Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell, GA MSA
69-719: Other Statistical Areas in the Atlanta CSA Metro Atlanta , designated by the United States Office of Management and Budget as the Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell metropolitan statistical area , is the most populous metropolitan statistical area in the U.S. state of Georgia and the sixth-largest in the United States, based on the July 1, 2023 metropolitan area population estimates from
138-609: A census-designated-place (CDP) by the census bureau. One notable example is East Cobb , an unincorporated area (though not a CDP) adjacent to Marietta and Roswell in Cobb County. With an estimated population of approximately 164,055 as of 2020, it would be the second largest city in the metro besides Atlanta if incorporated. Metro Atlanta includes the following incorporated and unincorporated suburbs (both inside and outside Atlanta), exurbs, and surrounding cities, sorted by population according to 2020 census data (or later data if
207-612: A pipeline east to the Savannah River was mentioned even informally. The state has now been ordered by a judge to reduce withdrawals from the Chattahoochee south of Lanier to 1970s levels within three years (2012), something that would create an immediate emergency water shortage if it were actually enforced. The native forest canopy is mainly oak , redbud, hickory , poplar , tuliptree , pine , and sweetgum , with chestnut having been common decades before in what
276-473: A CSA and an MSA/μSA is that the social and economic ties between the individual MSAs/μSAs within a CSA are at lower levels than between the counties within an MSA. CSAs represent multiple metropolitan or micropolitan areas that have an employment interchange of at least 15% (% commuting from A to B plus % commuting from B to A). CSAs often represent regions with overlapping labor and media markets. As of 2023, there are 181 combined statistical areas across
345-582: A budget justification document to present to relevant congressional committees, especially the Appropriations Committee. Finally, by the first Monday in February, the president must review and submit the final budget to Congress to approve. OMB is also responsible for the preparation of Statements of Administrative Policy (SAPs) with the president. These statements allow the OMB to communicate
414-427: A slower rate than the 28.6% increase recorded between 2000 and 2010. Atlanta MSA in 2000 did not include Butts, Dawson, Haralson, Heard, Jasper, Lamar, Meriwether, and Pike counties, whose population totalled in 2000: 135,783; in 2010: 156,368 (2.96% of total new 28-county metro) Compares the larger 28-county Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta MSA 2010 with a smaller 20‑county Atlanta MSA 2000; however
483-683: A staffer at the Bureau of the Budget, called the relationship between the president and the bureau extremely close and subsequent bureau directors politicians, not public administrators. The bureau was reorganized into the Office of Management and Budget in 1970 during the Nixon administration . The first OMB included Roy Ash (head), Paul O'Neill (assistant director), Fred Malek (deputy director), Frank Zarb (associate director) and two dozen others. In
552-643: A week, with half of that falling in just 24 hours near the end of the period. The USGS calculated it to be a greater-than- 500-year flood . The area's prolific rains are drained by many different streams and creeks. The main basin is that of the Chattahoochee River , running northeast to southwest. The further northwestern suburbs drain into the Etowah River via the Little River and Lake Allatoona . The southern suburbs are drained by
621-632: Is a United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB) term for a combination of adjacent metropolitan (MSA) and micropolitan statistical areas (μSA) across the 50 U.S. states and the territory of Puerto Rico that can demonstrate economic or social linkage. CSAs were first designated in 2003. OMB defines a CSA by various combinations of adjacent metropolitan and micropolitan areas with economic ties measured by commuting patterns. CSAs retain their own designations as metropolitan or micropolitan statistical areas in their respective larger combined statistical areas. The primary distinguishing factor between
690-591: Is a regional planning agency. The eleven ARC counties, bolded , and four more (Bartow, Coweta, Hall, Paulding), with an asterisk (*), form part of the Metropolitan North Georgia Water Planning District , created in 2001. The 10 counties listed above with under 60,000 residents are usually not included in any other metropolitan definition except the OMB/Census Bureau's MSA and CSA. Hall County forms
759-422: Is also in its native range, and is easily identified by the fact that it turns fiery red in early October, much brighter and weeks earlier than most other trees (which usually peak in early November). Shrubby plants include blackberry , horsechestnut , sumac , and sometimes hawthorn . Virginia creeper , poison ivy , and briar are common vines . The Confederate yellow daisy is a wildflower native only to
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#1732764990660828-709: Is by far the most ubiquitous, stealing birdseed from the bird feeders which many locals maintain. Chipmunks and small brown rabbits are common, but it is relatively rare to hear of them doing any damage. Opossum , raccoons , foxes , coyotes and armadillos are frequently seen. Garden and meadow snakes are common; six venomous pit viper snakes ( Eastern diamondback rattlesnake , timber rattlesnake , pygmy rattlesnake , coral snake , water moccasin and copperhead ) are indigenous, but reports of bites are rare. Many types of frogs, including tree frogs and bullfrogs, are easily heard in early summer, as are cicadas in July and August. Black bears occasionally wander down from
897-460: Is common in undeveloped forests. Some vines exceed 50 years of age and cover dozens of acres of forest, creating a dense, purple explosion each spring. Japanese honeysuckle is extremely common, its fragrance an early summer delight. A common ornamental shrub, the Chinese privet , has escaped to become the state's most invasive non-native plant species. Among mammals , the eastern gray squirrel
966-452: Is considered extinct and not a threat to the region. Still, minor earthquakes do rattle the area (and all of Georgia) occasionally. One notable one was in April 2003 (magnitude 4.6) coming from the northwest, its epicenter just across the state line in northeastern Alabama. While many people slept through the 5 A.M. quake, it caused a minor panic in others completely unaware of what
1035-530: Is for federal participation in the development and use of voluntary consensus standards and in conformity assessment activities. A-119 instructs its agencies to adopt voluntary consensus standards before relying upon industry standards and reducing to a minimum the reliance by agencies on government standards . Adoption of international standards is widely followed by U.S. agencies. This includes: List of OMB directors. Combined statistical area Population Combined statistical area ( CSA )
1104-815: Is made up mainly of career appointed staff who provide continuity across changes of party and administration in the White House. Six positions within OMB ;– the Director, the Deputy Director, the Deputy Director for Management, and the administrators of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs , the Office of Federal Procurement Policy , and the Office of Federal Financial Management – are presidentially appointed and Senate - confirmed positions. OMB's largest components are
1173-475: Is now considered oak-hickory forest . Saw palmetto , Sabal palmetto and Trachycarpus fortunei have become common ornamentals as well. Traveling from the south, the metro area is generally the first area in which autumn leaf color can be seen, due to the different trees growing at the higher elevation and latitude . Underneath , the flowering dogwood is very common, the black cherry are quite prolific, with mulberry popping up sometimes as well. Sourwood
1242-573: Is seen as a barrier to further growth in the area, but permanent measures for non-emergency water conservation have never been put in place. The state legislature has refused to pass a requirement for low-flow toilets to be installed in homes that are sold, bowing to pressure from the real estate sales industry. Disputes over water are becoming increasingly common, with both Alabama and Florida filing lawsuits and threatening injunctions to prevent Georgia from taking too much water, mostly for metro Atlanta. South Carolina also threatened when
1311-578: Is the largest office within the Executive Office of the President of the United States (EOP). OMB's most prominent function is to produce the president's budget, but it also examines agency programs, policies, and procedures to see whether they comply with the president's policies and coordinates inter-agency policy initiatives. Shalanda Young became OMB's acting director in March 2021, and
1380-406: Is the longest. January daily lows average from 32–35 °F (0–2 °C) north to south, and highs range from 48–54 °F (9–12 °C), but often reach well above or below this average. There is an average annual snowfall of about 2.5 inches (6.4 cm), falling mostly from December through March, though there was snow north of the city on April 3, 1987. Snow flurries are actually common during
1449-692: The Atlanta–Athens-Clarke County–Sandy Springs combined statistical area . The combined statistical area spans up to 39 counties in North Georgia . The CSA recorded in the 2020 U.S. census a population of 6,930,423. Atlanta is the largest metropolitan area in the U.S. Census Bureau's Southeast region. It surpassed the Greater Miami area in total population in 2021, and both the Washington metropolitan area , and
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#17327649906601518-553: The Flint River , and the east-southeastern ones by the Oconee River and Yellow River . By 2005 the metro area was using 360 million US gallons (1,400,000 m) of water per day (about 80 US gallons (300 L) per person per day) from these rivers. This usage was reduced by more than 10% during the drought, but soared back up after watering restrictions were eased (and before the flooding ensued). The need for water
1587-711: The Gainesville and Athens metropolitan areas plus LaGrange , Thomaston , Jefferson , Calhoun , and Cedartown micropolitan areas, for a total 2012 population of 6,162,195. The CSA also abuts the Macon and Columbus MSAs. The region is one of the metropolises of the Southeastern United States, and is part of the emerging megalopolis known as Piedmont Atlantic Megaregion along the I-85 Corridor . The counties listed below are included in
1656-534: The Gainesville MSA , but with astronomical growth to over 200,000 residents, is now also part of the Atlanta CSA. The official tourism website of the State of Georgia features an "Atlanta Metro" tourism region that includes only eight counties: Fulton, DeKalb, Gwinnett, Cobb, Clayton, Douglas, Fayette, and Henry. More than one half of metro Atlanta's population is in unincorporated areas or areas considered
1725-486: The Metro Atlanta Chamber of Commerce counted 140 cities and towns in the 28‑county Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) in mid-2005. Ten cities – Johns Creek (2006), Milton (2006), Chattahoochee Hills (2007), Dunwoody (2008), Peachtree Corners (2012), Brookhaven (2012), Tucker (2016), Stonecrest (2016), South Fulton (2017), and Mableton (2022) – have incorporated since then, following
1794-687: The Philadelphia metropolitan area in 2023 (the latter of which is in the Northeast region ). About one in ten (10.6%) of residents served by the Atlanta Regional Commission (including the core 5 counties of the metropolitan area) live within Atlanta city limits. By U.S. Census Bureau standards, the population of the Atlanta region spreads across a metropolitan area of 8,376 square miles (21,694 km), comparable to
1863-700: The Piedmont to the south. The northern and some western suburbs tend to be higher and significantly more hilly than the southern and eastern suburbs. The average elevation is around 1,000 feet (300 m). The highest point in the immediate area is Kennesaw Mountain at 1,808 ft (551 m), followed by Stone Mountain at 1,686 ft (514 m), Sweat Mountain at 1,640 ft (500 m), and Little Kennesaw Mountain at 1,600 ft (488 m). Others include Blackjack Mountain , Lost Mountain , Brushy Mountain , Pine Mountain , and Mount Wilkinson ( Vinings Mountain ). Many of these play prominently in
1932-424: The iron oxide present in it. It becomes very muddy and sticky when wet, and hard when dry, and stains light-colored carpets and clothing easily. It also tends to have a low pH , further aggravating gardeners. The fineness of it also means it is easily deposited into streams during heavy rains, creating silt problems where it is exposed due to construction. This transported red soil can be seen downstream on
2001-524: The riverbanks of south Georgia (where the native clay is white), and down to the Florida panhandle (where the native sand is also white). Topsoil is present only in natural forest areas, created by the decomposition of leaf litter . An extinct fault line called the Brevard Fault runs roughly parallel to the Chattahoochee River , but as its last movements were apparently prehistoric , it
2070-500: The "yellow-shafted flicker"), and the downy woodpecker . The red-headed woodpecker is common in open fields and on golf courses. The American goldfinch is present mostly in winter, and the ruby-throated hummingbird only in summer. Numerically, Metro Atlanta is the third fastest growing metropolitan area in the U.S.The 2020 census counted 6,089,815 people in the 28-county metro area. This was an increase of 803,087 from its 2010 population, representing growth of 15.2%. This was, however,
2139-664: The 1990s, OMB was reorganized to remove the distinction between management staff and budgetary staff by combining the dual roles into each given program examiner within the Resource Management Offices. OMB prepares the president's budget proposal to Congress and supervises the administration of the executive branch agencies. It evaluates the effectiveness of agency programs, policies, and procedures, assesses competing funding demands among agencies, and sets funding priorities. OMB ensures that agency reports, rules, testimony, and proposed legislation are consistent with
Metro Atlanta - Misplaced Pages Continue
2208-425: The 8 new counties represent less than 3% of the larger 28‑county metro. Source: for race and Hispanic population, U.S. Census Bureau 2010 and 2000 census; for foreign-born population: US Census Bureau 2010 and 2000 American Community Surveys; Immigrants in 2010 Metropolitan America , Brookings Institution United States Office of Management and Budget The Office of Management and Budget ( OMB )
2277-541: The Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell metropolitan statistical area. In 2023, the Office of Management and Budget split the MSA into two conurbated metropolitan divisions. The Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell metropolitan division consists of the following 24 counties: The Marietta metropolitan division consists of the following five counties. Some entities define a much smaller metropolitan area by including only
2346-688: The Century ) caught much of the Southeast off-guard in 1993, dumping 4.5 inches (11.4 cm) at the Atlanta airport on March 13, and much more than that in the suburbs to the north and west, as well as in the mountains. The only other recorded winter storm of comparable severity was the Great Blizzard of 1899 . The heaviest snow was in January 1940, when 8.3 inches (21.1 cm) buried the city during its coldest month on record. The second-heaviest
2415-725: The Office of Legislative Affairs, the Budget Review Division (BRD), and the Legislative Reference Division. The BRD performs government-wide budget coordination and is largely responsible for the technical aspects relating to the release of the president's budget each February. With respect to the estimation of spending for the executive branch , the BRD serves a purpose parallel to that of the Congressional Budget Office (which
2484-411: The U.S. Census Bureau. Its economic, cultural, and demographic center is Atlanta , and its total population was 6,307,261 in the 2023 estimate from the U.S. Census Bureau . The core 5 counties of metropolitan Atlanta are Fulton , DeKalb , Cobb , Gwinnett , and Clayton , with over 60% of the metro area’s population residing in these counties. The metro area forms the core of a broader trading area,
2553-413: The United States, plus another three in the territory of Puerto Rico. The following table lists the 181 combined statistical areas (CSAs) of the United States with the following information: Metropolitan statistical areas that are not also combined with other MSAs or CBSAs are not listed below. The following sortable table lists the three combined statistical areas (CSAs) of Puerto Rico with
2622-450: The White House's official position on proposed legislation. In practice, the president has assigned the OMB certain responsibilities when it comes to the budget and hiring authorities who play key roles in developing it. OMB coordinates the development of the president's budget proposal by issuing circulars , memoranda, and guidance documents to the heads of executive agencies. The OMB works very closely with executive agencies in making sure
2691-437: The agencies to discuss issues in the upcoming budget. In July, the OMB issues circular A-11 to all agencies, which outlines instructions for submitting the budget proposals, which the agencies submit by September. The fiscal year begins October 1 and OMB staff meet with senior agency representatives to find out whether their proposals are in line with the president's priorities and policies and identify constraints within
2760-489: The area around Stone Mountain. Common garden plants include dogwood, azalea , hydrangea , flowering cherry , maples , pin oak , red-tip photinia , holly , juniper , white pine , magnolia , Bradford pear , forsythia , liriope ( mondograss ), and English ivy . Lawns can be either cool-season grasses like fescue and rye , or warm-season like zoysia and bermudagrass which turn brown in late fall. A few homeowners associations actually prohibit green grass in
2829-440: The area, with three varieties of hawks common near open fields in even the most populated areas. Falcons roost on skyscrapers in downtown Atlanta and can be regularly seen feasting on pigeons. The American kestrel is sometimes seen. Late in the year, three species of owls can be heard nightly in wooded areas. Various woodpeckers can be seen in forested lots, including the red-bellied woodpecker , northern flicker (also known as
Metro Atlanta - Misplaced Pages Continue
2898-548: The budget process and proposal is smooth. The development of the budget within the executive branch has many steps and takes nearly a year to complete. The first step is the OMB informing the president of the country's economic situation. The next step is known as the Spring Guidance: the OMB gives executive agencies instructions on policy guidance to use when coming up with their budget requests along with due dates for them to submit their requests. The OMB then works with
2967-478: The budget proposal until late November. The OMB director then meets with the president and EOP advisors to discuss the agencies' budget proposals and recommends a federal budget proposal, and the agencies are notified of the decisions about their requests. They can appeal to OMB and the president in December if they are dissatisfied with the decisions. After working together to resolve issues, agencies and OMB prepare
3036-482: The city was incorporated after 2020 and census data is unavailable): Principal Cities Places with 100,000 to 399,999 inhabitants Places with 75,000 to 99,999 inhabitants Places with 50,000 to 74,999 inhabitants Places with 25,000 to 49,999 inhabitants Places with 24,999 or fewer inhabitants The area sprawls across the low foothills of the Appalachian Mountains to the north and
3105-514: The comments into a consensus opinion of the administration about the proposal. It is also responsible for writing an Enrolled Bill Memorandum to the president once a bill is presented by both chambers of Congress for the president's signature. The Enrolled Bill Memorandum details the bill's particulars, opinions on the bill from relevant federal departments, and an overall opinion about whether it should be signed into law or vetoed . It also issues Statements of Administration Policy that let Congress know
3174-448: The counties which have the densest suburban development. Fulton, DeKalb, Gwinnett, Cobb, and Clayton were the five original counties when the Atlanta metropolitan area was first defined in 1950, and continue to be the core of the metro area. These five counties along with six more (Cherokee, Douglas, Fayette, Henry, Rockdale, and Forsyth) are members of the Atlanta Regional Commission , a weak metropolitan government organization which also
3243-399: The entire citrus industry in central Florida . Hurricane Opal brought sustained tropical storm conditions to the area one night in early October 1995, uprooting hundreds of trees and causing widespread power outages , after soaking the area with rain for two days prior. Since 1950, some metro counties have been hit more than 20 times by tornadoes. Cobb (26) and Fulton (22) are two of
3312-734: The five Resource Management Offices, which are organized along functional lines mirroring the federal government, each led by an OMB associate director. Approximately half of all OMB staff are assigned to these offices, the majority of whom are designated as program examiners. Program examiners can be assigned to monitor one or more federal agencies or may be deployed by a topical area, such as monitoring issues relating to U.S. Navy warships. These staff have dual responsibility for both management and budgetary issues, as well as for giving expert advice on all aspects relating to their programs. Each year they review federal agency budget requests and help decide what resource requests will be sent to Congress as part of
3381-445: The government, basically making sure its day-to-day operations run. Without a budget, federal employees could not be paid, federal buildings could not open and federal programs would come to a halt in a government shutdown. Shutdowns can occur when Congress refuses to pass a budget. The Interagency Suspension and Debarment Committee (ISDC) was created as an OMB committee by President Ronald Reagan's Executive Order 12549 in 1986, for
3450-428: The highest in the state. The Dunwoody tornado in early April 1998 was the worst tornado to have struck the area. A tornado struck downtown Atlanta in March 2008, causing a half-billion dollars in damage. The area experiences a winter storm with significant snowfall about once each year. This can be extremely irregular, with several consecutive years receiving no measurable snow. A blizzard (see: 1993 Storm of
3519-488: The hottest month ever for the area. This was broken on the last day of June 2012, when the temperature reached 106 °F (41.1 °C), during a massive heat wave that hit most of the country, with another 105 the next day tying the July record. The lowest recorded temperatures were −6 °F (−21 °C) and −8 °F (−22 °C) on January 20 and 21 of 1985, and −9 °F (−23 °C) on February 13, 1899, during severe cold snaps that went so far south they devastated
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#17327649906603588-477: The lead of Sandy Springs in 2005. The Atlanta metropolitan area was first defined in 1950 as Fulton , DeKalb , Gwinnett , Cobb and Clayton counties. Walton , Newton , Douglas , Fayette , Forsyth , Henry , Cherokee , Rockdale , and Butts counties were added after the 1970 census, with Barrow and Coweta counties joining in 1980 and Bartow, Carroll, Paulding, Pickens and Spalding counties in 1990. Atlanta's larger combined statistical area (CSA) adds
3657-609: The mountains, and white-tailed deer are abundant; overpopulated in some areas. Homeowners in the outer suburbs are prone to landscaping damage due to scavenging deer. The most common birds are the brown thrasher (the GA state bird ), American crow , European (or common) starling , American robin , mourning dove , house sparrow , northern cardinal , house finch , Carolina chickadee , tufted titmouse , bluejay , white-breasted nuthatch , eastern bluebird, mockingbird, brown-headed nuthatch , and Carolina wren . Birds of prey thrive in
3726-408: The president's and agencies' policies to the government as a whole and set forth policymakers' agendas. During the review of the federal budget, interest groups can lobby for policy change and affect the budget for the new year. OMB plays a key role in policy conflicts by making sure legislation and agencies' actions are consistent with the executive branch's. OMB has a powerful and influential role in
3795-411: The president's budget and administration policies. OMB also oversees and coordinates the administration's procurement, financial management, information, and regulatory policies. In each of these areas, OMB's role is to help improve administrative management, develop better performance measures and coordinating mechanisms, and reduce unnecessary burdens on the public. OMB's critical missions are: OMB
3864-505: The president's budget. They perform in-depth program evaluations with the Program Assessment Rating Tool, review proposed regulations and agency testimony, analyze pending legislation, and oversee the aspects of the president's management agenda including agency management scorecards. They are often called upon to provide analysis information to EOP staff. They also provide important information to those assigned to
3933-475: The purpose of monitoring the implementation of the order. This order mandates executive departments and agencies to: Circulars are instructions or information the OMB issues to federal agencies that are indexed by major category: Budget, State and Local Governments, Educational and Non-Profit Institutions, Federal Procurement, Federal Financial Management, Federal Information Resources / Data Collection and Other Special Purpose. Circular NO. A-119 Circular A-119
4002-410: The size of Israel . Because Georgia contains more counties than any other state except Texas (explained in part by the now-defunct county-unit system of weighing votes in primary elections ), area residents live under a heavily decentralized collection of governments. As of the 2000 census, fewer than one in ten residents of the metropolitan area lived inside Atlanta city limits . A 2006 survey by
4071-477: The southeast side near Eatonton in early April 2009. The New Madrid seismic zone (near the Missouri-Tennessee borders) and the seismic zone producing the 1886 magnitude 7.3 earthquake are still capable of producing moderate or major earthquakes, which the entire Atlanta area will feel moderately or even strongly. The Atlanta metro area has a humid subtropical climate with four seasons . Summer
4140-459: The statutory offices within OMB: the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, the Office of Federal Procurement Policy, the Office of Federal Financial Management, and the Office of E-Government & Information Technology , which specializes in issues such as federal regulations and procurement policy and law. Other components are OMB-wide support offices, including the Office of General Counsel,
4209-550: The summer afternoon thunderstorms, temperatures may suddenly drop to 70–77 degrees with locally heavy rainfall. Average annual rainfall is about 50.2 inches (1,280 mm). Late winter and early spring, as well as July, are the wettest. Fall, especially October, is the driest. From 1878 to 2011, the highest recorded temperatures at Atlanta were 105 °F (40.6 °C) on three days in the extraordinarily hot July 1980, followed by 104 °F (40 °C) that month and in August 2007,
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#17327649906604278-515: The ubiquitous dandelion , crabgrass , and plantain . By far the most notorious introduced species is kudzu , a highly invasive species from Japan which climbs and smothers trees and shrubs. New effective herbicides as well as increased development of formerly rural areas has greatly reduced kudzu in the metro area (although still quite common elsewhere in Georgia). Wisteria planted decades ago by farmers in then-rural areas has become wild and
4347-551: The various battles of the Atlanta Campaign during the American Civil War . If the further-north counties are included, Bear Mountain is highest, followed by Pine Log Mountain , Sawnee Mountain , and Hanging Mountain , followed by the others listed above. Stone, Sweat, Bear, and Sawnee are all home to some of the area's broadcast stations . The area's subsoil is a dense clay soil, colored rusty by
4416-432: The winter months when there is an especially deep trough in the jet stream. These events usually do not amount to more than a slight dusting and therefore go unrecognized in most weather summaries. Summers are long and consistently hot and humid. July mornings average 71 °F (22 °C) and afternoons average 89 °F (32 °C), with slight breezes, and typically a 20–40% chance of afternoon thunderstorms . During
4485-427: The winter. Native to the nearby mountains, maples are now one of the most common landscape trees for new homes and parking lots, giving their color in the fall instead of spring. When planted close to buildings (which provide shelter and radiate heat), they can retain some of their color into December, especially if November has been warm. Common lawn weeds are mock strawberry , violet , wild onion , and of course
4554-694: Was confirmed by the Senate in March 2022. The Bureau of the Budget , OMB's predecessor, was established in 1921 as a part of the Department of the Treasury by the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 , which President Warren G. Harding signed into law. The Bureau of the Budget was moved to the Executive Office of the President in 1939 and was run by Harold D. Smith during the government's rapid expansion of spending during World War II . James L. Sundquist,
4623-582: Was created in response to the OMB) for estimating Congressional spending, the Department of the Treasury for estimating executive branch revenue, and the Joint Committee on Taxation for estimating Congressional revenue. The Legislative Reference Division is the federal government's central clearing house for proposed legislation or testimony by federal officials. It distributes proposed legislation and testimony to all relevant federal reviewers and distills
4692-488: Was happening. Similar earthquakes occur in this region called the Eastern Tennessee seismic zone , often felt much more widely across the stronger crust of eastern North America as compared to the west. Thus, the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina earthquake was also felt in Atlanta and throughout the Southeast. It caused damage as far as central Alabama and West Virginia. Two small earthquakes were also felt on
4761-436: Was in 1983, when a very late storm dumped 7.9 inches (20.1 cm) on March 24. Ice storms have occurred in the area. The well-remembered 1973 ice storm was brutal, as was the storm in 1982. The Southeastern U.S. drought of 2006–2008 began with dry weather in 2006, and left area lakes very low. The drought began to abate significantly after the 2009 Atlanta floods , when some areas got up to 20 inches (500 mm) of rain in
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