 1867 beside the cutters and wagons in his blacksmith's shop in Enniskillen , a small village 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Oshawa , Ontario. In need of more workers to build his horse-drawn carriages, staunch Presbyterian McLaughlin moved to Oshawa in 1876. McLaughlin developed and (in
2632-480: Is now held by Oshawa. While the company's once essential role in the local economy has diminished, it remains the largest local employer. In November 2018, General Motors announced the closing of the plant, with the layoff of both salaried and hourly workers. On 20 December 2018 the last car was assembled at the Oshawa plant. On 4 November 2020, GM announced "Subject to ratification of the 2020 agreement with Unifor, General Motors plans to bring pickup production back to
2726-418: Is often associated with complications that affect the pleural space. In some cases of pleurisy, excess fluid builds up in the pleural space. This is called a pleural effusion . The buildup of excess fluid, will more often than not force the two layers of the pleura apart so they do not rub against each other when breathing. This can relieve the pain of pleurisy. A large amount of fluid can result in collapse of
2820-402: Is sudden pain in one side of the lung and shortness of breath. A pneumothorax also can put pressure on the lung and cause it to collapse. If the pneumothorax is small, it may go away on its own. If large, a chest tube is placed through the skin and chest wall into the pleural space to remove the air. Blood also can collect in the pleural space. This is called hemothorax . The most common cause
2914-428: Is suspected, a small piece of the pleura may be examined under a microscope to make a definitive diagnosis. This is called a biopsy . Several approaches to taking tissue samples are available Treatment has several goals: If large amounts of fluid, air, or blood are not removed from the pleural space, they may cause the lung to collapse. The surgical procedures used to drain fluid, air, or blood from
McLaughlin Motor Car Company - Misplaced Pages Continue
3008-543: Is the current coach and general manager of the Saskatchewan Rush . He was inducted into the Canadian Lacrosse Hall of Fame in 2012. Oshawa was home to Windfields Farm , a thoroughbred horse breeding operation and birthplace of one of Canada's most famous racehorses, Northern Dancer . Pleurisy Pleurisy , also known as pleuritis , is inflammation of the membranes that surround
3102-673: Is verified by photos appearing in the Times Colonist and the Victoria Times newspapers of 1 October 1937, because each of the Dunsmuir phaetons was unique. Two custom built, dual-cowl McLaughlin-Buick Phaetons were built for the 1939 Royal Canadian Tour of George VI and Queen Elizabeth. One of these later carried Prince Charles and Diana, Princess of Wales , during their 1986 visit to Canada. Residents of other rapidly developing countries living under conditions not unlike
3196-601: The Mississauga Natives at the Oshawa harbour and transported to the trading posts located to the west at the mouth of the Credit River . Around 1760, the French constructed a trading post near the harbour. This location was abandoned after a few years, but its ruins provided shelter for the first residents of what later became Oshawa. Most notably, one of the fur traders was Moody Farewell, an early resident of
3290-489: The United Auto Workers (Local 222). The then-Liberal government of Mitchell Hepburn , which had been elected on a platform of being the working man's friend, sided with the corporation and brought in armed university students to break up any union agitation. These much-derided "Hepburn's Hussars" and "Sons of Bitches" were never needed as the union refused to be drawn into violent acts. The union and workers had
3384-449: The lungs and line the chest cavity ( pleurae ). This can result in a sharp chest pain while breathing. Occasionally the pain may be a constant dull ache. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath , cough , fever , or weight loss , depending on the underlying cause. Pleurisy can be caused by a variety of conditions, including viral or bacterial infections, autoimmune disorders, and pulmonary embolism . The most common cause
3478-404: The pleural space are as follows: A couple of medications are used to relieve pleurisy symptoms: There may be a role for the use of corticosteroids (for tuberculous pleurisy), tacrolimus (Prograf) and methotrexate (Trexall, Rheumatrex) in the treatment of pleurisy. Further studies are needed. The following may be helpful in the management of pleurisy: Ideally, the treatment of pleurisy
3572-539: The 2004 federal election the riding of Oshawa (not coterminous with the City of Oshawa, but containing most of it) was the country's most competitive. The candidate of the new Conservative Party of Canada , Colin Carrie , edged out his NDP rival Sid Ryan by several hundred votes; it was an atypical and ideologically stark race that left Louise Parkes of the Liberals in third place. In 2006, Whitby-Oshawa also became
3666-542: The Brazilian folk remedy Wilbrandia ebracteata ("Taiuia") have been shown to reduce inflammation in the pleural cavity of mice. The extract is thought to inhibit the same enzyme, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), as the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs . Pleurisy, and other disorders of the pleurae, can be serious, depending on what caused them. Generally, pleurisy treatment has an excellent prognosis, but if left untreated it can cause severe complications. For example,
3760-606: The McLaughlin Carriage Company by Robert McLaughlin, and then McLaughlin Motors Ltd by his son, Sam, General Motors of Canada's headquarters are located in the city. The automotive industry was the inspiration for Oshawa's previous mottos: "The City that Motovates Canada", and "The City in Motion". The lavish home of the automotive company's founder, Parkwood Estate , is a National Historic Site of Canada
3854-918: The McLaughlin name, using Buick engines and other mechanical parts. 1908 Buick was merged into General Motors Holding shortly after, and in 1915 the firm acquired the manufacturing rights to the Chevrolet brand. Within three years, the McLaughlin Motor Car Company and the Chevrolet Motor Car Company of Canada owned the General Motors Holding in 1916 he in 1918 merged his Chevrolet and Buick, creating General Motors of Canada in 1918 with McLaughlin as President. The factory expanded rapidly, eventually covering several blocks. The growing usage of
McLaughlin Motor Car Company - Misplaced Pages Continue
3948-567: The Oshawa Assembly Plant. Construction will begin immediately at Oshawa Assembly and will include a new body shop and flexible assembly module, to support a fast response to strong customer demand for GM's new family of pickup trucks. Oshawa pickup production started on 10 November 2021 when the first Canadian-made Silverado was completed. The revenue collection divisions of the Ontario Ministry of Finance occupy one of
4042-779: The Oshawa Peony Festival, Kars on King, and Oshawa Fiesta Week, which is hosted by the Oshawa Folk Arts Council and has been celebrated for more than 45 years. At the center of Oshawa is the Oshawa Centre shopping mall, the largest mall in the Durham region as well as in Ontario east of Toronto . The executive offices there include the Ministry of Long Term Health Care for Ontario. Oshawa
4136-681: The Power announced a move from Oshawa to Mississauga , a western suburb of Toronto. The Power played home games at the General Motors Centre. Oshawa was home of the Oshawa Green Gaels , one of the most storied teams in the sport. A player of note in the 1920s was Nels Stewart , who became a Hall of Famer in the National Hockey League . Former Oshawa Green Gaels captain and Oshawa native, Derek Keenan ,
4230-758: The U.S. and Canada had a strong preference for well-engineered and robust American cars. The countries of the British Empire ;– England, India, South Africa, Australia, and others – gave preference by charging much lower import taxes on goods from another member of the Empire, such as Canada. Taxes were adjusted to the proportion of Canadian content. Canada made and supplied General Motors vehicles to those countries, fitting them with right-hand drive. During World War I , Britain erected high tariff barriers to protect their industry from America's low-priced mass-produced but good-quality cars. By 1923 Canada had
4324-418: The area; their reply was "Oshawa," which translates to "where we must leave our canoes". Thus, the name of Oshawa, one of the primary "motor cities" of Canada, has the meaning "where we have to get out and walk". The name "Oshawa" was adopted and the post office named accordingly. In 1849, the requirements for incorporation were eased, and Oshawa was incorporated as a village in 1850. The 1846 Gazeteer indicates
4418-447: The automobile in the 1920s generated rapid expansion of Oshawa, which grew in population from 4,000 to 16,000 during this decade, and of its land area. In 1924, Oshawa annexed the area to its south, including the harbour and the community of Cedardale. This growth allowed Oshawa to seek incorporation as a city, which took place on 8 March 1924. With the wealth he gained in his business venture, between 1915 and 1917, McLaughlin built one of
4512-467: The automobile shop. We equipped it with automatic lathes and other machine tools, planers, and shapers - dozens of machines. From a Cleveland firm, we ordered cylinders, pistons, and crankshafts to our specifications, and engine castings to be worked in our own shop. The car was to be more powerful than the Buick." Shortly after that, operations came to a stand-still when Milbrath fell ill with pleurisy and
4606-464: The availability of a rail link not too far away. He constructed a two-story building on Simcoe Street, just north of the King's Highway. This building was heavily remodelled in 1929, receiving a new facade and being extended to the north using land where the city's "gaol" (jail, firehall and townhall) had once stood. The village became a town in 1879, in what was then called East Whitby Township. Around 1890,
4700-513: The backing of the local population, other unions and the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation party and, on 23 April, two weeks after the strike started, the company gave in to most of the workers' demands, although it pointedly did not recognize the union. In 1950, the city annexed a portion of East Whitby Township west of Park Road. Some of this area had been developed during the 1920s boom period, although it
4794-565: The bankers that agreed to bail out the company. The McLaughlin shares that Durant held were placed in a trust company in New York, except for one share that Durant sold to Charles Williams Nash and one to Thomas Neal . With Sam McLaughlin's financial help, Durant started a new business with racing driver Louis Chevrolet . Durant took control of Chevrolet and sold stock in a new business, Chevrolet Canada. In 1916, Durant regained control of General Motors, and in 1916, General Motors Corporation
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#17327916757614888-547: The best manufacturing jobs available in Canada and attracted thousands of workers from economically depressed areas of the country, particularly the Maritimes , Newfoundland , rural Quebec and northern Ontario. The city was also a magnet for European immigrants in the skilled trades, and boasts substantial Polish , Ukrainian , Hungarian , Croatian , German , Slovak and Russian ethnic communities. Oshawa has become one of
4982-401: The body, which fairly complicates diagnosis. Viral infection ( coxsackie B virus , HRSV , CMV , adenovirus , EBV , parainfluenza , influenza , COVID-19 ) is the most common cause of pleurisy. However, many other different conditions can cause pleuritic chest pain: When the space between the pleurae starts to fill with fluid, as in pleural effusion , the chest pain can be eased but
5076-479: The carriage works relocated from its Simcoe Street address to an unused furniture factory a couple of blocks to the northeast, and this remained its site until the building burned down in 1899. Offered assistance by the town, McLaughlin chose to stay in Oshawa, building a new factory across Mary Street from the old site. Rail service had been provided in 1890 by the Oshawa Railway; this was originally set up as
5170-624: The carriage works was destroyed by fire. "We were helpless," R.S. "Sam" McLaughlin later told Maclean's Magazine, "we could only stand and watch our life's work go up in flames. Not only we McLaughlins, but the six hundred men who depended for a living on the carriage works." The City of Oshawa lent McLaughlin $ 50,000 to rebuild. McLaughlin Carriage Company of Canada Limited was incorporated in 1901. Production numbers that year topped 25,000 units and included 140 different models, and sales exceeded one million dollars. By 1915, McLaughlin
5264-401: The cause of the pleurisy so that the underlying disorder can be treated. A doctor uses a stethoscope to listen to the breathing. This method detects any unusual sounds in the lungs. A person with pleurisy may have inflamed layers of the pleurae that make a rough, scratchy sound as they rub against each other during breathing. This is called pleural friction rub . Depending on the results of
5358-403: The chest is called a diagnostic thoracentesis . The doctor inserts a small needle or a thin, hollow, plastic tube in the chest wall and withdraws fluid. Thoracentesis can be done in the doctor's office or at the hospital. Ultrasound is used to guide the needle to the fluid that is trapped in small pockets around the lungs. Thoracentesis usually does not cause serious complications. Generally,
5452-440: The city consists of industrial zones and compact housing designed for early 20th century industrial workers, while the northern half has a suburban feel more typical of later decades. High wages paid to unionized GM employees have meant that these workers could enjoy a relatively high standard of living, although such jobs are much scarcer today than they once were. During its heyday after World War II , General Motors offered some of
5546-727: The coast of Lake Ontario, complete with a sandy beach, and is the location of the Oshawa Museum . Also, the McLaughlin Bay Wildlife Reserve and Second Marsh Wildlife Area offer protected marshland areas with interpretive trails and viewing platforms. Oshawa's parks and trail system encompasses almost 410 hectares (1,000 acres) of parkland and more than 27 kilometres (17 mi) of paved trails. Oshawa has more than 130 parks, more than 110 playgrounds, nine splash pads, eight ice pads and three skateboard parks. Oshawa hosts many annual festivals and events including
5640-488: The community who was to some extent responsible for its name change. In the late 18th century a local resident, Roger Conant, started an export business shipping salmon to the United States. His success attracted further migration into the region. A large number of the founding immigrants were United Empire Loyalists , who left the United States to continue to live under British rule. Later, Irish and then French Canadian immigration increased as did industrialization. Oshawa and
5734-547: The company manufactured Chevrolet vehicles for the U.S. and Canadian market. The carriage end of the business was then sold to Carriage Factories Limited of Orillia , Ontario. James Brockett Tudhope's Carriage Factories would end carriage production towards manufacturing of truck and car parts. The Tudhope firm was sold in 1924 to Cockshutt Plow Company and merged into the Cockshutt Plow owned Canada Carriage and Body Limited of Brantford , Ontario. The Brantford-based firm
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#17327916757615828-433: The construction of a mall. The opening of what later became Highway 401 , then known as Highway 2A, shortly after World War II sparked increased residential growth in Oshawa and the other lakeshore municipalities of Ontario County, which led to the creation of the Regional Municipality of Durham in 1974. Oshawa was amalgamated with the remaining portions of East Whitby Township and took on its present boundaries, which included
5922-485: The early 1880s) patented a fifth-wheel mechanism, which greatly improved comfort and safety. Attracting a great deal of demand, he ignored tempting offers and elected to sell the mechanism to his competitors rather than license other manufacturers. This enthusiasm, now for his complete carriages, spread across Canada. Before the end of the century, there was a McLaughlin sales office in London , England. On 7 December 1899,
6016-599: The end of the 1990s, the city's changing economy and demographics led many voters to the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario and the Canadian Alliance , a conservative party at the federal level. Conservative candidates have won recent provincial and federal elections, whereas from 1968 to 1993 the city was a safe NDP seat in both the federal and provincial legislatures. The city's shifting social and political dynamics were seen in
6110-497: The fastest-growing cities in Canada, although statements to this effect are often in reference to the Census Metropolitan Area, which includes neighbouring Whitby and Clarington . Oshawa achieved a record-setting year of growth in 2015 with over a half a billion dollars in construction value (breaking its previous record in 2014). Many commuters have been enticed to Oshawa by comparatively low housing prices and
6204-447: The lung. This can make it difficult to breathe. In some cases of pleural effusion, the excess fluid becomes infected and turns into an abscess . This is called an empyema . Pleural effusion involving fibrinous exudates in the fluid may be called fibrinous pleurisy, which sometimes occurs as a later stage of pleurisy. A person can develop a pleural effusion in the absence of pleurisy. For example, pneumonia, heart failure, cancer, or
6298-516: The lungs, also known as a pleural effusion, sound waves are scattered by air. Therefore, an actual picture of the lungs cannot be obtained with ultrasonography. A CT scan provides a computer-generated picture of the lungs that can show pockets of fluid. It also may show signs of pneumonia, a lung abscess, or a tumor. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), also called nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) scanning, uses powerful magnets to show pleural effusions and tumors. In arterial blood-gas sampling ,
6392-578: The main office buildings in the city's downtown. Oshawa City Hall, Tribute Communities Centre, The Robert McLaughlin Gallery are also in the downtown core. Ontario Tech University occupies five buildings in downtown. More than 1,900 Ontario Tech University students and staff attend class and work in downtown Oshawa. The city's older southern neighbourhoods tend to be considerably less affluent than its more suburban northern sections, which are rapidly expanding as Toronto commuters move in. The southern half of
6486-442: The most stately homes in Canada, " Parkwood ". The 55-room residence was initially designed by Toronto architect firm Darling and Pearson as well as John M. Lyle in the late 1930s. McLaughlin lived in the house for 55 years with his wife and they raised five daughters. The house replaced an older mansion, which was about 30 years old when it was demolished; the grounds of the earlier home had been operated as Prospect Park, and this land
6580-726: The new General Motors Centre in November 2006. In 2016 the city of Oshawa partnered with Tribute Communities for naming rights and the General Motors Centre was renamed the Tribute Communities Centre. The Oshawa Generals' home arena has been destroyed by fire twice in the franchise history. In June 1928, the Bradley Arena was destroyed by fire. Then, 25 years later, in September 1953 the Hambly Arena
6674-741: The next city while the other was in use. In 1936, a custom tailored McLaughlin-Buick Town Sedan was purchased by the Prince of Wales. In 1936, the Dunsmuirs, a coal magnate family in Victoria, British Columbia , ordered three special-order 1936 Buick-McLaughlin Phaetons for three of their daughters. In 1937, the convertible phaeton bought for Elinor Dunsmuir was used to drive U.S. president Franklin Roosevelt around Victoria during his state visit. This
6768-474: The outlying villages of Columbus, Raglan and Kedron. Much of Oshawa's industry has closed over the years; however, it is still the headquarters of GM Canada and its major manufacturing site. Current industries of note include manufacturing of railway maintenance equipment, mining equipment, steel fabrication, and rubber products. Oshawa is also recognized as an official port of entry for immigration and customs services. Similar to all of southern Ontario, Oshawa has
6862-475: The parent company, until his death in 1972 at the age of 100. The first McLaughlin automobile was the 1907 Model F. Until 1914, the cars were finished with the same paints and varnishes used on carriages. This meant each vehicle required up to fifteen coats of paint. In 1927, the company produced two identical specially built touring cars for the Princes’ Royal Tour of Canada, one to be shipped ahead to
6956-415: The physical examination, diagnostic tests are sometimes performed. A chest X-ray takes a picture of the heart and lungs. It may show air or fluid in the pleural space . It also may show the cause (e.g., pneumonia, a fractured rib, or a lung tumor) of the pleurisy. Sometimes an X-ray is taken while lying on the painful side. This may show fluid, as well as changes in fluid position, that did not appear in
7050-537: The regular rail service into downtown Toronto provided by GO Transit and Via Rail . The growth of subdivisions to house Toronto commuters will likely accelerate with the Highway 407 East extension. Highway 407 East (407E) opened to Harmony Road in Oshawa on 20 June 2016, including a tolled north–south link to Highway 401 known as Highway 412 . The Highway 407 extension to Highway 35 / Highway 115 in Clarington
7144-438: The residents were visible minorities , 37.4% of whom were Black Canadians . Oshawa is headquarters to General Motors Canada , which has large-scale manufacturing and administrative operations in the city and employs many thousands both directly and indirectly. Since Windsor, Ontario houses Chrysler Canada headquarters, the two cities have something of a friendly rivalry for the title of "Automotive Capital of Canada", which
7238-546: The sale of the Chevrolet stock and establishing Canadian products. In 1923, the name of the Canadian-bodied model was officially changed to McLaughlin-Buick, and cars with this name continued to be produced until 1942. Later, production was labelled Buick without the addition of McLaughlin or Canada. Sam McLaughlin remained chairman of the board of General Motors of Canada, and vice-president and executive director of
7332-717: The site would continue to be used for autonomous vehicle testing and production of vehicle stampings and other sub-assemblies. The city is home to three post-secondary institutions, including Durham College , Trent University Durham , and Ontario Tech University , formerly the University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT). The Lakeridge Health Oshawa operates the Lakeridge Health Education and Research Network (LHEARN) in Oshawa as well. Key labour force sectors include advanced manufacturing, health technology, logistics, energy and IT. In 2016, Oshawa
7426-490: The southeast corner of this intersection; as his store became a popular meeting place (probably because it also served as the Post Office), the corner and the growing settlement that surrounded it were known as Skae's Corners. In 1842, Skae, the postmaster, applied for official post office status, but was informed the community needed a better name. Moody Farewell was requested to ask his native acquaintances what they called
7520-510: The surrounding Ontario County were also the settling grounds of a disproportionate number of 19th century Cornish immigrants during the Cornish emigration which emptied large tracts of that part of England. As well, the surveys ordered by Governor John Graves Simcoe , and the subsequent land grants, helped populate the area. When Col. Asa Danforth laid out his York-to-Kingston road, it passed through what would later become Oshawa. In 1822,
7614-575: The vehicle could not be completed. It has been suggested that Milbraith's ailment was actually a case of "diplomatic flu", which gave the McLaughlins an excuse to partner with Durant and build Buicks. Milbrath later founded the Wisconsin Motor Manufacturing Company . When McLaughlin wired Durant for assistance in September 1907, the next day, Durant and William H. Little, another Buick executive, arrived in Oshawa. The two carriage men, Durant and McLaughlin, hammered out
7708-420: The vertical X-ray. Blood tests can detect bacterial or viral infections, pneumonia , rheumatic fever , a pulmonary embolism, or lupus . Electrocardiography test can determine if a heart condition contributes to the symptoms. Ultrasonography uses sound waves to create an image. It may show where fluid is located in the chest. It also can show some tumors. Although ultrasound may detect fluid around
7802-476: The world's second-largest automotive industry. These exports fell to a trickle after World War II because Canada was part of the dollar area and therefore set apart from the British Empire's sterling area . The British were struggling to repay U.S. War Loans and unwilling to allow their businesses unrestricted access to Canada's currency to buy Canadian cars. Oshawa Town: 1879 Oshawa
7896-570: Was a high ranking Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) and Cabinet Member during the Diefenbaker era. Starr served the new Oshawa-Whitby riding for one term, before being narrowly defeated by future federal NDP leader Ed Broadbent in 1968. Broadbent then represented the city in the House of Commons until 1989, and in the 1980s led the NDP to its greatest electoral successes. By
7990-692: Was acquired by the town and became its first municipal park, Alexandra Park. Parkwood today is open to the public as a National Historic Site. Tours are offered. On 8 April 1937, disputes between 4,000 assembly line workers and General Motors management led to the Oshawa Strike, a salient event in the history of Canadian trade unionism . As the weight of the Great Depression slowly began to lift, demand for automobiles again began to grow. The workers sought higher wages, an eight-hour workday, better working conditions and recognition of their union,
8084-688: Was also destroyed by fire. Oshawa hosted Ron MacLean and the Rogers Hometown Hockey Tour on 26–27 December 2015. In September 2018, the city hosted its first National Hockey League preseason game, when the Buffalo Sabres and New York Islanders played an exhibition contest. The Oshawa Power of the National Basketball League of Canada began playing in October 2011. In the spring of 2013,
8178-411: Was formed with Sam McLaughlin as a director and vice-president. McLaughlin began manufacturing Chevrolet automobiles for Durant and General Motors. By 1914, McLaughlin had built about 1,100 of his cars. General Motors of Canada was incorporated in 1918, when it merged McLaughlin and Chevrolet Canada. General Motors Canadian Corporation spent $ 10 million building a Walkerville, Ontario , plant with
8272-496: Was making one carriage every ten minutes. McLaughlin Carriage Company was sold to Carriage Factories Limited of Orillia, Ontario, in 1915. The major carriage manufacturers did not close their doors but switched to automobile bodies. Around 1905, Robert's son Sam became interested in manufacturing automobiles and traveled to Jackson, Michigan , to purchase a Jackson automobile . While in Jackson, Sam bumped into Billy Durant , who
8366-501: Was manufacturing in that city. Sam and Billy had become acquainted, as both were affiliated with the carriage manufacturing business. Durant offered to make a deal, and McLaughlin purchased a Buick from a dealer in Toronto to better understand the product. Before he was halfway to Oshawa (approximately a 30-mile drive), McLaughlin knew he preferred the design of the Buick to the Jackson automobile. However, he and Durant were unable to reach
8460-485: Was not within the boundaries of the city. The opening of the Oshawa Shopping Centre (now the Oshawa Centre ) fewer than two kilometres west of the "four corners" in 1956 struck a blow to Oshawa's downtown from which it has never been able to recover. The shopping centre was built on land which had been an unproductive farm; when its owner gave up on agriculture, this released a very large area of land for
8554-412: Was opened on 9 December 2019, with a second tolled link to Highway 401 known as Highway 418 opened simultaneously. On 5 April 2022, Highways 412 and 418 became toll-free. In spring 2016, Oshawa was ranked No. 1 city for jobs in Canada when compared to 33 cities across the country. The trend suggests major social and demographic changes for Oshawa, which has long had a vigorous labour union presence,
8648-492: Was replaced by buses in 1940. After GM moved its main plants to south Oshawa in 1951, freight traffic fell and most of the tracks were removed in 1963, although a line to the older remaining "north" plant via Ritson Road remained until 2000. Col. R. S. McLaughlin and "Billy" Durant signed a 15-year contract in 1907, under which the McLaughlin Motor Car Company began to manufacture automobiles under
8742-610: Was the sixth best place in Canada to find full-time employment based on data from StatsCan. Downtown Oshawa is identified as an Urban Growth Centre in the Government of Ontario's Places to Grow initiative. More than 5,000 people work and more than 2,400 university students study in the downtown core. The downtown is a prominent centre for entertainment and sporting events (Regent Theatre and Tribute Communities Centre ), food (50+ restaurants and cafes) and culture ( The Robert McLaughlin Gallery and Canadian Automotive Museum ). Oshawa
8836-599: Was well known as a bastion of unionist, left-wing support during the decades following the Second World War . The city played an important role in Canada's labour history, including the 1937 " Oshawa Strike " against General Motors and the considerable financial support provided by the city's autoworkers to the New Democratic Party (NDP) and its predecessors. However, Oshawa was part of the Ontario (County) riding when Michael Starr served. Starr
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