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57-581: Meadow Lea is one of Australia's leading brands of polyunsaturated margarine spreads, founded in Sydney in 1932 by Oliver Triggs who claimed to be the first person in Australia to manufacture table margarine, and owned since 1986 by the Australasian food company Goodman Fielder . In 1995 it had a 25% share of margarine sales, and was the top-selling margarine brand since 1973. Meadow Lea Margarine

114-689: A chill and developed pneumonia. He died at Carthona in October 1855. In his will Mitchell left all of his property to his children and Carthona was left to his second youngest daughter Alice who was then only 16 and living with her mother. It seems that from about 1858 Carthona was rented by the Mitchell family to the Misses Cooksey as Blanche Mitchell, the youngest daughter mentions in her Diary on 17 July 1858 that Miss Cooksey called at Craigend Terrace where they were then living and paid her mother

171-477: A cousin of brothers AB Triggs and Inigo Triggs . From August 1935 until 1975, the family home was Edgewater , 3-5 Sutherland Crescent, Darling Point , bought from George Wirth of Wirth Brothers Circus which cost £30,000, and was then-called Margworth , built for Wirth and his wife Margaret in about 1929-30 in the Spanish style. Its water front gardens (including a tennis court and swimming pool) were sold to

228-436: A decreased risk of certain cancers, including breast and colorectal cancer , while other studies found no associations with cancer risk. Polyunsaturated fat can be found mostly in nuts, seeds, fish, seed oils, and oysters . "Unsaturated" refers to the fact that the molecules contain less than the maximum amount of hydrogen (if there were no double bonds). These materials exist as cis or trans isomers depending on

285-541: A family of enzymes, show potential as mild and green catalysts for the production of PUFAs from triglycerides. In general, outside of dietary contexts, PUFAs are undesirable components of vegetable oils, so there is great interest in their removal from, say, olive oil. One technology for lowering the PUFA contact is by selective formation of derivatives with ureas . From the perspective of chemical analysis , PUFA's have high iodine numbers . These high values are simply

342-620: A ladies boarding school. Martha Cooksey died in 1851. Mary Ann and her son, best known as the Rev. W. H. Savigny , immigrated to Australia in 1853. and several years later the two remaining Cooksey sisters Catherine and Sarah also immigrated, and ran a boarding school for young ladies at Carthona from 1858 to 1872. Their first advertisement in the Sydney Morning Herald in January 1858 read "The Misses Cooksey, having taken Carthona,

399-641: A quarterly rent. Because Mitchell had left a considerable amount of debt, Lady Mitchell and her children were forced to move out of Carthona to a much smaller residence in Craigend Terrace, Woolloomooloo. Blanche Mitchell disliked the new accommodation and reminisced about her previous life at Carthona in her diary. In one section she says. The Cooksey sisters were Catherine and Sarah Cooksey, who were born in Sedgley in Staffordshire. Catherine

456-496: A reduced risk of breast cancer. DHA is vital for the grey matter structure of the human brain , as well as retinal stimulation and neurotransmission . Contrary to conventional advice, an evaluation of evidence from 1966–1973 pertaining to the health impacts of replacing dietary saturated fat with linoleic acid found that participants in the group doing so had increased rates of death from all causes, coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular disease. Although this evaluation

513-444: A reflection of the fact that PUFAs are poly unsaturated. Hydrogenation of PUFAs gives less saturated derivatives. For unsaturated products from partial hydrogenation often contain some trans isomers. The trans monounsaturated C20 species elaidic acid can be prepared in this way. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are susceptible to lipid peroxidation , far more so than monounsaturated or saturated analogues. The basis for this reactivity

570-450: A single storey house at 4B Wentworth Street, at the top of Point Piper , next door to horse trainer Tommy Smith , near Kilmory (Ave Maria Retreat House), which was sold in c1972 and demolished c2010. The couple divorced in c1976, and on 20 June 1986 Triggs married Lesley-Anne Woodward, who had 4 children from her previous marriage. The Art Deco heritage listed residential home named Meadow Lea at 22 Sydney Road, East Lindfield , Sydney,

627-519: A year later he married Katie Angell , an acrobat and trapeze artiste. They had two daughters and for some years toured and performed mainly around Australasia. In 1892 Rickards made Sydney his headquarters and concentrated his efforts on owning or leasing theatres in the capital cities of Australia. In 1899 he bought the Sydney Tivoli Theatre and adjacent hotel. He went overseas annually to find suitable artists to bring to Australia and he

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684-696: A year later. Some time before 1887 the Savigny home at 45 Lyttleton Street, Launceston, was dubbed "Carthona", as was the home of John Savigny on Ashby Street. After the Cooksey sisters left, Carthona was rented for some time by Mrs Tait who also ran a boarding school. Thomas Mitchell's daughter, Alice Mitchell, who inherited Carthona, had married Captain Philip Dauncey in 1859 and now lived in England. She first advertised Carthona for sale in 1875 and

741-768: Is listed as being of local significance on the New South Wales Heritage Database . Carthona was initially the residence of surveyor and explorer Thomas Mitchell and his family. Carthona is described by the Heritage Council as an "impressive two storey mansion with cellars, of mannerist Tudor Gothic style. Built of sandstone, exterior there is a profusion of gabled slate roofs having castellated parapets and balconies dominated by tall tudor chimneys. Ground floor windows are pointed Gothic style having three centred heads and fretwork while first floor windows are flat arched and shuttered." It

798-439: Is reported to have paid them generously. The Rickards lived at Carthona for two years while Harry continued to establish his theatrical business. In 1904 he purchased the nearby property called Lansdowne which now forms part of McKell Park. He substantially demolished this building and built a large Federation style house which he called Canonbury. Marcus William Oldham bought Carthona in 1904 and resided there until 1911. He

855-455: Is the alpha carbon, the next carbon is the beta carbon and so on . In fatty acids the carbon atom of the methyl group at the end of the hydrocarbon chain is called the omega carbon because omega is the last letter of the Greek alphabet. Omega-3 fatty acids have a double bond three carbons away from the methyl carbon, whereas omega-6 fatty acids have a double bond six carbons away from

912-695: Is the weakness of doubly allylic C-H bonds. They are drying oils , i.e. film-forming liquids suitable as painting. One practical consequence is that polyunsaturated fatty acids have poor shelf life, owing to their tendency toward autoxidation , leading, in the case of edibles, to rancidification . Metals accelerate the degradation. A range of reactions with oxygen occur. Products include fatty acid hydroperoxides , epoxy-hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acids, jasmonates , divinylether fatty acids , and leaf aldehydes . Some of these derivatives are signalling molecules, some are used in plant defense ( antifeedants ), some are precursors to other metabolites that are used by

969-531: The Returned and Services League of Australia (RSL), and was made a life member of the RSL in 2008. He received an Order of Australia in 2011 for service to veterans and their families. He married Ruth Carol Donnison (2 August 1926 - 4 May 2023) on 4 July 1950 (best man: Colonel Rene Lemercier, bridesmaid: Wendy Playfair , friend: Pam Hornibrook ) and had two sons, David (b1957) and Andrew (b1961). He built in c1960

1026-545: The " Bushmen’s Contingent ". In 1902 Harry Rickards bought Carthona after selling Craignest. Harry Rickards whose real name was Harry Benjamin Leete was born in 1843 in London. His first occupation was an engine driver but soon after he married Caroline Hayden in 1862 they both went on the stage. Harry was a singer and the couple toured in various countries including Australia during the 1870s. In 1879 his wife divorced him and

1083-682: The Sydney Morning Herald in February 1847 lists for sale all of his property including Carthona. Carthona is described as "the very splendid family mansion with spacious stabling and two acres of ground at Mrs Darling's Point, the present residence of Sir Thomas Mitchell, Surveyor-General." He returned from England in July 1848 but again went to London for almost two years in 1852. In 1855, after his return to Sydney while conducting surveying work in Southern New South Wales he contracted

1140-463: The age of 35. and three months later Arthur died at his brother’s residence of Toxteth Park. His brother was Sir George Wigram Allen . Carthona was put on the market in 1886 and was bought by James Sutherland Mitchell who at that time owned Etham, an adjoining property. He bought Carthona for his son William Broadfoot Mitchell who was married the following year. This Mitchell family was not related to Sir Thomas Mitchell. William Broadfoot Mitchell

1197-712: The ban). Also formed in Fitzroy, Melbourne was Birmacley margarine (by Colin Bir t, Leslie Mc Master, George Buck ley and Harriet McMaster), which became Colvan table margarine in 1956, owned by Triggs' longtime horseracing friend Ted Mayes' sons Col in and I van , when Triggs sold Ted the Meadow Lea Victorian manufacturing license in 1956. Later in 1932 the Meadow Lea factory was moved to 34 Wellington Street, Newtown. By March 1933 there were 70 employees working in

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1254-507: The confusion). From 1939 to 1946 Triggs owned the approximately 2,000 acres (810 ha) Kyalla Park sheep farm and horse stud near Orange , which had the first electrified sheep-shearing shed in Australia (built in about 1910 by the previous owners, the Stuart family, builders of Luna Park Sydney ). Subsequently the property was slowly subdivided and sold off by the Dutton family, so that it

1311-480: The diet, unsaturated fats (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) are often referred to as good fats ; while saturated fats are sometimes referred to as bad fats . Some fat is needed in the diet, but it is usually considered that fats should not be consumed excessively, unsaturated fats should be preferred, and saturated fats in particular should be limited. In preliminary research, omega-3 fatty acids in algal oil, fish oil, fish and seafood have been shown to lower

1368-617: The factory was moved to 1 Alice Street, Newtown, leased from Sydney Confectionery Limited, with the fit-out costing £15,000. In 1945 Armstrong sold his 25% share of Meadow Lea to Ken Triggs, and retired from the company. In 1956, Oliver and Ken Triggs sold the Meadow Lea Margarine Company (excluding the Victorian manufacturing license) to Vegetable Oils Proprietary Limited, a subsidiary of the publicly listed company Allied Mills Limited. On 30 April 1986 Allied Mills

1425-552: The factory. In 1934 Triggs hired James (Jim) Andrew Armstrong as a sales manager, on commission, for country regions in New South Wales . By 1939 75% of all margarine consumed in Australia was manufactured in 10 factories in NSW. In 1941 Triggs and Armstrong reached an agreement whereby Armstrong would sell his roughly 25% sales commission share in the Meadow Lea Margarine Company to Triggs' son Ken in 1945 when he turned 21. In 1941

1482-527: The geometry of the double bond. PUFA's are significant components of alkyd resins , which are used in coatings . Carthona, Darling Point Carthona is a large Gothic Revival architecture style house situated at 5 Carthona Avenue, on a promontory of Darling Point , in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia. The mansion is listed by the New South Wales Heritage Council as a building of historical significance and

1539-840: The incidence of pregnancy-related disorders, such as hypertension or preeclampsia , but may increase the length of gestation slightly and decreased the incidence of early premature births. Expert panels in the United States and Europe recommend that pregnant and lactating women consume higher amounts of polyunsaturated fats than the general population to enhance the DHA status of the fetus and newborn. Results from observational clinical trials on polyunsaturated fat intake and cancer have been inconsistent and vary by numerous factors of cancer incidence, including gender and genetic risk. Some studies have shown associations between higher intakes and/or blood levels of polyunsaturated fat omega-3s and

1596-685: The methyl carbon. The illustration below shows the omega-6 fatty acid, linoleic acid . Polyunsaturated fatty acids can be classified in various groups by their chemical structure: Based on the length of their carbon backbone, they are sometimes classified in two groups: All feature pentadiene groups. PUFAs with 18 carbon atoms, which are the most common variety, are not produced by mammals. Since they have important dietary functions, their biosynthesis has received much attention. Plants produce PUFAs from oleic acid . Key enzymes are called fatty acid desaturases , which introduce additional double bonds. Desaturases convert oleic acid into linoleic acid

1653-480: The neighbouring Carthona in the 1950s, when Edgewater was divided into three homes (one on each floor) with Triggs retaining the top floor. Triggs also owned the cruiser Sea Mist circa 1939-41 (possibly HMAS  Seamist which sank the Japanese midget submarine M-21 in the attack on Sydney Harbour in 1942, but there may have been two cruisers called Sea Mist made by Lars Halvorsen Sons in 1937-39, hence

1710-540: The nightclub restaurant Romanos, who had sold his racehorse Bernborough in 1946 to Louis B. Mayer for £93,000. In 1955 the house was sold for £25,000. In 1996 it was purchased by Daniel Kalanderian, the co-founder of the Sydney store, Victoria's Basement, for $ 1.415 million, who added a new wing and put it on the market in September 2010 for $ 7.5 million. It was for sale in 2014 for $ 10 million, and in 2020

1767-444: The notice read as follows. Arthur Mansfield Allen was born in 1843 in Sydney. He was the son of George Allen (1800–1877) who was a prominent Sydney solicitor and owned Toxteth Park, Glebe . Arthur was born into a large family of ten children, five sons and five daughters. He received a good education and graduated from Sydney University with a Master of Arts Degree in 1866. He entered his father’s firm of solicitors Allen and Allen in

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1824-596: The only son of Oliver Triggs, was a director and 25% shareholder in Meadow Lea from 1945 until the company's sale to Vegetable Oils Proprietary Limited in 1956. He subsequently became a farmer and Chairman of the NSW Egg Board, a manufacturer of polystyrene containers, Chairman of Mutual Home Loans Fund of Australia Limited and Information Electronics Limited. In 2003 he became the Secretary of the Auburn sub-Branch of

1881-454: The outpost named Victoria at Port Essington, in the present day Northern Territory. On the completion of the exploratory journey, Mithchell's Aboriginal "guide, companion, counsellor and friend", Yuranigh , lived briefly at Carthona, but not liking the city, Yuranigh soon left to take up work as a stockman . In 1847 Mitchell again went to England and it seems that, at least initially, he may have intended not to return as an advertisement in

1938-552: The plant. These fatty acids have 2 or more cis double bonds that are separated from each other by a single methylene bridge (- CH 2 -). This form is also sometimes called a divinylmethane pattern . The essential fatty acids are all omega-3 and -6 methylene-interrupted fatty acids. See more at Essential fatty acids—Nomenclature The biological effects of the ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids are largely mediated by their mutual interactions, see Essential fatty acid interactions for detail. Because of their effects in

1995-475: The precursor to alpha-linolenic acid , gamma-linolenic acid and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid . Industrial PUFAs are generally obtained by hydrolysis of fats that contain PUFAs. The process is complicated by the sensitive nature of PUFAs, leading to side reactions and colorization. Thus, steam hydrolysis often fails for this reason. Alkaline hydrolysis of fats followed by acidification is expensive. Lipases ,

2052-565: The residence of the late Sir Thomas Mitchell, will be ready to receive their pupils on 26 January. For terms apply to the Misses Cooksey. Applications to be made at Carthona, Darling Point" In 1872 their sister Mary Ann Savigny died and the Misses Cooksey left Carthona and stayed at her late residence in Launceston, Tasmania for a short time. They then rented a house at 4 Grey Street, East Melbourne, where they lived until 1885, when Catherine died. Sarah then left for Launceston, where she died

2109-482: The risk of heart attacks . Other preliminary research indicates that omega-6 fatty acids in sunflower oil and safflower oil may also reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Among omega-3 fatty acids, neither long-chain nor short-chain forms were consistently associated with breast cancer risk. High levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), however, the most abundant omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in erythrocyte ( red blood cell ) membranes, were associated with

2166-518: The same year. In 1869 he married Alice Greer who was 19 years old. When they moved into Carthona in 1880 they had three children under the age of ten. Unfortunately Arthur was plagued with ill health. He suffered from Bright’s Disease which is a kidney disorder. While the Allens were at Carthona they went to England twice to try to improve Arthur’s health. Their last visit was at the beginning of 1885. Not long after their return Alice died at Carthona at

2223-452: The south gardens were sub-divided by Kalanderian into a 1,162sqm block with a new five-bedroom house, numbered 22A Sydney Road, which was for sale in April 2022 for $ 8.5 million as never-been-lived-in. Polyunsaturated The position of the carbon-carbon double bonds in carboxylic acid chains in fats is designated by Greek letters . The carbon atom closest to the carboxyl group

2280-552: The waterfront gardens of the neighbouring Edgewater , 3-5 Sutherland Crescent, from Oliver Triggs . Bushell's heiress Amber Oxley passed the house on to her son, Anthony, making him the third generation of the family to live in the house. Anthony later married Roslyn Oxley , who ran an art gallery in Paddington , Sydney. In 2012 a new house was built into the hillside of the former Edgewater land (becoming 6 Carthona Avenue), for Amber's youngest son Christopher, who put up for sale

2337-736: Was around 150 acres (61 ha) when owned by the Napier family from 1982 to 2021. In 1939 Triggs' racehorse Gilltown won the Moonee Valley Cup (and again in 1940) and City Tattersall's Gold Cup , and ran in the Melbourne Cup (leading almost to the home turn). In c1960-74 Triggs' wife Nita owned 'Landers' (with c11 acres, now subdivided No. 6) in The Avenue, Burradoo , Bowral , where her granddaughters kept riding horses. Kenneth Oliver Triggs OAM (5 April 1924 – 11 July 2022),

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2394-451: Was at Lindesay Mitchell was planning to build Carthona. Besides buying Lindesay on Lot 1 in 1841, Mitchell also bought Lots 7, 12, 13, 14 and 15. It is on the last four lots that Carthona was constructed. In 1845 the Mitchell family moved into Carthona and Mitchell sold Lindesay to his friend Sir Charles Nicholson. Soon after Mitchell moved into Carthona he set out on his fourth expedition in search of an overland route from Boree in NSW to

2451-769: Was banned in Victoria in November 1931 to support the butter industry and pure butter sales, Triggs started making margarine as a replacement, and then moved to Sydney in about April 1932, which had more favourable margarine regulations, and sales of Meadow Lea grew rapidly. Shortly afterwards back in Melbourne, Nuttelex was founded by Hugh Halpin in a factory in Gordon Street, south Richmond (now part of Cremorne ), where his brother James Halpin had manufactured copha butter since 1929 (and may have continued making it after

2508-603: Was born in Ascot Vale in Melbourne and grew up on a small farm. He fought with the Light Horse in World War I , then trained as a tailor. He was married in September 1922 to Nita Alice Beck (or Bek, 13 April 1895 – 16 June 1974), a seamstress, and in the late 1920s they opened a corner grocery shop. They had four children, Kenneth, Audray and Marian (non-identical twins, born 20 June 1930), and Jill. Triggs claimed to be

2565-492: Was born in 1850. His father was James Sutherland Mitchell and his mother was Elizabeth Carter Laidley who died in 1868. After his wife’s death James married Maria Allen. who was the sister of Arthur Allen the then owner of Carthona. James was a partner in Tooths Brewery and William was employed by his father’s firm as a Manager. In 1887 William married Edith M Gore. They had two children one girl and one boy. William

2622-626: Was born in 1869. In 1903 he married Jean Wedderburn Watson in Sydney. He is listed in the Electoral Roll as a pastoralist. He died in 1939 at his then home at Point Piper . He had considerable wealth and in his will he gave his wife a life interest in his estate but after that it was to be used for the purposes of establishing and maintaining a training school to be known as the Marcus Oldham Farm where Protestant boys could be educated in farming. Ernest Henry Charles Wunderlich

2679-556: Was born in Nova Scotia, Canada in 1850. He had various occupations including school teaching, shipping and publishing. In 1879 he came to Australia and established an extensive general mercantile business. In 1882 he married Julia Anna Tortat and they had one child, a son. During the Boer War which is when Chipman resided at Carthona, he is reported to have organised a subscription fund to assist citizen soldiers who became known as

2736-578: Was born in about 1810 and Sarah in about 1815. There are records for at least two other sisters. Martha was born in 1805 and Mary Ann, the eldest sister, was born in 1800. Mary Ann married William Henry Savigny (1792–1828) in 1821. They had a son in May 1825 also named William Henry Savigny. The four sisters lived together for some time in Wharf House in Upton Warren . In this residence they conducted

2793-459: Was built in 1841 by Sir Thomas Mitchell and it is believed that many of the keystones of doors and windows were carved by him. Carthona has had many residents some of whom were historically interesting. Thomas Mitchell was born in 1792 in Scotland. His family was not wealthy but he joined the military and was proficient in drawing up plans of battlefields. In 1818 he married Mary Thomson Blunt who

2850-538: Was built on four housing lots and completed in about 1941 for James Andrew Armstrong, at the time co-proprietor (25%) of the Meadow-Lea Margarine Co. In 1945 the pool and grounds were used in the filming of A Son Is Born (released 1946), which included in its cast John McCallum , whose brother Ian later married Oliver Triggs' daughter Audray. The house was sold in 1948 for £17,000 to Azzalin Romano, of

2907-477: Was disputed by many scientists, it fueled debate over worldwide dietary advice to substitute polyunsaturated fats for saturated fats. Taking isotope-reinforced polyunsaturated fatty acids, for example deuterated linoleic acid where two atoms of hydrogen substituted with its heavy isotope deuterium, with food ( heavy isotope diet ) can suppress lipid peroxidation and prevent or treat the associated diseases. Polyunsaturated fat supplementation does not decrease

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2964-586: Was founded by Oliver Triggs in early 1932, when manufactured in Edgeware Road, Newtown , Sydney. However its origins go back at least a year, when Triggs assisted a copha butter manufacturer in Melbourne (which was more affordable than pure butter during the Great Depression ), while running a small grocery shop at 6 Elizabeth Street, north Richmond since the late 1920s. After copha butter

3021-409: Was rented as short-term accommodation for the next six years by Hughes and his wife. One notable resident during this time was Earl Beauchamp, a former Governor of New South Wales. Hughes died in 1937 and Carthona was put on the market two years later. Philip Bushell —of Bushell's Tea fame—bought Carthona in 1940 and the family has retained the house since then. In the mid 1950s Bushell purchased

3078-519: Was reported to be a good sportsman and enjoyed yachting but unfortunately he did not enjoy good health and he died prematurely at the age of 49. After his death in 1899, Carthona was advertised for sale. It was marketed jointly with Etham and Prudhoe which were properties also on Darling Point. The next resident of Carthona was Holmes Samuel Chipman. He is listed in the Sands Directories as living at Carthona between 1900 and 1902. Chipman

3135-692: Was taken over by Fielder Gillespie Davis Limited, part of the Goodman Group Limited (New Zealand), to create Goodman Fielder Limited. In 2015 Goodman Fielder was purchased by Wilmar International and First Pacific , and in 2019 First Pacific's half share was acquired by Wilmar, one of the largest listed companies by market capitalisation on the Singapore Exchange. In 2010 the MeadowLea product range consisted of six varieties: Oliver Francis Triggs (21 March 1895 – 28 August 1962)

3192-486: Was the eighteen-year-old daughter of General Richard Blunt. In 1827 the couple came to Sydney and Thomas became Assistant Surveyor General of New South Wales and two years later became Surveyor General. During the 1830s Mitchell conducted three major expeditions into the interior of Australia. In 1837 he went to England and published a book about his explorations and obtained his knighthood. He returned to Sydney from England in 1841 and soon after purchased Lindesay . While he

3249-472: Was the next owner of Carthona. The house was put on the market in 1911 and purchased by Ernest Wunderlich for subdivision. Ernest Wunderlich was the brother of Alfred Wunderlich who subdivided Lindsay at about the same time. Carthona and the other blocks of land were advertised for sale in 1913. Arthur Edward Hughes bought Carthona from Wunderlich in 1913 and retained it until 1939. He resided there until 1933, then moved to Leura, New South Wales . Carthona

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